Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaTCL_TESE.pdf: 1321975 bytes, checksum: 85938868e178ce96af9ba0466022512b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This thesis aims to discuss on articulations that have been produced on the socio-cultural field in the Psychiatric Reform process and its pertinence to the streghtening of Psychosocial Care Strategy (EAPS) in Fortaleza/CE. Such interest has been justified by the need to promote not only the production of these networks, but also interfaces to enable strategies of support and sociability from the perspective of deinstitutionalization of madness. We were inspired by the cartography perspective of Deleuze e Guattari, and determined as objectives: 1) to discuss the complexity of Psychiatric Reform process and analyze the EAPS as a model for the current Mental Health policy in the country; 2) to map socio-cultural strategies connected to the CAPS network in the city, investigating experiences that already exist or may be constituted as everyday social support networks; 3) from that mapping to start, define and discuss some aspects that converge to the accomplishment for this new mental health paradigm, drawing a cartography of the issues and movements in progress. The mapping was carried out in 2009 and consisted of semi-structured interviews with the coordinators of the 14 existent CAPS and with some people connected to the Coordination of Mental Health. Besides, during the whole development of the study, we have taken part in public events that brought us clues on the connection between mental health and culture. From the survey produced, we defined three vectors for discussion (Art, Labour and Partnership with Social Movements) which have been highlighted as effective possibilities of intervention in the socio-cultural field of Psychiatric Reform in Fortaleza and reveal important paths on the fulfillment process of a new pattern of care. For each of these axes, we chose a field of empirical research (Projeto Arte e Sa?de, COOPCAPS e MSMCBJ) in which we could better understand their strengths and difficulties, starting from open interviews with some of their actors and the production of a diary of sensations in 2010. We have seen that they are articulated with the proposal of EAPS, being part of the concerns to the National Mental Health Policy and also the municipal administration. However, we have noticed to be necessary to promote those dimensions further, focusing on its complexity at the macro and micro policies, with the purpose of leading the Psychiatric Reform process / Essa tese tem como foco discutir acerca das articula??es produzidas no campo sociocultural do processo de Reforma Psiqui?trica e sua pertin?ncia para a consolida??o da Estrat?gia de Aten??o Psicossocial (EAPS) em Fortaleza/CE. Tal interesse justificou-se pela necessidade de promover n?o apenas a produ??o de tais redes, mas tamb?m interfaces que possibilitem estrat?gias de suporte e sociabilidade sob a ?tica da desinstitucionaliza??o da loucura. Inspirados na perspectiva cartogr?fica de Deleuze e Guattari, determinamos como objetivos: 1) debater a complexidade do processo de Reforma Psiqui?trica e analisar a EAPS como modelo para pol?tica atual de sa?de mental do pa?s; 2) mapear as estrat?gias socioculturais ligadas ? rede de CAPS na cidade, examinando as experi?ncias que j? se constituem ou podem vir a se constituir como redes de suporte social cotidianas; 3) a partir deste mapeamento, definir e discutir eixos que convirjam para a concretiza??o deste novo paradigma em sa?de mental, esbo?ando uma cartografia das quest?es e movimentos em curso. O mapeamento, realizado em 2009, constituiu-se por entrevistas semiestruturadas com os coordenadores dos 14 CAPS existentes e com algumas pessoas relacionadas ao Colegiado de Sa?de Mental. Al?m disso, durante todo o desenvolvimento do estudo, participamos de eventos p?blicos, que nos dessem pistas das conex?es entre sa?de mental e cultura. A partir do levantamento produzido, definimos tr?s vetores de discuss?o (Arte, Trabalho e Parceria com Movimentos Sociais) que se sobressa?ram como possibilidades efetivas de interven??o no campo sociocultural da Reforma em Fortaleza e indicaram caminhos relevantes no processo de efetiva??o de um novo modelo de aten??o. Para cada um desses eixos, buscamos nos aproximar de um campo emp?rico de investiga??o (Projeto Arte e Sa?de, COOPCAPS e MSMCBJ) no qual pud?ssemos conhecer melhor suas potencialidades e dificuldades a partir de entrevistas abertas com alguns de seus atores e a produ??o de um di?rio de sensa??es no ano de 2010. Vimos que eles est?o articulados com a proposta da EAPS, fazendo parte das preocupa??es da Pol?tica Nacional de Sa?de Mental e tamb?m da gest?o municipal. Contudo, percebemos ser necess?rio fomentar ainda mais tais dimens?es, atentando para sua complexidade tanto no plano macro quanto micropol?tico, no intuito de continuar pondo em movimento o processo de Reforma Psiqui?trica

