<p> This study applies a depth symbolic approach with hermeneutic methodology to examine the psychological legacy of the historical Chinese Exclusion Act (1882-1943) and its impact on the psyche of the Chinese American. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first and only American legislation that ever prohibited a group of immigrants from entering America solely on the basis of race. The voice of the Chinese American was silenced and the shadow cast on their psyche was long lasting. Through the analysis of two autobiographies and six poems written by the Chinese Americans that directly experienced and bore witness to the exclusion era, this study explores the identity formation, self-definition, self-expression, coping patterns, and models of functioning of the Chinese American. Hidden and forgotten themes and contents in the Chinese American psyche are also uncovered. This research employs an exploratory method of analysis by interweaving personal narratives, cultural symbolism, and mythical images with historical, political, and social events. The emic &ldquo;bottom up&rdquo; perspective taken in this study intends to obtain knowledge directly from the experience of a minority group to inform and broaden the theoretical foundation of depth psychology with a diverse and multicultural scope. The study concludes that the unique psychic representation of the Chinese American emerges at the interface of their inner and outer realities. The findings reflect on the pioneer and defiant characteristics of the Chinese American, and their repressed aggression and incomplete mourning over loss.</p>

<p> Detroit has high rates of criminal activities and significant numbers of at-risk residents who have challenges with different types of hardship that include economic issues. Although hardships may include various types of challenges, at-risk residents of Detroit are economically challenged because of Detroit&rsquo;s economic downfall. The economic hardships lead to the inability to provide for dependent family members, to battle poverty and addiction, and to possibly other family and societal problems. In larger cities, particularly those economically challenged such as Detroit, because of the inability to hire more patrol officers as the result of insufficient financial resources, police seek the collaboration efforts of community members in the form of community policing to reduce crime. Community policing programs are used to reduce the crime and improve the perception of the police among the residents of Detroit, but they are not effective community policing programs as they do not relate to the needs of economically challenged at-risk citizens. The problem is that ineffective community policing increases the crime in Detroit. The purpose of this study was to investigate and identify the needs of the economically challenged at-risk residents of Detroit as perceived by those at-risk residents of Detroit who are identified through private-public organizations and to compare those needs with those perceived by the police pertaining to community policing programs. This may help in developing effective community policing programs. It was important in this study to identify the needs of the community residents who may perceive that there is no other way to survive but to commit crime that should be considered in developing community policing programs. The study identified education and training as the most significant issues that challenge the economically at-risk residents of Detroit. This study found that the economically at-risk residents of Detroit believe no help is available to them, but the members of the community police officers stated that some help is available for the economically at-risk residents; however, they are unaware of the programs that can benefit them. Police stated that various programs that can feed, clothe, educate, and teach various skills to the economically at-risk residents of Detroit are available and the community policing officers through current neighborhood policing programs can direct the residents to proper resources that they may need. The research instrument consisted of semi-structured interviews of at-risk residents focusing on issues that could identify the people&rsquo;s needs and attempt to understand if the current community policing programs have been addressing these needs of Detroit&rsquo;s at-risk residents. In this study, the results of the interviews and the questionnaires&rsquo; responses were used to identify, code, and categorize patterns found in the improving the community policing in Detroit data.</p><p>

<p> The 24 items of the original English version of the Social Justice Scale (Torres-Harding et al., 2012) were translated into Korean by four translators, who discussed and agreed upon consensus versions. Four different translators then back translated this version into English. The resulting Korean version of SJS (K-SJS) was completed by 537 adult native Korean speakers. Confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the K-SJS has high internal consistency, factors appropriately, fits the original model well, and demonstrates invariance across Korean men and women. Structural equation modeling indicated that the effects of attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms on behavioral intentions were positive and significant. In short, the K-SJS showed acceptable reliability and validity based on a large sample of South Korean adults and shows promise as a new tool to study social justice attitudes among Korean speakers.</p><p>

Issued also as thesis, Univ. of Pennsylvania. / "Selected bibliography": p. 192-199.

Thesis--University of Mysore. / Bibliography: p. [423]-424.

Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University. / Bibliography: p. 90-91.

Issued also as thesis, Univ. of Pennsylvania. / "Selected bibliography": p. 192-199.

<p> The legacy of slavery that included all individuals of African heritage to identify as Black has contributed to centuries of misinformation about the unique experiences of many Black/White biracial individuals. Initial models depicting biracial identity development focused on marginalization and deficit while overlooking the relative privilege many Black/White biracial individuals experienced. As the biracial and multiracial population has grown significantly in the latter half of the 20th century, social scientists have attempted to create a biracial identity development model that focuses on the unique experiences of these individuals. The purpose of this thesis is to provide historical background for the experiences of Black/White biracial Americans and to examine current psychological models depicting to the experiences of this population using a heuristic approach to qualitative research. This thesis also addresses Black/White biracial identities as a metaphor for the transcendent function, a concept integral to the field of depth psychology.</p><p>

<p> The past 50 to 70 years has brought about considerable change in the way most Americans live and work. Women continue to gain equality with men while adapting to the needs of society. However, until recently heterosexual men have not been expected to substantially change their roles or behavior. Men may be unprepared for the roles that they feel have been relegated to them by the changing world. As a consequence, they may be experiencing depression and disillusionment, acting out in ways that can influence education, jobs, politics, and ultimately public safety. Psychology and social science has not effectively taken an accounting of the evolution of masculine identity and the adjustment to that evolution in a rapidly changing world by heterosexual men. Using a hermeneutic methodology, this thesis examines factors contributing to role shift and discusses what psychotherapists may need to consider when working with men today.</p><p>

<p> Relations between parents and children play an essential role across the life course. A vast number of studies provide empirical evidence for the link between parental attachment and the psychological well-being of children. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore how American and American Lebanese parents perceive the influence of parent-child relationships on their children&rsquo;s well-being. Bowlby&rsquo;s attachment theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. A qualitative descriptive design was used in which 100 parents were sampled to complete a mostly open-ended online questionnaire. Additionally, 12 parent participants were interviewed by phone. Questionnaire results were presented in percentages and summary format. Interview results were deductively summarized. Main codes for the first research question were parent/child bonding, reciprocal communication patterns and connectedness. Main codes for the second research question included barriers to parent/child relationships and changes that occurred in the relationship over time. Findings did not reveal culture significantly influenced parent/child relationships in this sample. In conclusion, the study identified that closeness and communication are related to family the parent/child relationship. Due to limited analysis strategy and limited variation in the sample, more research is recommended. </p><p>