Orientador: Laercio Fidelis Dias / Banca: Antônio Mendes da Costa Braga / Banca: Miriam Cláudia Lourenção Simonetti / Banca: Roque de Barros Laraia / Banca: Mônica Celeida Rabelo Nogueira / Resumo: A presente tese é um estudo etnográfico do grupo Mẽtyktire (Kayapó), na Terra Indígena Capoto/Jarina, aldeia Piaraçú, Norte do estado de Mato Grosso, a partir da categoria vernácula kukràdjà que, etimologicamente, significa algo que leva muito tempo para aprender. Por um lado, o termo é correlacionado com o significado de 'cultura', com aspas, um produto da autoconsciência étnica e um operador nos processos de demanda por direitos. Por outro, significa o "modo de ser", a maneira como os sujeitos veem o mundo a partir de sua cosmologia, um sistema de incorporação significativo dinâmico, como experimentam o vivido enquanto ser/estar no tempo/espaço e como agem para preservar o próprio modo de vida, articulando as mudanças de maneira a reproduzir criativamente a ordem cultural que se atualiza, mantendo a coerência do sistema que o engendra. Parte-se de uma descrição e análise do território, material e simbólico, e dos processos de territorialização entendidos como "modos de estar". Busca-se nas reproduções sociais presentes na ritualística, no cotidiano e no xamanismo, assim como em suas estratégias de mobilização social, elementos para pensar a aparente ambiguidade entre kukràdjà e (meta)cultura enquanto discurso. Os resultados apresentam o kukràdjà como um todo cultural que não se esgota e não se enrijece em processos identitários, visto que é do próprio "modo de ser" apropriar-se de elementos Outros para utilizar em seus próprios termos. / Abstract: The present thesis is an ethnographic study of the Mẽtyktire group (Kayapó), in the Capoto/Jarina Indigenous Territory, Piaraçú village, in the north of the State of Mato Grosso, from the vernacular category kukràdjà which, etymologically, means something that takes a lot of time to learn. On the one hand, the term is correlated with the meaning of 'culture', with quotation marks, a product of ethnic self-consciousness and an operator in the demand for rights processes. On the other hand, it means the "modes of being", the way subjects see the world from their cosmology, a system of significant dynamic incorporation, how they experience the lived as being in time/space and how they act to preserve their own way of life, articulating the changes in a way to creatively reproduce the cultural order that is updated, maintaining the coherence of the system which engenders it. It begins with a description and analysis of the territory, material and symbolic, and the processes of territorialization understood as "modes of being". The social reproductions present in rituals, daily life and shamanism, as well as in their strategies of social mobilization, are used to think the apparent ambiguity between kukràdjà and (meta)culture as a discourse. The results present the kukràdjà as a cultural whole that is not exhaustive and does not become rigid in identity processes, since it is of the own "way of being" to take possession of Other elements to use in its own terms. / Doutor

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-207). Also available on the Internet.

This thesis is a study of social mobility in Thomas Hardy's novels based on The Return of the Native, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, and Jude the Obscure. Using the influence of family background, education and social injustice, it discusses the identity crisis that arises from an individual's rapid social mobility. The study also shows how the obstacles and the inner conflicts that the novelist himself encounters in his own process of moving upward socially, are transformed into parts or fragments of his novels, imbuing them with highly autobiographical elements. The introduction discusses the roles that the Industrial Revolution and other occurrences in history played in creating social mobility at the time and the roles that family background, education, personal temperament, and social injustice played in inhibiting it. Particular attention is paid to how the individuals, particularly those from the lower classes, are stopped from moving upward completely and what conflicts in self-identity are created in their struggles. Chapter one discusses The Return of the Native, focusing on the dilemma arising from the discrepancy between the expectations of oneself and others in social mobility. Chapter two discusses Tess of the d'Urbervilles, focusing on the idea that family background and education can lead to social displacement and alienation in a mobile society. Chapter three discusses Jude the Obscure, focusing on how disillusion with one's own life and goals caused by one's own family background and negative temperament as well as social injustice can sabotage one'

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between middle class and higher education through higher education policy. While the society gradually form the social class, each of them will try to obtain as much resource as they could. However, most of the resource is controlled by the upper class, which, due to the incapable of self-improvement, will eventually cause the conflict between different classes. In order to prevent the class struggle and conflict, and to maintain the social harmonious, the stable existence of Social Mobility is critical and important. And the easiest way for lower class to flow upward, is the education. After the declare end of the marshal law, the main purpose of education innovation in our country, is to expand the chance for people to receive higher education, raise the standard of knowledge, and increase the national competitiveness. However, while fixing all the old issue by the execution of the innovated policy, the upcoming problems have already risen. After the KMT re-achieve the presidency, the Exective Yuan shows the determination of restrain depression by the announcement of forming firm and solid middle class. If the indispensable way of social flow, education, is malfunctioning, the forming is incapable as well. It¡¦s obviously that the importance and requirement of education is raised, and the higher education is also widespread. However, does higher education in our country play it¡¦s role of promoting social flow? Does the consequence of successively education reform cause positive (or even negative) impact on the social mobility? These are the factors that this thesis wants to investigate.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

Following decades of protectionism, in 1982 Mexico reacted to its foreign debt crisis by implementing extreme structural adjustment policies and it has continued a pattern of neoliberalism, increasingly opening its economy to international markets. The cumulative impacts of these policies have negatively affected the majority of the Mexican population, and researchers have documented the detrimental effects of neoliberal polices on working and middle classes in other contexts. Based on ethnographic research in Nogales, Sonora, this paper will describe a particular group of Mexicans who have nevertheless risen to middle class status throughout this time period. It will situate them within an industrializing border economy and will investigate some of the factors, both internal and external, that have contributed to their success in this endeavor. Finally, it will raise questions for future research, such as: Is this middle-class sustainable?

The racial wealth gap is a deeply inexorable indicator of inequality. Today the average family of color holds only six cents of wealth for every dollar owned by whites. What accounts for such stubborn inequality in an era lauded as racially progressive? Intergenerational family links suggest a major linchpin. In this dissertation I work toward a race critical theory of social reproduction, drawing on 156 family histories of intergenerational wealth transfer. These data were categorically coded for instances of wealth and capital acquisition and transfer, as well as qualitatively analyzed for thematic patterns using the extended case method. My analysis targets specific social mechanisms that differentially promote the transmission of wealth and other forms of capital (e.g., social networks, educational credentials) across racial groups over time. I isolate racial patterns in the mobility trajectories of families through an original construct, inheritance pathways – instances involving the transfer and/or interconvertiblity of wealth/capital between two or more generations. Among my sample, inheritance pathways were regularly traceable from ancestors living during legal slavery and segregation. My analysis reveals that the wealth and capital acquired by white families regularly works in interlocking, supportive ways to “pave” pathways of protected, intergenerational mobility over time. In contrast, though families of color evidence many efforts to build upwardly mobile pathways, they are frequently divested of their capital through both explicitly and subtly racist means. Moreover, the value of their capital is often diminished, making it less useful in launching and sustaining mobility pathways. My analysis hones in on the recursive relationship between micro level family actions and the racial state, which is regularly implicated in these processes. I draw on these data to additionally expand the concept racial capital – a type of “currency” that intersects with other forms of capital for individuals, families and groups. Collectively, the inheritance pathways of families suggest that whiteness often intervenes to (1) “unlock” forms of capital for some individuals/families/groups; and, (2) enhance the value of other forms of capital. Ultimately I argue that inheritance pathways and racial capital serve as primary means for reproducing conditions and meanings that sustain systemic racism over time.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-59). Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-52).