Li Chun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-48). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Introduction --- p.1 / The Puzzle --- p.2 / Questioning Accuracy of Personality Judgment by Peers --- p.4 / Differentiating RH with Liking and Contribution --- p.5 / Introducing Different Levels of Analysis --- p.7 / Individual-level Analysis for Social Reputation --- p.8 / Dyadic-level Analysis for Social Interaction --- p.11 / Group-level Analysis for Social Asset --- p.13 / Present Study --- p.14 / Method --- p.15 / Participants --- p.15 / Research Setting --- p.15 / Instruments --- p.15 / Results & Discussion --- p.19 / Psychometric Properties of Self- & Other- Rated Constructs --- p.19 / Individual Level --- p.20 / Dyadic Level --- p.26 / Group Level --- p.33 / Implication & Conclusion --- p.36 / Relating RH to Personality Judgments Reported by Peers --- p.36 / Differentiating RH from Liking and Contribution --- p.37 / Limitations and Future Studies --- p.39 / References --- p.41 / Tables --- p.49

Philosophical and psychological theories of social understanding have largely focused on the construct of “theory of mind” (ToM) and the inferential processes that may be necessary for understanding the meaning of others’ behaviour. On these traditional accounts, social understanding has often been described as a process of “mind reading” or “mentalizing”, where one imputes mental states to others to make sense of their behaviour. However, recent work from social neuroscience and enactivist and phenomenological perspectives have pointed to the importance of considering non-inferential forms of social understanding that may be a more basic or foundational way in which we understand others. This dissertation investigates the relationship between these different forms of social understanding by examining the role of perceptual, motor, and conceptual processes in how we understand others. One hundred and two older adolescents and adults completed a battery of psychophysical and paper & pencil tasks. Correlations showed coherence amongst measures that assessed participants’ perceptual sensitivity to social information, with minimal coherence across “theory of mind” tasks. Exploratory factor analysis conducted on 13 measures yielded a meaningful 4 factor solution that supported the distinction between conceptual or inferential measures and more direct, perceptual forms of social understanding. Overall, the findings from this study highlight the importance of considering the variety of ways in which we can understand others and provides empirical support for a more pluralistic and comprehensive account of social understanding. / Graduate / 2020-10-23

En la presente investigación, se busca conocer las percepciones sociales de los pacientes adultos con epilepsia. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 8 participantes (6 varones y 2 mujeres) entre los 22 y 60 años, diagnosticados con epilepsia. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada para la cual se elaboraron nueve preguntas. Se construyó una guía con cuatro ejes: a) la percepción del sí mismo de la persona con epilepsia, b) percepción de las personas con epilepsia sobre sus relaciones interpersonales, c) percepciones de epilepsia en su interacción socio laboral d) percepción de la epilepsia sobre su atención y acceso a los servicios de salud. Los hallazgos demuestran que los participantes presentan auto concepto negativo frente a su condición. Perciben que son incluidos socialmente, no obstante, tienden a aislarse. Algunos consideran el cuidado de su clan como sobreprotección familiar, y otros participantes lo valoran como soporte familiar. Los participantes manifiestan ser capaces de reconocer los posibles potenciales episodios desencadenantes de su enfermedad. / In the present investigation, we seek to know the social perceptions of adult patients with epilepsy. A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out. The sample consisted of 8 participants (6 men and 2 women) between 22 and 60 years old, diagnosed with epilepsy. A semi-structured interview was conducted for which nine questions were prepared. A guide was built with four axes: a) the perception of the self of the person with epilepsy, b) perception of people with epilepsy about their interpersonal relationships, c) perceptions of epilepsy in their social-professional interaction and d) perception of epilepsy about their attention and access to Health services. The findings show that the participants have a negative self-concept about their condition. They perceive that they are included socially, however, they tend to isolate themselves. Some consider the care of their clan as family overprotection, and other participants value it as family support. The participants declare that they are able to recognize the possible potential episodes that trigger their illness. / Tesis

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Recent research has shown that children under two years demonstrate some early social understanding. Previous research has also demonstrated that mother talk about mental states is a factor in older preschoolers� later theory of mind understanding. In order to learn more about the predictive nature of mother mental state talk to very young children, this study examined the relation between mother talk about mental states at 15 and 24 months and their later mental state language and emotion understanding at 24 and 33 months. At all three time points, 71 mothers and 3 fathers (N=74) described pictures to their infants and mother talk was coded for mental and non-mental state language at 15, 24 and 33 months. In addition, at all three time points, children�s mental and non-mental state vocabulary levels were obtained via parental report. At the second and third time points the children were administered an emotion situation and a body emotion task. The mothers� ability to interpret emotion faces was also assessed. The results showed that mother use of desire language was more prevalent at 15 months, with references to thinking and knowledge increasing at 24 months. Partial correlations demonstrated that mother use of desire language with 15-month old children uniquely predicted a child�s mental state language and emotion situation task performance at 24 months, even after accounting for earlier child language, mother socioeconomic status, mothers� own emotion understanding, and other types of mother non-mental state language. Similarly, at 24 months of age, after accounting for potentially confounding variables, such as child language, mother use of think/know language as well as desire language were both predictors of children�s mental state language and emotion task performance at 33 months. The results further demonstrated that mothers� tendency to refer to the child�s (versus others�) desires at 15 months was the more consistent correlate of children�s mental state language and emotion understanding at 24 months. At 24 months a different pattern emerged with both references to the child�s and others� thoughts and knowledge correlating with child mental state language and emotion task performance at 33 months. It is proposed that Vygotsky�s zone of proximal development provides a framework within which maternal talk about specific mental states scaffolds the development of children�s later social understanding. I also suggest that such scaffolding motivates mothers to talk more about the child�s mental states when they are younger, before introducing talk that focuses on others� mental states.

Our research focuses on the negative relationship between the two fundamental dimensions of social perception, warmth and competence. Specifically, we examine antecedents and consequences of what has been called the compensation effect, i.e., perceivers’ tendency to differentiate two social targets in a comparative context on the two fundamental dimensions by contrasting them in a compensatory direction. In order to present our theoretical background and highlight the relevance of our empirical research, the first chapter of this theoretical part reviews the research that has identified competence and warmth as the two fundamental dimensions of social perception, and the second chapter reviews how these two dimensions have been used in social psychology. In the third chapter, we review the work that has concentrated on the properties of these two dimensions. And in the fourth and final theoretical chapter, we present recent research that has tested the compensation effect empirically and that constitutes the starting point of the present endeavor. In the experimental part, our ambition has been to get a better understanding of the compensation effect. In Chapter 5, we identify a necessary condition of the emergence of a compensation effect, namely that it is observed on the two fundamental dimensions of social perception, not on any given pair of dimensions. In three experiments we first replicate the compensation effect on the two fundamental dimensions, then we show that if the unmanipulated dimension is not one of the two fundamental dimensions, then a halo effect is observed when a compensation effect would have been observed with the fundamental dimensions. In Chapter 6, we show how the compensation effect affects social perception beyond impression formation. We do so by showing a compensation effect on indirect measures. In the Chapter 7 we test two original predictions based on the compensation effect. First we predict and find that context can affect the ratings of a specific group in a compensatory way. And we show that the compensation effect can be found on mean ratings, and at the correlational level. Second we predict and show that the compensation effect will lead to more differenciated judgments of groups that have a compensatory profile than those that have a halo profile. This is a doctoral thesis based on a series of articles. Therefore we ask the reader to understand that there will be redundancies in the five theoretical introductions of the articles and a number of cross references.

Physical appearance is one of the most important cues that an individual uses in forming an impression of another person. Researchers have found that perceptions of age are negatively related to perceptions of physical attractiveness. Because salespeople are influential in affecting a store's sales, especially for nondurable goods (Undell, 1972), consumers' perceptions of salespeople may influence the store's image and sales outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate consumers' perceptions of salespeople of different ages and to determine if differences in these perceptions were related to consumers' age and salespersons' age. Two groups of subjects were investigated - younger adults (between 18 and 28 years of age) and older adults (55 years of age and older) . Younger adult subjects were recruited from university classrooms (n = 41). Older adult subjects were the recipients of Oregon Horne Economics Extension Newsletter (n = 46). The total sample size was 87. A questionnaire was used in the present study to investigate a consumer's perceptions. The questionnaire included three parts questions on the respondent's shopping patterns, a consumer shopping scenario which included the salesperson's age manipulation, and questions asking demographic information. Three dependent variables were measured in the questionnaire: perceptions of the salesperson's fashionability, product knowledge, and job performance. The data were analyzed using the chi-square statistic and content analysis. Results indicated that consumers' perceptions of a salesperson's fashionability was related to the age of the salesperson. Perceptions of a salesperson's fashionability was also related to the age of consumer and the age of the salesperson. Perceptions of the salesperson's product knowledge and performance were not related to the age of salesperson nor to the age of the consumers. / Graduation date: 1992

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-71).

Thesis (doctoral) - Universität, Münster, 2006. / DatabaseEbrary.