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The topic of this Master`s thesis is to design stabilization of road embankment, which is between Brno-Chrlice and Brno-Holásky. Aim of this thesis is finding acceptable solution of problem including finding cause of fault and describing other possible options. Solution will be design in GEO5. Thesis is completed with procedure in pile installation and drawing documentation.

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Los taludes recién construidos presentan un aspecto adecuado y una superficie regular y estable, pero por diversos agentes se erosionan rápidamente. Una técnica a utilizar para la estabilización y control de la erosión es el empleo de mallas arriostradas al terreno mediante anclajes. Esto facilita la revegetación, la integración paisajística y un bajo impacto medioambiental. Los resultados han sido dos modelos físico-matemáticos para el diseño de dos sistemas flexibles antierosión y de estabilización superficial de desmontes. En el primero, la membrana se encuentra arriostrada a la ladera mediante anclajes en líneas horizontales y al tresbolillo (Modelo Puntual). En el segundo, la malla transmite esfuerzos a elementos de arriostre y estos a la cabeza de los anclajes (Modelo Bidireccional). Para validar los modelos, se diseñaron tres instalaciones para las membranas flexibles, objeto de patente. Para este tipo de sistemas está indicado el uso de membranas flexibles anisótropas. Estos sistemas evitan la erosión del talud, recogen presiones ejercidas por este y las transmiten a la parte estable del anclaje. / Newly built slopes show a good aspect and a regular and stable surface, but for different agents quickly erode. One technique to use for the stabilization and control of erosion is the use of meshes braced to the ground through anchors. This facilitates revegetation, landscape integration, and a low environmental impact. The resuls of the study are two physical-mathematic models for the design of two flexible anti-erosion systems and for the excavation surface stabilization. In the first, the mesh is braced to the slope through anchors in horizontal lines and staggered (Punctual Model). In the second, the mesh transmits stresses to bracing elements and these to the anchors heads (Bidirectional Model). To validate the models, three installations for the flexible membranes were designed, the object of patents. For this type of systems, the use of flexible anisotropic membranes is indicated. These systems avoid slope erosion, gather the pressures exerted by it and transmit them to the anchor stable part.

The purpose of this study is to determine the most suitable remediation technique via geotechnical assessment of the landslide that occurred during the construction of Bursa-ineg&ouml / l-Boz&uuml / y&uuml / k Road at KM: 72+000-72+200 in an ancient landslide area. For this purpose, the geotechnical parameters of the mobilized soil along the slide surface was determined by back analyses of the landslide at four profiles by utilizing the Slope/W software. The landslide was then modeled using coupled analyses (with the Seep/W and Slope/W softwares) along the most representative profile of the study area by considering the landslide mechanism, the parameters determined from the geotechnical investigations, the size of the landslide and the location of the slip circle. In addition, since the study area is located in a second degree earthquake hazard region, pseudo-static stability analyses using the Slope/W software were performed incorporating the earthquake potential. The most suitable slope remediation technique was determined to be a combination of surface and subsurface drainage, application of rock buttress at the toe of the slide and unloading of the landslide material. A static and dynamic analyses of the landslide was also performed through utilizing finite element analyses. The static analyses were calibrated using the inclinometer readings in the field. After obtaining a good agreement with the inclinometer readings and finite element analyses results, the dynamic analyses were performed using acceleration time histories, which were determined considering the seismic characteristics of the study area.

