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Self-Determination Theory (SDT) research on goal pursuit indicates that people with intrinsic goal pursuits experience greater well-being than those with extrinsic goal pursuits. Three nutriments have been suggested by SDT that facilitate intrinsic motivation: autonomy, competence and relatedness. These nutriments, considered social conditions by SDT, have been understudied. However, recent SDT research and the small literature on goal support in relationships suggest that social aspects of goal pursuit are quite relevant and warrant further investigation. This study examined interpersonal dimensions of goal pursuit including Goal Support, Shared Goals, Communal Strength and Generativity. This interpersonal cluster was examined in the context of "active involvement with others" in order to enrich our understanding of the link between goal pursuit and psychological well-being. This study was the first to explore these interpersonal dimensions of goal pursuit and well-being in the context of SDT. Correlations explored the relationships among the interpersonal dimensions and regression analyses were used to explore moderating effects the interpersonal dimensions had on the relationship between self-concordant (intrinsic/extrinsic) goal pursuit and well-being. Shared goal orientation was the only dimension to act as a moderator. Implications include continuing to identify the active role of others in one's goal pursuits and adding further understanding to the relationship between goal pursuit and well-being.

This study has demonstrated that the phenomenon of acoustic emission can be used to detect and monitor first time deformation characteristics in stiff, heavily-overconsolidated clay soils. The results from two field studies are presented and discussed with the aim of identifying the mechanisms responsible for the generation of acoustic emission. The first study, conducted at the Building Research Establishment's test site at Cowden (Humberside), was a section of cliff, naturally eroded by sea action. The second study, conducted in a 'moth-balled' brick-pit in Arlesey (Bedfordshire), was a large scale test in which instability was induced in a cut slope (in the Gault Clay) by cutting away at the toe. A number of different designs of wave guide were installed at both sites in order to determine the relative performance of each and, also, to provide further insight into the generation mechanisms. Some consideration has also been given to the effect of alternative data processing techniques. The results obtained indicate that the active wave guide model is the more appropriate in explaining the occurrence of acoustic emission and this finding is supported by the results of laboratory tests designed to replicate the perceived role of the wave guide in the field. In itself, identification of the generation mechanism is a result but, more importantly, understanding of the mechanics enables the design of monitoring systems which are suited to particular geotechnical conditions. Some comparison is also made between acoustic emission and standard methods of deformation monitoring. It is observed that acoustic emission can detect and clearly indicate disturbances at the same time as standard methods record such small magnitudes of movement as to be indistinguishable from instrument error. Additionally, a number of triaxial shear tests were conducted on a selection of soils which illustrates that different soils do exhibit different acoustic characteristics. Finally, this study demonstrates the feasibility of envelope processing using analogue to digital signal conversion both in the field and laboratory. Four published papers pertaining to work described within this thesis are appended.

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<p> A response conditioned to a specific stimulus will generalize to similar stimuli. Various reports have indicated that the slope of the gradient of generalization changes over a period of time. The experiments reported here investigated the generalization of an emotional response, originally conditioned to an 80 db. white noise to a 60 db. white noise. In different groups the tests for generalization were begun immediately after conditioning or after a 4 day waiting period. In further groups the animals' time during the delay period was variously taken up with bar pressing sessions; new conditioning trials with a light CS; unsignalled shock presentations, or they merely stayed in their home cages.</p> / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

[pt] No presente trabalho realizou-se a implementação de um programa de análise de estabilidade de encostas incluindo aspectos não convencionais tais como ruptura progressiva, anisotropia de resistência e considerações de não saturação do solo. O método generalizado das cunhas de Sarma 79 foi utilizado para consideração destes aspectos, tomando-o como base para o desenvolvimento desta nova ferramenta analítica, aplicável ao estudo da estabilidade de encostas em solos residuais não saturados. A simulação dos efeitos da ruptura progressiva foi realizada a partir do trabalho desenvolvido por Huaman (1991), na Puc-Rio. O programa desenvolvido apresenta rotinas de geração automática da superfície de ruptura e do conjunto das inclinações críticas das interfaces das cunhas, além de diversas formas de consideração das poropressões, incluindo a possibilidade de ocorrência da sucção. Além do critério de ruptura de Mohr-Coulomb foi implementado um modelo anisotrópico de resistência que permite a representação de uma anisotropia que pode existir, mesmo em solos homogêneos, de acordo com a metodologia apresentada por Bicalho (1991). Os resultados obtidos através das rotinas implementadas foram comparados com os existentes na literatura, resultantes de análises realizadas por outros métodos de análise, comprovando desta forma, a eficiência do programa desenvolvido neste trabalho. / [en] Here a computer software including non traditional issues as progressive failure, anisotropy and unsaturated soil for general slope stability analysis is implemented.The generalized method Sarma 79 was the base to consider these non-traditional issues on this new tool for the slope stability study of unsaturated residual soils.The progressive failure simulation effects were carried out following Huaman (1991) in his work at PUC-Rio, and aspects of anisotropy followed the work by Bicalho (1991). The computer program has subroutines that automatically construct the critical failure surfaces of any shape and the critical inclination of wedges set besides several ways of considering water pressures and suction ocurring. The strength anisotropy model allows to consider micro structural anisotropy within the context of the Mohr- Coulomb failure criterion. The results from the developed tool were compared with ones published on the current literature.

