L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier la santé bucco-dentaire et une partie de ses déterminants et de comprendre les représentations socioculturelles en rapport avec l’odontologie chez les populations Peulhs du Ferlo. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené une étude descriptive et transversale ayant un caractère mixte avec un volet quantitatif et qualitatif portant 300 personnes pour le volet quantitatif et 50 pour le qualitatif. Il ressortait de cette étude, que les hommes étaient plus nombreux que les femmes avec un sex ratio (homme/femme) de 1,2. La moyenne d’âge était de 36,13 ans ±14. Près de la moitié de l’échantillon était des éleveurs et la proportion de personnes scolarisées ou alphabétisées était relativement faible (22%). La consommation de lait sous forme liquide, de viande de mouton, de légumes ou de feuilles était très fréquente. Il en était de même pour le tabagisme actif avec La consommation de l’alcool communément appelé « boulfalé » (eau de Cologne entre 45 et 90°) concernait 11% de l’échantillon. Par rapport aux habitudes d’hygiène, 76,3% ne disposaient pas de brosse à dent alors que 88,6% utilisaient le cure-dent au moins une fois par jour. La prévalence de la carie dentaire était de plus de 90% et les besoins de traitements parodontaux étaient de près de 50%. Par rapport aux pathologies générales, 16% de l’échantillon étaient hypertendus ; près de 21% souffraient d’une pathologie digestive déclarée. Plus de 70% de l’échantillon (71,3%) faisaient recours aux thérapeutiques traditionnelles. Le CAO était associé à la pathologie digestive et aux types de soins utilisés après ajustement sur l’âge et le sexe. / The objective of this work was to study the oral health and its determinants part and to understand the socio-cultural representations related to dentistry in Fulani populations in the Ferlo. To do this, we conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study a mixed character with a quantitative and qualitative component 300 people for the quantitative component and 50 for the quality. It was apparent from this study that men were more likely than women with a sex ratio (male/female) 1.2. The average age was 36.13 ±14. Almost half of the sample was breeders and the proportion of persons educated or literate was relatively low (22%). The consumption of milk in liquid form of meat sheep, vegetables or leaves was very frequent. It was the active smoking with the consumption of alcohol commonly referred to as "boulfale" (eau de Cologne between 45 and 90 °) was 11% of the sample. Relation to hygiene practices, 76.3% had no toothbrush while 88.6% used the toothpick at least once per day. The prevalence of dental caries was over 90% and the needs of periodontal treatments were close to 50%. Compared to the General pathologies, 16% of the sample were hypertensive; almost 21 per cent had a declared digestive pathology. More than 70% of the sample (71.3%) were the traditional therapeutic use. The DMFT was associated with the digestive pathology and the types of care used on the age- and sex-adjusted. Periodontal indices were broadly higher in hypertensive patients. On the qualitative level, Ferlo Pulaar felt that dental disease could have a dual causality even if a vast majority originally was a natural.

Immunization has been recognized globally as a cost-effective public health intervention. However, despite its benefits, children in northern Nigeria are still adversely affected by the negative consequences of inadequate uptake of immunization. The purpose of this study was to assess antenatal care and maternal sociocultural determinants that influence childhood immunization within 2 months of birth in northern Nigeria. Constructs of social cognitive theory were applied to this retrospective correlational cross-sectional inquiry involving women 15-49 years old in northern Nigeria. Secondary data (the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey) were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) predictors of uptake of childhood immunization within 2 months of birth were the person who delivered antenatal care, the number of antenatal care visits, the number of tetanus injections, maternal educational level, religion, wealth index, husband/partner educational level, and the person who decides on health care. Educated Christian women from middle-class or rich homes, whose husbands/partners were also educated and who jointly decided on health care, made numerous contacts with health care professionals, and received at least one tetanus injection during antenatal care, had a higher likelihood of immunizing their children within 2 months of birth. The positive social change implications for this study include providing evidence of deterrents to childhood immunization that could lead to relevant policies and interventions leading to healthier children, communities, and society.

The thesis aims to present a case for a rethinking of the paradigmatic frames underpinning food marketing control policy and research. In support of its contention, it reports on the methodological strategies, evidence outcomes and knowledge translation contributions of a series of research projects. The projects were commissioned by national and international policy makers during the period 2009-2015 in support of responsible food marketing policy development. They were conceptualised, developed and interpreted through participatory and iterative research planning processes. The research drew on theories and constructs from multiple disciplines. Public health, marketing and policy science contributed most, but information economics and management theories also informed research design and analysis and interpretation of findings. Its key generalizable findings can be summarised as follows: • The identification of a fragmented but convergent pool of evidence indicating contemporary food and beverage marketing is an interactive, dynamic phenomenon. • The identification of a fragmented but convergent pool of evidence demonstrating it significantly impacts sociocultural determinants of food behaviours. • The generation of evidence demonstrating a gap between the strategic aims of responsible marketing policy regimes and the inherent capacity of implemented interventions to constrain marketing’s food environment impacts. • The generation of evidence demonstrating that critical re-appraisal of food marketing policy research assumptions and preconceptions is a strategy supportive of policy innovation. • The generation of evidence that research intended to support real world multi-stakeholder policy development processes requires additional skills to those established and recognised as central to high quality research. These include the ability to engage with dynamic and politicised policy processes and their public communications challenges. • The generation of evidence that can inform future independent benchmark standard for responsible marketing development initiatives. • The generation of evidence that can inform future research on designing and developing policy that is ‘future proof’ and targets marketing’s sociocultural food environment impacts. Its most significant knowledge translation contributions have been: • Support for the WHO Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Foods and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children (subsequently endorsed at the 2010 World Health Assembly and the 2011 United Nations General Assembly). • Participatory research contributions to the Scottish Government’s responsible marketing standard development initiative (PAS2500). • Supporting the planning and development of the Scottish Government’s Supporting Healthy Choices Policy initiative. • Knowledge exchange with policy makers and stakeholders engaged in a scoping and prioritisation initiative commissioned by the United Kingdom’s Department of Health (An analysis of the regulatory and voluntary landscape concerning the marketing and promotion of food and drink to children). • Supporting responsible marketing policy agendas targeted to the engagement of a broad mix of stakeholders in innovative policy development processes. • Supporting policy makers’ efforts to increase popular support for stronger, more effective responsible marketing policy controls. The thesis therefore aims to present evidence that the programme of research presented here has made useful and original contributions to evidence and knowledge on contemporary food marketing and its impacts on food behaviours and the food environment. It aims to build on this by demonstrating how this evidence informed and supported policy development. Through this the thesis aims to support its case that a rethinking of food marketing policy research assumptions and conceptions can expand and enrich the evidence base as well as real world policy innovation.