A landslide occurred during the construction of the Giresun &ndash / Espiye road between Km: 1+030 &ndash / 1+170 in April 2003. Investigating the causes and mechanism of this slope failure along with suggesting a proper stabilization technique is aimed in this study. For that purpose, a detailed site investigation study, including engineering geological mapping, drilling work, in situ and laboratory tests, was performed. Weathered tuffite, tuffite, flysch and dacitic tuffite, from top to bottom, are the major units in the study area. A &ldquo / translational slide&rdquo / occurred in completely weathered tuffite owing to the disturbance of the stability of the slope by the excavations performed at the toe of the slope / particularly the foundation excavation for the restaurant building and for the road cut for the Giresun &ndash / Espiye road. After establishing the model of the landslide in detail, shear strength parameters of the failure surface were determined by the back analysis method as &quot / cohesion&quot / =2.5 kN/m2 and &quot / friction angle&quot / =9&deg / . Toe buttressing, ground water and surface water drainage options were considered for stabilizing the slope. For the back analysis calculations, the Morgenstern-Price and Spencer methods were used with the aid of the SLOPE/W computer program.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aimed to investigate the suitability of plant species for biotechnical management of slopes in oxisol soils. The studies began in March 2009, in the region of Cruz Alta-RS, South Brazil (28°23 28,14 S e 53°22 25,61 W), and it included a survey of the problems occurring in the embankments, establishing criteria for the selection of plant species, the search and selection of plant species with desirable traits, field testing the four selected species and observation of key environmental aspects. The main problems found were: laminar and furrow erosion and lack of slope stability, caused mainly by the lack of vegetation cover, excessive slope of the ramp, excessive runoff, desiccation, use and maintenance of inadequate techniques. The criteria for species selection involved biotechnical, biological, ecological and socioeconomic aspects, prioritized according to the needs of each case. The species Ipomea cairica, Pyrostegia venusta, Hedera canariensis, Mikania glomerata, Baccharis trimera, Petunia integrifolia, Rhynchosia corylifolia, Acanthospermun australe, Sambucus australis, Ateleia glazioviana, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Lagerstroemia indica, for their occurrences, frequencies, forms and growths, showed potential for use in the biotechnical management of slopes. The slopes can vary in fertility, temperature and humidity at levels that can impair the development of natural or cultivated revegetation. The geographic orientation of the slope and the occurrence of trees can significantly influence these factors. Ateleia glazioveana, Baccharis trimera, Pyrostegia venusta e Cynodom plectostachyus, exhibited characteristics that make them suitable for uses in the biotechnical management of slopes in oxisol soils. According to the conditions under which the trials were conducted, it can be concluded that: the results confirmed the hypothesis that there are species in southern Brazil suitable for biotechnical management and restoration of degraded areas and slopes that are not conventionally used. For growing plants on the slope, it is recommended the use of seedlings, soil fertilization and planting in periods less stringent, as important practices to ensure good survival, accelerate vegetative growth and optimize the protective effects during early development. Further studies on the biotechnical management of these species in slopes, especially on the efficiency of different methods of propagation, and the best ways of deployment and use are suggested. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral investigar a aptidão de espécies de plantas para o manejo biotécnico de taludes em latossolo. Os estudos iniciaram em março de 2009, na região de Cruz Alta-RS, Sul do Brasil (28°23 28,14 S e 53°22 25,61 O), incluindo o levantamento dos problemas ocorrentes nos taludes, a fixação de critérios para a escolha de espécies vegetais, a busca e seleção de espécies vegetais com características desejáveis, o teste a campo de quatro espécies selecionadas e a observação de aspectos ambientais relevantes. Os principais tipos de problemas encontrados foram: erosão laminar e por sulcos e falta de estabilidade do talude, causados principalmente pela falta de cobertura vegetal, inclinação excessiva da rampa, escoamento de águas de montante, dessecação, uso e manutenção de técnicas deficientes. Os critérios de seleção de espécies envolveram aspectos biotécnicos, biológicos, ecológicos e socioeconômicos, priorizados de acordo com as necessidades de cada caso. As espécies Ipomea cairica, Pyrostegia venusta, Hedera canariensis, Mikania glomerata, Baccharis trimera, Petunia integrifolia, Rhynchosia corylifolia, Acanthospermun australe, Sambucus australis, Ateleia glazioviana, Hibiscus rosasinensis e Lagerstroemia indica, pelas suas ocorrências, freqüências, formas e crescimentos, apresentaram potencial de uso no manejo biotécnico de taludes. Os taludes podem apresentar variações de fertilidade, temperatura e umidade em níveis capazes de comprometer o desenvolvimento da revegetação natural ou cultivada. A orientação geográfica do talude e a ocorrência de arborização podem influenciar significativamente estes fatores. Ateleia glazioveana, Baccharis trimera, Pyrostegia venusta e Cynodom plectostachyus, apresentaram características que as tornam aptas para o emprego no manejo biotécnico de taludes em latossolo. De acordo com as condições em que os estudos foram realizados, pode-se concluir que os resultados obtidos permitem confirmar a hipótese de que há espécies vegetais no sul do Brasil aptas para o manejo biotécnico e recuperação de áreas degradadas em taludes e que ainda não são convencionalmente utilizadas; para o cultivo de plantas em talude, recomenda-se o emprego de mudas, a fertilização do solo e o plantio nos períodos menos rigorosos, como práticas importantes para garantir boa sobrevivência, acelerar o crescimento vegetativo e otimizar os efeitos protetores, durante o período inicial de desenvolvimento. Sugerem-se maiores estudos sobre o manejo biotécnico destas espécies em taludes, principalmente quanto à eficiência dos diferentes métodos de propagação e das melhores formas de implantação e utilização.