This thesis is an investigation of how to achieve walkability over steep urban topography greater than Americans with Disabilities Act accessible 8.33% standard. I studied how landscape architects and architects have overcome challenging topography in a variety of international cities and how to increase connectivity in the steep terrain of Washington D.C.'s Anacostia neighborhood. Specifically, this thesis explores the roles of staircases in the city and how staircases can enhance the experience of moving through the city. Topographic changes can be an obstacle to walk on: the steeper the path the harder it is to move through it, which in turn may encourage a person to use a car to travel between low and high points in the city. My hypothesis is that steep topography can be an enhancement to walkability in the city. The experience of traveling through steep terrain is unique as it can provide visually engaging environment of walking, including expansive views of the city, engaging architecture, and physical exercise. To test this hypothesis, I designed two distinct routes over steep topography to connect the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site, the Smithsonian's Anacostia Community Museum, a sports field, and the Fort Stanton Recreation Center. The paths respond to L'Enfant's method for laying out the city in "diagonal avenues superimposed over a grid system" (Nps.gov, 2018) and the very steep terrain of Anacostia, which seems to defy in places the orthagonal and axial relationships underlying L'Enfant's plan. Drawing on both L'Enfant's ordering scheme of the city and the given form of the two hundred foot escarpment above Anacostia, the design demonstrates that paths through steep terrain can be a great asset, revealing the larger order of the city through views to the monumental core, bringing people through the native forest, making more direct connections between the civic infrastructure, including the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site and the Smithsonian's Anacostia Community Museum. It shows that expanding the notion of walkability to include terrain that is not ADA accessible is important, and can be the impetus for the strategic inclusion of accessible paths where the topography permits. / Master of Landscape Architecture / This thesis is an investigation of how to create walkable spaces over steep topography in Washington, D.C. By steep topography, I concentrated on grade changes that are greater than the steepest slopes allowed in construction so that anyone can access the site. I studied how landscape architects and architects have overcome challenging topography in a variety of international cities and how to increase connectivity in the steep terrain of Washington D.C.’s Anacostia neighborhood. Specifically, this thesis explores the roles of staircases in the city and how staircases can enhance the experience of moving through the city. Walkscore’s walkability map presents a unique view of the city where walkable parts follow the topography of the city. Topographic changes can be an obstacle to walk on: the steeper the path the harder it is to move through it, which in turn may encourage a person to use a car to travel between low and high points in the city. My hypothesis is that steep topography can be an enhancement to walkability in the city. The experience of traveling through steep terrain is unique as it can provide visually engaging environment of walking, including expansive views of the city, engaging architecture, and physical exercise. To test this hypothesis, I designed two distinct routes over steep topography to connect the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site, the Smithsonian’s Anacostia Community Museum, a sports field, and the Fort Stanton Recreation Center. The paths respond to the method for laying out the city in “diagonal avenues superimposed over a grid system” (Nps.gov, 2018) established by Pierre L’Enfant, the designer of Washington, D.C., over the steep terrain of Anacostia, which seems to defy in places the orthagonal and axial relationships underlying L’Enfant’s plan. Drawing on both L’Enfant’s ordering scheme of the city and the given form of the two hundred foot escarpment above Anacostia, the design demonstrates that paths through steep terrain can be a great asset, revealing the larger order of the city through views to the monumental core, bringing people through the native forest, making more direct connections between the civic infrastructure, including the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site and the Smithsonian’s Anacostia Community Museum. It shows that expanding the notion of walkability to include terrain that is not universally accessible is important, and can be the impetus for the strategic inclusion of accessible paths where the topography permits.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries