Thesis (M.A.)--Rowan University, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 313-356). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006.

Class of 2005 Abstract / Objectives: To assess students’ confidence levels about smoking cessation implementation from different types of training experience and assess what factors contribute the strongest towards successful interventions for students in the practice setting. Methods: The project design involved the administration of a questionnaire for students distributed by the investigator to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year University of AZ College of pharmacy students. Section I provided a grid which asked the student to fill in how many hours of each tobacco cessation training areas they had completed. Section II was focused on how the student addressed these issues in their work setting, and used confidence intervals to identify how confident they were in addressing these issues with patients. Section III focused on work history and addressed issues such as work hours, exposure to patients, counseling opportunities, etc., to get a feel for how active the students were in counseling at their worksite. Section IV of the questionnaire addressed the student’s demographic characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, marital status, and age. Question 18 at the end of Section IV provided the student space for constructive comments about the survey. Results: Scores were derived from the surveys and confidence intervals were compared to total training time using a Pearson r. The third year students were significantly more confident (p < 0.035) for all aspects of counseling, asking, advising, assessing readiness, arranging, and monitoring. Third year students were also more confident than second year students in all aspects of counseling except asking. The differences between the first and second years were not significant for any of the aspects of counseling (p > 0.05). Third year students also had significantly more experience (2.9 years) than first (1.1 years) or second (1.8 years) year students (p = 0.001). Correlations were drawn to compare confidence and: total training hours, work experience, times counseled; to correlate training time and times counseled, and to compare work experience to actual times counseled. The highest correlation drawn to actual times counseled was shown to be total training time, suggesting this is the most important predictor of patient counseling for pharmacy students. ANOVA tests were used to assess any differences in demographics between year of student categories. Implications: Students effectively counseling patients on smoking cessation is most closely related with formal training they complete, rather than how confident they feel or how knowledgeable they are about the effects of smoking.

This thesis is concerned with the issue of smoking in the surgical population. Globally, over 300 million adults undergo surgery annually and around 60 million are smokers. The population impact of this is enormous. Moreover, smoking increases postoperative complications and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Smoking rates are declining in the general population; but remains higher among surgical populations. Despite being an important modifiable risk factor, and the availability of treatments for smoking, many patients presenting for surgery still smoke and many resume smoking after surgery. Importantly, unfortunately in surgical settings, the implementation of evidence-based cessation interventions is still suboptimal. The time around surgery is a “teachable moment” and surgical guidelines recommend that all patients who smoke should be provided with evidence-based smoking cessation assistance. This thesis seeks to answers the following questions: What are the factors that determine abstinence from smoking after surgery? What is (are) the best smoking cessation intervention(s) in the surgical setting? What factors constitute barriers and facilitators to the implementation of effective smoking cessation interventions? Is cytisine effective for smoking cessation? Will the use of cytisine and behavioral counselling delivered via personalized video messaging increase abstinence from smoking at 6 months post-randomization among surgical patients? Using a variety of research methodologies, the data provided across the 5 papers in this thesis inform these knowledge gaps. Chapter 1 is an introduction providing the rationale for conducting each of the included studies. Chapter 2 is a secondary analysis from the Vascular events in Noncardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation (VISION) study that evaluated the determinants of smoking abstinence in a representative sample of patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. Chapter 3 is a systematic review, pairwise meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating preoperative smoking cessation interventions. Chapter 4 is a scoping review that explores the barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation in the surgical setting. Chapter 5 is a systematic review and meta-analysis of cytisine for smoking cessation Chapter 6 reports on the rationale and design of the PeRiopEratiVE smokiNg CessaTion (PREVENT) randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of cytisine versus placebo, and in a 2x2 factorial, personalized video messaging versus standard care for smoking cessation among adults undergoing surgery. Chapter 7 is the conclusion chapter wherein I discuss the key findings, limitations, and implications of the research presented in this PhD thesis. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Up to 1 in 7 adults having surgery are cigarette smokers. Smoking increases the risk of complications after surgery and negatively impacts patient’s health and survival in the long term. Patients who are smokers have to stop smoking while in hospital for their surgery but majority of them resume smoking right after surgery. This is a missed opportunity to turn enforced temporary abstinence from smoking to permanent abstinence. It is informative to understand the factors that determine this resumption of smoking after temporary abstinence, determine the most effective interventions to help smokers quit smoking permanently and importantly, understand the barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation in surgical settings. Additionally, the current methods for smoking cessation are sub-optimally utilized in surgical settings. We need further research to evaluate new interventions, and ways of delivering smoking cessation care for smokers undergoing surgery. The studies in this thesis inform on these knowledge gaps.

No description available.

For the past quarter century, the public has been educated and warned about the dangers of smoking, and both smokers and health researchers have been in search of cost-effective, smoking cessation programs that will lead to long-term cessation. This study used a randomized experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of adding Web-based support materials to a nationally sponsored self-help smoking intervention. There was no significant increase in abstinence rates nor progression through the stages of change by those participants who had access to the Web site. However, there were some overall significant trends that suggested these self-help interventions were successful at decreasing daily rates of smoking and nicotine dependency, as well as tended to encourage repeated quit attempts. Although Web-based supports did not appear to increase the effectiveness of the nationally sponsored self-help intervention, this study demonstrated overall 12 week follow-up abstinence rates of 30-32%--greater than what might be expected, given average success rates of other self-help interventions. This study also supports the notion that women may face additional barriers to smoking cessation. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 179 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-164).

Thesis (M.A.)--Humboldt State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-51). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.