Le KRN 7000 a une action antitumorale due à la stimulation du système immunitaire. Il agit sur les maladies auto-immunes, les infections bactériennes et parasitaires. Il est donc capital d’avoir des analogues plus sélectifs. Le but de cette thèse est de former des analogues originaux contraints de céramides précurseurs de dérivés du KRN 7000, en bloquant la conformation entre les chaînes grasses pour moduler la réponse immunitaire Th1 ou Th2. La stratégie de synthèse utilise une réaction d’hétérocycloaddition [4+2] entre une Nvinyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one chirale et un hétérodiène munis tous deux d’une chaîne grasse. Dans tous les cas, avec l’Eu(fod)3 le cycloadduit formé majoritairement est l’endo alpha alors qu’avec SnCl4, c’est l’endo Bêta. Divers analogues de céramides ont été préparés via un enchaînement de réactions : hydroboration/oxydation, élimination de la copule chirale, obtention de la lactone puis du lactame. Une glycosylation finale permettra d’accéder aux analogues galactosylés. / KRN7000 anti-tumor activity is due to immune system stimulation. It acts on autoimmunes diseases, bacterial and parasitic infections. Hence is needed the development of more selective analogues. The aim of this thesis is to form original constrained analogues of ceramides, KRN7000 derivatives precursors in restraining the conformation between the fatty chains to modulate the immune response Th1 or Th2. The synthetic approach is based on a heterocycloaddition [4+2] reaction between a chiral N-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one and a heterodiene, both bearing one fatty chain. In all cases, the major formed cycloadduct is endo with Eu(fod)3 whereas with SnCl4, it is endo . Various analogues of ceramides have been prepared via a reactions cascade: hydroboration/oxidation, chiral auxillary removal, formation of the desired lactone then lactame. A final glycosylation will allow having access to galactosyl analogues.

Le KRN 7000 a une action antitumorale due à la stimulation du système immunitaire. Il agit sur les maladies auto-immunes, les infections bactériennes et parasitaires. Il est donc capital d'avoir des analogues plus sélectifs. Le but de cette thèse est de former des analogues originaux contraints de céramides précurseurs de dérivés du KRN 7000, en bloquant la conformation entre les chaînes grasses pour moduler la réponse immunitaire Th1 ou Th2. La stratégie de synthèse utilise une réaction d'hétérocycloaddition [4+2] entre une Nvinyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one chirale et un hétérodiène munis tous deux d'une chaîne grasse. Dans tous les cas, avec l'Eu(fod)3 le cycloadduit formé majoritairement est l'endo alpha alors qu'avec SnCl4, c'est l'endo Bêta. Divers analogues de céramides ont été préparés via un enchaînement de réactions : hydroboration/oxydation, élimination de la copule chirale, obtention de la lactone puis du lactame. Une glycosylation finale permettra d'accéder aux analogues galactosylés.

Abstract Aqueous solution containing tin chloride as precusor was traditionally added with NH3(aq) to promote hydrolysis and hence condensation. This results in a particulate sol which possesses little viscosity and the aggregation of precusor particles makes the subsequcently spin-coated thin film very rough in the surface and poorly-adhered with the substrate. One objective of this work is to improve the film quality by refluxing the sol to reduce precursor aggregation, enhance hydrolysis and promote HCl(g) evaporation. Experimtntal results show that, after refluxing the sol with DI-water or methanol as solvent, one obtains better films when basic sol (NH3(aq) added) and SnCl2 precursor is used instead of acidic sol (HCl(aq)added) and SnCl4 precursor. Moreover, to further reduce the effect of Cl¡Ð ion in aggregation and increase viscosity, ethylene glycol was used as solvent and two-stage heating-stirring of the sol in 80 oC and 130 oC ~150 oC was carried out to promote generation of H2O(g) and HCl(g). The evaporation of H2O(g) and HCl(g) enhances the polymerization of precursor and increase the viscosity of the sol. The aggregation caused by Cl¡Ð ions is thus reduced due to the steric effect present in the polymerical sol. XRD, SEM, FT-IR , TGA and DSC were used to examine the evolution from sol to films. FT-IR results show that absorbtion peaks of the xerogel appear at 636 cm-1(O-Sn-O) and 500 cm-1 (Sn-O). XRD results of the calcined (4 hr) powders show that rutile (SnO2) crystallization starts at 200 oC for that derived from the SnCl2-containing sol while powder derived from the SnCl4-containing sol starts crystallization at 250 oC. However, grain growth is faster in powder derived from SnCl4-containing sol as their XRD peaks become sharper than that corresponding to SnCl2 precursor as calcination temperature is raised. Based on the examination of the evolution process, it is concluded that SnCl2 polymerizes in ethylene glycol as a one dimensional chain while SnCl4 forming a 3-D network after polymerizing in ethylene glycol.