Several studies conducted on home advantage in sport have focused on game location and performance outcome. The purpose of this study was to examine three components of home advantage, such as the effect that game location has on self-efficacy, a critical psychological state, and assertive play, a critical behavioral state. Participants (N = 21) from one mid-sized, midwest, Division I soccer program completed the Modified State Sport-Confidence Inventory (MSSCI) prior to six home conference games and six away conference games. In addition, all 12-conference games were observed and coded according to four assertive behaviors of soccer players. Data were analyzed using a permutation test and Spearman's Rho with a level of significance set at .05. Results indicated there was no significant difference in self-efficacy between home and away games and no significant difference in assertive play between home and away games. No significance relationship was found for self-efficacy and assertive play. Possible limitations along with recommendations for the future are discussed. / School of Physical Education

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-30T14:48:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Luís César de Souza - 2014.pdf: 1481655 bytes, checksum: f4e72c8a00a5fbaddf7feef5e909b2e4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-30T14:49:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Luís César de Souza - 2014.pdf: 1481655 bytes, checksum: f4e72c8a00a5fbaddf7feef5e909b2e4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-30T14:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Luís César de Souza - 2014.pdf: 1481655 bytes, checksum: f4e72c8a00a5fbaddf7feef5e909b2e4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Attributed to organized fan clubs, the violence in soccer matches has been regularly and widely broadcasted by the media, however, this debate is laden with controversies about the responsibility of those scuffles, their motivations and authorships. In view of this, the theme whose reflections of this thesis are developed upon, are the mediations – the apparent and non apparent ones – that are established between the actions of organized soccer fans, the violence in football-entertainment produced by the cultural industry and contemporary society. Our broader objective was to realize some motivations for violence in soccer matches from organized football fan clubs’ demonstrations of the three most prominent teams in the State of Goiás: Atlético Clube Goianiense, Goiás Esporte Clube e Vila Nova Futebol Clube. Major studies on the phenomenon indicate that the violence can’t be observed as “from” soccer, but "in" soccer matches. However, from a critical theory of the Frankfurt School's society, particularly on the reflections of H. Marcuse, T. W. Adorno e M. Horkheimer, we argue that violence has a social cause, it finds relations on the individual, therefore, it’s dependent on the social context and gets a new meaning due the subjective dynamics. As violence in soccer matches and scuffles between organized fans are the obvious aspect of this phenomenon, we consider them as the "starting point". We fell back upon the empirical research to follow up the role that those organized fan clubs play in the expansion of violence and to understand how the main subjects involved in this process realize the phenomenon. We have observed matches of those three teams in state and national competitions; we’ve interviewed presidents, directors, members and former members of organized fan clubs, club officers, people in charge of the stadium security; television media workers, and a questionnaire was applied to the more organic members of those fan clubs. Among the main discussion, we highlight, in broad scenery, the intensification of soccer as an article of trade in the age of media spectacle, shaping a scenario of cultural soccer industry, and the formation of individuality in those administered societies that seem to be more available to belong to clusters of people. Specifically, we highlight the conflicts of organized fan clubs with the police and the media, the manifestation of hypothetically uncontrollable feelings, the revelation that the scuffles are tolerated under certain circumstances and the emphasis on that the violence in soccer matches is due to a minority of criminals infiltrated in fan clubs, reason why the repression and punishment were the most remembered actions to fight it – to the detriment of cultural background or structural inequalities stimulated by the current social production style. As a "finish point", we have sought the contradictions hidden behind the motivations and justifications for the scuffles and we emphasize the fundamental role of the education as a counterpoint to violence and barbarism. This thesis was supervised by the teacher Ph.D. Sílvia Rosa Silva Zanolla and developed in the research line of Culture and Educational Processes of Doctorate in Education at the UFG – Universidade Federal de Goiás. / A violência no futebol atribuída às torcidas organizadas tem sido recorrente e amplamente divulgada pelos meios de comunicação, todavia, esse debate é carregado de controvérsias sobre a responsabilidade dos confrontos, suas motivações e autorias. Diante disso, o tema em torno do qual as reflexões desta tese se desenvolvem são as mediações – perceptíveis e não evidentes – que se estabelecem entre as ações de torcedores organizados, a violência no futebol espetáculo produzido pela indústria cultural e a sociedade contemporânea. Nosso objetivo mais amplo foi compreender algumas motivações da violência no futebol a partir das manifestações de torcedores organizados dos três times de maior destaque em Goiás: Atlético Clube Goianiense, Goiás Esporte Clube e Vila Nova Futebol Clube. Os principais estudos sobre o fenômeno assinalam que a violência não pode ser considerada como “do” futebol, mas “no” futebol. Contudo, a partir da teoria crítica da sociedade da Escola de Frankfurt, sobretudo pelas reflexões de H. Marcuse, T. W. Adorno e M. Horkheimer, argumentamos que se a violência tem uma causa social, ela encontra correspondência no indivíduo, sendo, portanto, tributária do contexto social objetivo e ressignificada pela dinâmica subjetiva. Como a violência no futebol e os confrontos entre torcedores organizados constituem a face evidente do fenômeno, os consideramos como “ponto de partida”. Recorremos à investigação empírica para acompanhar o papel que as torcidas organizadas desempenham na ampliação da violência e entender como os principais sujeitos envolvidos nesse processo percebem o fenômeno. Observamos jogos em competições estadual e nacional dos três times; entrevistamos presidentes, diretores, membros e ex-membros das torcidas organizadas; dirigentes de clubes; responsáveis pela segurança no estádio; profissionais da mídia televisiva; além do uso de questionário com os membros mais orgânicos dessas torcidas. Entre as principais discussões, destacamos, num plano amplo, a intensificação do futebol como mercadoria na era do espetáculo midiático, configurando um cenário de indústria cultural do futebol, e a formação da individualidade nas sociedades administradas que se mostra mais disponível para pertencer a agrupamentos de massa. De modo específico, ressaltamos os conflitos dos torcedores organizados com a polícia e com a mídia, a manifestação de sentimentos supostamente incontroláveis, a revelação de que os confrontos são tolerados sob certas circunstâncias e a ênfase no argumento de que a violência no futebol se deve a uma minoria de criminosos infiltrados nas torcidas, motivo pelo qual a repressão e a punição foram as medidas mais lembradas para combatê-la – em detrimento da formação cultural ou das desigualdades estruturais engendradas pelo modo de produção social vigente. Como “ponto de chegada”, procuramos pelas contradições que se escondem por trás das motivações e justificativas para os confrontos e ressaltamos o papel fundamental da educação como contraponto à violência e à barbárie. Esta tese foi orientada pela Profª. Drª. Sílvia Rosa Silva Zanolla e desenvolvida na linha de pesquisa Cultura e Processos Educativos do Doutorado em Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás.