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O debate de Amartya Sen com Kenneth Arrow e John Rawls e a abordagem das capacidades / The Amartya Sen s debate with Kenneth Arrow and John Rawls and the capability approachBeltrame, Bruno 19 May 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this dissertation is to inquire in what sense it is reasonable to
locate in Kenneth Arrow s social choice theory and in John Rawls theory
of justice the two main theoretical roots of Amartya Sen s capability
approach.
It will be argued that Arrow s social choice theory had the role of revealing
the main deficiencies of the welfare economics theory. Thus, Arrow s
analysis points the limitations to be fulfilled in order to arrive at
satisfactory theory of social choice indicating, in this sense, the paths to
be pursued.
In the same manner, it is argued that Ralws theory of justice provided
important elements that inspirated certain ethical positions present in
Amartya Sen s thought, which appear in his approach to the problem of
social choice.
To conclude, the main features of the capability approach that can be
directly associated with these two theoretical origins are exposed, and it is
argued that Sen s theory simultaneously solves the deficiencies pointed by
him in the theoretical structure of Arrow s social choice and embodies,
even though in a modified way, elements of Rawls thought / O objetivo dessa dissertação é investigar em que sentido é pertinente
localizar na teoria da escolha social de Kenneth Arrow e na teoria da justiça
de John Rawls as duas principais raízes teóricas da abordagem das
capacidades de Amartya Sen.
Argumentar-se-á que a teoria da escolha social de Arrow cumpriu o papel
de explicitar as deficiências da teoria econômica do bem-estar. Desse
modo, as análises de Arrow apontam as limitações a serem superadas para
se chegar a uma teoria satisfatória da escolha social indicando em certa
medida rumos a serem seguidos.
Da mesma maneira argumenta-se que a teoria da justiça de Rawls forneceu
elementos importantes que inspiraram certos posicionamentos éticos
evidentes no pensamento de Amartya Sen e que se refletem em suas
análises da escolha social.
Por fim são apresentadas as principais características da abordagem das
capacidades que podem ser diretamente associados a estas duas origens
teóricas, e será argumentado que a teoria de Sen ao mesmo tempo
soluciona as deficiências apontadas por ele na estrutura teórica da escolha
social de Arrow e incorpora, ainda que de forma modificada, elementos
presentes no pensamento de Rawls
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Control room agents : an information-theoretic approachVan der Westhuizen, Petra Laura 28 February 2007 (has links)
In this thesis, a particular class of agent is singled out for examination. In order to provide
a guiding metaphor, we speak of control room agents. Our focus is on rational decision-
making by such agents, where the circumstances obtaining are such that rationality is
bounded. Control room agents, whether human or non-human, need to reason and act
in a changing environment with only limited information available to them. Determining
the current state of the environment is a central concern for control room agents if they
are to reason and act sensibly. A control room agent cannot plan its actions without
having an internal representation (epistemic state) of its environment, and cannot make
rational decisions unless this representation, to some level of accuracy, reflects the state
of its environment. The focus of this thesis is on three aspects regarding the epistemic
functioning of a control room agent:
1. How should the epistemic state of a control room agent be represented in order to
facilitate logical analysis?
2. How should a control room agent change its epistemic state upon receiving new
information?
3. How should a control room agent combine available information from different
sources?
In describing the class of control room agents as first-order intentional systems hav-
ing both informational and motivational attitudes, an agent-oriented view is adopted.
The central construct used in the information-theoretic approach, which is qualitative in
nature, is the concept of a templated ordering.
Representing the epistemic state of a control room agent by a (special form of) tem-
plated ordering signals a departure from the many approaches in which only the beliefs
of an agent are represented. Templated orderings allow for the representation of both
knowledge and belief.
A control room agent changes its epistemic state according to a proposed epistemic
change algorithm, which allows the agent to select between two well-established forms of
belief change operations, namely, belief revision and belief update.
The combination of (possibly conflicting) information from different sources has re-
ceived a lot of attention in recent years. Using templated orderings for the semantic
representation of information, a new family of purely qualitative merging operations is
developed. / School of Computing / Ph. D. (Computer Science)
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