Ce travail de doctorat a été effectué sous l’encadrement du Professeur Catherine SEMIDOR du laboratoire GRECAU (Groupe de Recherche Environnement Conception Architecturale et Urbaine). Il propose une approche scientifique visant à évaluer les performances réelles des habitats Saoudiens traditionnels et contemporains ainsi que la façon dont ces logements sont perçus par les habitants.L’architecture vernaculaire en Arabie Saoudite a longtemps été considérée comme performante et confortable. Pour la recherche d’une architecture respectueuse du climat dans ce pays il est alors essentiel de se pencher sur les constructions du passé, les comparer avec celles du présent afin de comprendre les forces et faiblesses de chacune des architectures. La présente thèse traitera donc le sujet de deux dimensions fondamentales de l’architecture en Arabie Saoudite, celle qui relève du climat et celle qui relève de la culture, au travers d‘un élément majeur, la satisfaction de l’habitant. Ces deux critères seront complétés d’une étude approfondie sur l’évaluation de l’espace intérieur de l’habitat ainsi que d’une analyse de l’impact du tissu urbain sur le confort dans l’habitat.Une première partie théorique va permettre de définir les principes inhérents à ce travail de recherche et ainsi définir les enjeux de celui-ci. Les notions de confort dans l’habitat et de durabilité seront ainsi développées en expliquant comment le corps humain réagit aux différents facteurs d’ambiances et comment ces mêmes facteurs sont régulés dans les espaces bâtis. Puis nous allons voir comment les villes arabes, et notamment d’Arabie Saoudite se sont transformées dans le temps en même temps que la manière de vivre des saoudiens. Toutes ces théories seront interprétées et mise en situation dans la seconde partie de la thèse avec une étude de cas précis.Une deuxième partie très concrète consistera à définir le cas d’étude, celui-ci sera effectué sur la ville de Djeddah et ses différents types d’habitats majoritaires. Les appartements, les maisons mitoyennes et les maisons isolées seront les trois types d’habitations analysés. Plusieurs sujets seront traités en parallèle pour bien comparer architecture traditionnelle et contemporaine, avec d’une part le niveau d’éclairage naturel et d’une autre les éléments d’ouverture des façades, avec notamment « Le Rowshan » pour le cas de l’architecture traditionnelle. Cette partie de l’étude sera effectuée via trois méthodes d’analyse différentes, l’enquête, l’analyse in situ et la simulation sur outils numériques.- Une enquête spécifique sur la satisfaction du confort physique et socio-culturel des habitants de Djeddah diffusé via les réseaux sociaux.- Une analyse in situ grâce à des mesures effectuées dans les contextes d’architecture vernaculaire et contemporaine avec des enregistreurs spécifiques mesurant la température, l’humidité et la lumière dans les espaces.- Une mise en relation avec des études quantitatives via des simulations numériques sur les principaux facteurs physiques du confort précisés dans la première partie : le rayonnement solaire et l’éclairage naturel à l’intérieur de l’espace bâti.Une conclusion permettra de comprendre comment nous pouvons prendre des leçons du passé quant à la conception d’architectures bio-climatiques en Arabie Saoudite. Nous détaillerons également l’impact de la dimension socio-culturelle sur l’habitat saoudien contemporain. / Vernacular architecture in Saudi Arabia has long been regarded as efficient and comfortable. As to search for sustainable architecture in this country then, it is essential to consider the past constructions in order to understand how it works and learn from it.This PhD work was carried out under the supervision of GRECAU laboratory (Research Group in Environment Architecture and Urban Design) and offers a scientific approach to assess the actual performance of traditional and contemporary habitats and how the locals perceive those.A first theoretical part will help to define the inherent principles in this research and thereof to define issues. Notions of comfort and sustainability in homes will be developed and explain how the human body reacts to different environments factors and how these factors are regulated in built-up areas. Then we'll see how the Arab cities, especially those from Saudi Arabia, have turned in time, as well as the way of life Saudis have.A second part will define a more concrete study case: the city of Jeddah and its major different types of habitats: apartments, attached houses and detached houses. A qualitative study through a survey on the physical and socio-cultural comfort of the inhabitants of this city distributed via social networks, widely used in Saudi Arabia, will be conducted, analysed and put in relation with quantitative studies, via simulations computer about the main physical factors of comfort noticed in the first part: solar radiation and day lighting within the built environment.These simulations will evaluate the rate of solar radiation arriving in the different types of urban patterns of Jeddah city, as well as the comfort of the interior spaces with the radiation transmitted through the opening facades elements, both traditional and contemporary ones, but also the level of natural lighting to suit them. We will see that physical comfort and socio-cultural comfort are related: when physical comfort increases, the socio-cultural comfort decreases, because the Saudis are willing to sacrifice physical comfort to satisfy their need for privacy.Three study cases will be analysed through in-situ measurements during 67 days with specific loggers measuring temperature, humidity and light spaces, as to allow a better understanding of the relationships observed previously.A final explanatory part will understand how we can take lessons from the past about the sustainable architecture design in Saudi Arabia via quantitative and qualitative studies conducted previously.