Abstract not available.

Depuis la création de l'Unesco au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale, la lutte contre l'analphabétisme des adultes dans les pays en développement a constitué un important aspect de l'action internationale dans le domaine de l'éducation. La reconnaissance du lien étroit existant entre le taux d'analphabétisme élevé et d'autres indices du sous-développement comme que la pauvreté/précarité, l'inégalité, l'exclusion sociale, la malnutrition, les maladies, etc. a fait que l'action visant à l'élimination de l'analphabétisme devienne une priorité dans les objectifs des stratégies nationales des pays en développement. Au Sénégal, avec l'appui de l'ACDI, un programme dénomme P.A.P.A., a été instauré en vue de lutter contre l'analphabétisme. Réalisé de 1986 à 2001 dans le cadre de la coopération canado-sénégalaise, l'objectif principal visait l'alphabétisation des jeunes et des femmes des régions défavorisées du Sénégal (Kolda, Kaolack, Tambacounda, Louga et Diourbel). Nos recherches ont abouti à la conclusion que le rapport final d'évaluation mentionne qu'une grande partie des participantes ont désappris la lecture et le calcul bien avant la fin du projet. En outre, les termes de référence du projet étaient vagues et ne permettaient pas de bien évaluer l'évolution aussi bien pour les groupes visés que pour leurs opérateurs. Aussi les bénéficiaires n'ont pas participé à la planification ni la mise en oeuvre du projet. Les superviseurs et les opérateurs du P.A.P.A. pour leur part, ne maîtrisaient pas convenablement les outils de formation. Il ressort aussi que le projet n'a pas tenu compte de certains éléments culturels et des pratiques coutumières qui rendent les femmes dépendantes de leur mari. Face à ces nombreux défis, nous suggérons qu'il est souhaitable pour un projet de ce genre de favoriser le partenariat entre les bénéficiaires et les vulgarisateurs et veiller à assurer le suivi et la pérennité des activités de post-alphabétisation.

Cette recherche porte sur le système de crédit, l'endettement paysan et le développement dans le milieu rural haïtien. Dans cet univers, l'agriculture demeure avant tout une activité paysanne. Le paysan haïtien doit constamment faire face à des pénuries de toutes sortes, de terre, de capital, de moyens de productions, de crédit. Il est dans l'obligation d'acquérir une rente foncière élevée, de payer une multitude d'impôts directs et indirects et de répondre à des besoins familiaux pressants. En conséquence, il est constamment contraint à avoir recours au crédit. La thèse montre que les organisations traditionnelles d'entraide ne constituent pas, dans leur état présent, une réponse à cette situation, et qu'il en va de même pour le système bancaire formel qui a effectivement toujours exclus les paysans pauvres de ses politiques de crédit. En conséquence, la grande majorité des paysans n'a eu traditionnellement, et ce, jusqu'aujourd'hui, d'autre alternative que de solliciter des prêts usuraires et d'être la proie des prêteurs à gage. L'impact de cet état de fait sur le niveau de vie des paysans et leur possibilité de développement socioéconomique est déterminant. La perspective adoptée dans ce travail est que pour remédier à cette situation malheureuse il est nécessaire de mettre sur pied un système généralisé de micro-crédit en milieu rural. Le modèle proposé est celui de la Banque Grameen de M. Yunus.

La présente thèse consiste en une analyse comparative des communautés chinoises de deux pays différant tant par leur histoire que par leur orientation politique face à leurs populations immigrantes: le Canada et la France. Selon notre hypothèse, les différences proclamées ne sont pas tant significatives en regard des situations concrètes, et ces populations ont bien plus en commun que l'on pourrait le croire de premier abord. Nous basant sur les écrits de sociologues et d'anthropologues, nous décrirons la situation des Chinois dans deux villes, Montréal et Paris, et mettrons en lumière le fonctionnement interne de leurs communautés via l'étude des réseaux, commerces et associations. Enfin, nous nous interrogerons sur le rôle actuel des États quant à la gestion de leurs populations en ces temps de transnationalisme et de mondialisation de l'économie.

Opioid abuse has become a global epidemic and is now a huge public health concern here in the US. Non-medicinal use of opioid prescription drugs is at the forefront of the epidemic and considered the "gateway" drug to other illicit opioid use. As opioid prescribing has increased over the last decade in the US, so has opioid-related deaths, surpassing car accidents and suicide as the leading cause of injury-related deaths. Medication assisted treatment (MAT) is fundamental in decreasing opioid abuse overdose and mortality. Therefore, the research study aims to determine if counseling adherence, opioid abstinence, and retention in MATs are influenced by personal characteristics, socio-economic factors, readiness to change, social support, and integrated care. Guided by social cognitive theory, transtheoretical model, and theory of reasoned action, the study will employ a retrospective cohort design utilizing opioid dependent patients from a MAT Program in West Florida. Analysis of three cox regression models indicated for personal factors: an increase in age was associated with patients being more likely to adhere to counseling (p=.001) and retention (p=.034), full-time employment (p=.043) was positively associated with opioid abstinence, whereas part-time employment (p=.037) was positively associated with retention, having insurance (public: p=.000) was positively associated with counseling adherence, opioid abstinence (public: p=.000, private: p=.035) and retention (public: p=.000, private: p=.000). With regards to environmental influences, social support was positively associated with opioid abstinence (p=.022) and integrated care was positively associated with opioid abstinence (p=.027) and retention (p=.000). Examining these factors are necessary to improve treatment adherence and expand MAT programs. Additionally, providing funding is crucial for practitioners to continually create educational intervention strategies to engage patients in treatment, thereby reducing the opioid overdose epidemic. This study extends the literature contributing to understanding personal factors and environmental influences in MATs.

Registered nurses (RNs) are essential to providing care in the healthcare system. To date, research on the relationship between healthcare provider supply and population health has focused on physician supply. This study explored the effect of RN supply on population health outcomes in the U.S. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study of U.S. counties and county equivalents using national data. Seven population health outcomes (total and disease specific mortalities and low infant birth weight rate) were the response variables. The predictor variable, RN supply, and some control variables were anticipated to have an asynchronous effect on the seven outcome variables in the hypothesized relationship. Therefore, these variables were examined using three different models: contemporaneous; a three-year lagged; and a distributed lag (both contemporaneous and lagged variables). Quadratic terms for RN and physician supply variables were included. Because the Area Health Resource File (AHRF) outcome variables were skewed toward zero and left censored, Tobit regression analyses were used. Data were obtained from 19 states using historical RN Supply data for 1,472 counties, representing 47% of the total target population of 3,108 U.S. counties and county equivalents. Regions with rural populations—the Midwest and Southeast—were overrepresented. Higher RN supply is positively related to higher mortality rates from ischemic heart disease, other cardiovascular disease, and chronic lower respiratory disease in the distributed lag models. Higher RN supply is not significantly related to rates of low infant birth weight, infant mortality, or mortality from cerebrovascular disease in any model. Higher RN supply is positively related to total deaths in the contemporaneous and lagged model. The results suggest a counter-intuitive, but non-linear relationship between RN supply and health outcomes. More research is needed to understand these relationships and policies must be devised to reduce the current and growing future RN shortage.

Among Latinos, Santería functions as both a religion and a health care system in occurrences of health versus illness within various Latino sub-groups in the U.S. This exploratory study offers a comprehensive analysis of the function of the folk healing tradition Santería as a culturally congruent informal mental health support that assists with coping with the psychosocial sequelae of living with cancer among Latinas in Miami-Dade County, FL. It (a) determined the attitudes of Latinas living with cancer towards Santería as an informal mental health support and (b) explored how Santería offers Latinas effective mental health support that assists in coping with the psychosocial sequelae of living with cancer. The mechanisms and characteristics underlying the motivations of Latinas living with cancer to seek and integrate this informal modality for their cancer care were identified. A purposive sample of 15 Latinas ages 18 and older in Miami-Dade County who had received a diagnosis of cancer were recruited from sites in Miami-Dade offering formal mental health support services and botánicas. Data collection incorporated in-depth interviews and a validation focus group. In an effort to generate theory through a modified Grounded Theory approach, data analysis was accomplished by means of multiple coding passes and the constant comparison method which resulted in higher levels codes that were grouped into three major themes: 1) Participants’ Experience with Folk Healers, 2) Influence of Santería on the Cancer Experience, and 3) Participants’ Experience with Conventional Healthcare and Mental Healthcare. Results illustrate how, among Latinas, the folk healing tradition of Santería co-occurs with professional medical and mental health treatment in what Arthur Kleinman defines as the popular sector, which identifies and sets the parameters for culturally acceptable forms of healthcare and mental health treatment options.

<p>A critical anti-racist feminist analysis is used to examine the City of Toronto's current approach to gender equity and to consider how the City can move forward based on the discussion of Toronto's issues and challenges and other cities' successes. Written from the perspective of one member of a 14-member City of Toronto women's advisory committee, it examines the City's approach to diversity in general and gender equity in particular. The analysis finds serious flaws in the City's current approach, related to a lack of gender equity structures and mechanisms, a lack of interest in, and resources allocated to, such structures and mechanisms, and a lack of civic engagement of women, which forms a part of the City's overall democratic deficit. Structures and mechanisms implemented in other cities in order to promote gender equity are explored in order to provide the City with successful possibilities to consider. A proposed six-stage model categorizes various levels of commitment that cities have demonstrated towards achieving gender equity. This model allows cities, such as Toronto, to assess their individual progress on gender equity relative to other cities and to better understand the need to increase their efforts. Lastly, recommendations to the City of Toronto to enhance its gender equity approach are discussed. Despite the limitations of this study, the author believes it was highly necessary to document and disseminate the issues related to the City of Toronto's approach to gender equity in order to open up productive dialogue between the City and the community and to motivate effective, equity-enhancing change in a timely manner.</p> / Master of Social Work (MSW)

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