A pesquisa analisa as formas como as estratégias de mobilidade social dos policiais militares se articulam com o pertencimento à Polícia Militar do Pará. Procurou-se examinar as trajetórias individuais por meio dos papéis desses policiais no âmbito doméstico-familiar e das chances no mercado de trabalho, para compreender a característica do recrutamento institucional, e, por outro lado, analisar as trajetórias possíveis a partir do acesso à corporação policial-militar. Para tanto, a pesquisa apoiou-se na análise morfológica das distintas posições, sucessivamente, ocupadas pelos policiais, e na comparação entre suas trajetórias com base nos dados referentes à família de origem, escolaridade, ocupações pretéritas no mercado de trabalho, percepção sobre o acesso à corporação e à mobilidade interna com base em dados estatutários grau hierárquico e cargos funcionais. Foram entrevistados 22 praças e oito oficiais, dentre estes três mulheres, todas praças. Os resultados apontaram para a atração majoritária de homens com baixa escolaridade e vindos de ocupações precárias e desqualificadas para o estrato de praças; e de homens com o ensino superior incompleto e completo para o estrato de oficiais. Os praças dependem da continuidade da relação salarial assegurada pelo cargo público, e tendem a permanecer na mesma posição social após o ingresso na instituição, enquanto aos oficiais são possíveis trajetórias de mobilidade social vertical. A dependência social do estrato de praças é justificada internamente por uma retórica familiar, que representa a filiação institucional como uma associação moral baseada na honra familiar dos policiais, que os expõe ao paternalismo do corpo de oficiais e bloqueia suas chances de ascensão social. / The research analyzes the forms of associations of social mobility of the military police are articulated with the belonging to the Military Police of Pará. It was sought to examine individual trajectories through the roles of these police officers in the domestic-family environment and the chances in the labor market to understand the characteristics of institutional recruitment and, on the other hand, to analyze the possible trajectories from access to the corporation. In order to do so, the research was based on the morphological analysis of the different positions, in turn, occupied by the police, and on the comparison between their trajectories based on data referring to the family of origin, schooling, past occupations in the labor market, perception about access to corporate and internal mobility based on statutory data - hierarchical degree and functional positions. Twenty-two enlisted soldiers and eight comissioned officers were interviewed, these are three women, all enlisted. The results pointed to the majority attraction of men with low schooling and coming from precarious and disqualified occupations to the stratum of enlisted soldiers; and men with incomplete and complete higher education for the officers stratum. The enlisted depend on the continuity of the salary relationship assured by the public officers, and tend to remain in the same social position after joining the institution, while officials are possible trajectories of vertical social mobility. The social dependence of the stratum of enlisted soldiers is internally justified by a familiar rhetoric, which represents institutional affiliation as a moral association based on the family honor of the policemen, which exposes them to the paternalism of the corps of officers and blocks their chances of social ascension.

Est-il possible d’empêcher par un mécanisme solidaire que la dépendance médicale, soit le fait d’avoir besoin d’une aide pour effectuer les actes de la vie quotidienne, ne se transforme en dépendance sociale? Est-il possible que dans le même temps l’on parvienne à préserver l’idéal d’autonomie pour les personnes âgées dépendantes? Dans le contexte actuel, l’autonomie des personnes âgées dépendantes apparaît comme un véritable enjeu puisque celui-ci porte avec lui la possibilité pour ces personnes de rester maîtres de leur vie, aptes à prendre des décisions. Cette thèse examine la question de l’autonomie tant sous un angle théorique que pratique et montre sous quelles conditions son effectivité est possible. Plus particulièrement, cette thèse met en évidence (i) les conditions de réalisation de l’autonomie décisionnelle: disponibilité des aidants et aménagement de l’espace architectural, (ii) les enjeux notionnels autour du concept de dépendance: différenciation du concept d’autonomie, rapprochement avec celui de handicap, mise en avant de situations de dépendance (iii) les caractéristiques de la relation aidant-aidé qui oscille entre relation asymétrique et relation réciproque, (iv) l’importance du rôle joué par les acteurs individuels et institutionnels dans la réalisation de l’autonomie, (v) l’analyse des situations qui mettent à mal la liberté comme non-domination: consentement à l’entrée en institution, refus de soins, contention, attitude paternaliste, (vi) une éthique de la solidarité. Pour prémunir les personnes âgées contre des situations de domination sociale, il nous semble important d’appréhender celles-ci avant tout comme des personnes. / Is it possible to avoid, through a solidarity mechanism, that medical dependence (needing help to perform daily activities) be converted into social dependence? Is it possible to do so in such a way that we preserve the ideal of autonomy for the dependent elderly? In the present context, the autonomy of the dependent elderly appears as a real challenge because it conveys the notion of an opportunity for these people to remain in control of their lives, able to make decisions. This thesis examines the question of autonomy both in theoretical and practical terms, and shows the conditions under which its effectiveness is possible. Specifically, this thesis highlights (i) the conditions of implementation for decision-making autonomy: the presence of caregivers and developments in architectural space, (ii) the notional issues surrounding the concept of dependency: differentiation of the concept of autonomy , connections with disability and, especially, situations of dependence (iii) the characteristics of the caregiver-relationship that oscillates between asymmetrical and reciprocal relationship, (iv) the important role played by individual and institutional actors in the achievement of independence, (v) the analysis of situations that undermine freedom as non-domination such as consent-giving (in connection with nursing homes), denial of care, coercive restraint, paternalism, (vi) the ethics of solidarity. In order to protect the elderly against social domination situations, it seems that our apprehension of them as individuals first is crucial.