This qualitative study investigated how alcohol policy education and enforcement influenced student drinking behavior and norms at a large state university. Data collection consisted of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with sixteen traditional-age freshmen and sophomores who lived in two different campus residential areas. One purpose of this study was to gain insight into the actual drinking practices of students who reside in campus residence halls while another focus was to determine how policy education and enforcement influenced students' decisions to drink. The study participants, who served as "informants" for the purpose of the research, were also asked how they made sense of the situation. The findings suggest emergent themes related to the high incidence of student drinking in the residence halls, the lack of University-sponsored education and enforcement of the alcohol policy, and the manner in which the students' developmental stage influenced their drinking behaviors. In their observations, students talked about a "If we don't see it, hear it, or smell it" enforcement policy and openly criticized the University for its hypocritical stance. Students also revealed strong feelings of disappointment and remorse because their residence hall drinking had negatively impacted their academic standings and their overall well-being. The data suggest that the lack of policy education and enforcement creates an environmental press that encourages student drinking and actually impedes student development. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings and suggestions for future research.

<p>Education provides people with material, social, and cognitive resources which can bolster well-being, and a growing body of literature documents a positive association between adult children’s education and older parents’ health. Although researchers have begun to explore mechanisms which underlie and shape this association, few studies have considered the role of family context. Guided by the social foreground perspective, the central aims of this dissertation are to investigate: (1) whether adult children’s problems account for the relationship between adult children’s education and mothers’ depression and (2) whether the size of the association between adult children’s education and mothers’ depression varies between married and widowed mothers. To answer these questions, I utilize mediation and moderation techniques and data collected as part of the Within-Family Differences Study. Consistent with past work, I found that mothers with children who completed more education reported fewer depressive symptoms. In the first substantive chapter, mediation analyses suggested that this relationship was mediated by the proportion of adult children who have experienced physical and emotional problems in the last five years. Consistent with the life course perspective and cumulative inequality theory, these results highlight the ways in which (dis)advantages that impact health accumulate both across age and across generations. In the second substantive chapter, moderation analyses revealed that the association between adult children’s education and mothers’ psychological well-being was weaker among widowed mothers. I innovatively argue that these results are consistent with principles of socioemotional selectivity theory. Taken together, the results from these two chapters illuminate the importance of considering family context when studying the intergenerational implications of education for health. In addition, by augmenting our understanding of how and under what conditions adult children’s education matters for mothers’ psychological well-being, my results offer important insights for stakeholders invested in improving the psychological well-being of older adults.</p>

In meeting the UK Government's national and international renewable energies commitments and their role in UK energy security, decarbonisation of energy use, carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation, the recognition of a potential for considerable scaling up of UK woodland coverage is emphasised. Also, UK forestry has increasingly become realigned with the global sustainability agenda encompassing issues such as native woodlands, the decline of woodland biodiversity, the Government’s quality of life indicators, and ideas of socio-cultural, ecological and economic landscape scale values. Accordingly, socio-cultural interaction with the natural world places structure and components into the landscape, the subsequent combinations of which are characterised by consequent ecological and economic conditions. As a consequence compositional, structural, spatial and temporal differences produce different value outcomes. This thesis explores these value outcomes illustrating the multi-dimensional nature of the relationships that society experience with their surrounding landscape, across a range of case study wood-fuel producing landscapes. The case study landscapes describe traditional silvo-pastoral management, Natura 2000 forest, primarily managed around ideas of ecosystem goods and services, co-operatively and commercially owned sustainable forestry. Differences in value are observed between and within landscapes, value domains and value components. These differences reflect tensions that exist between sustainability and society’s continued use of natural resources. Consequently value articulates the nature of relationships between and within multiple value components, characterised by competing socio-cultural, ecological, economic interests. Thus value, as a concept, is built through an understanding of the connected, embedded nature of society’s relationship with the natural world. Using a novel fuzzy logic modelling based approach to valuation, the consequences of land-use choices and the associated changes across socio-cultural, ecological and economic value domains are made visible. Understanding the complex nature of these interrelated and interdependent relationships can inform the political and institutional decision making and policy setting process. In this manner knowledge of interaction, interdependence and the reality of trade-offs, consistent with systems describe by finitude, can support and facilitate deliberative discourse. Where the true nature of value is considered an emergent property expressed through an appreciation of the value components and the outcomes of their relationships. Thus value is fundamentally a comparative property and not the outcome of an accumulative argument.

<p> Healthcare today is constantly transforming as hospital systems are challenged to maximize productivity and value. Factors such as occupational stress, difficult working conditions, unresolved conflict, lack of leadership, and increased complexity of healthcare foster disruptive and uncivil behavior and directly impact work performance, patient safety, and the physical well-being of those providing or supporting the care given to patients. The objectives of this study were to: 1. assess the prevalence of incivility within a large metropolitan healthcare organization, 2. determine differences in the frequency of incivility within select occupational groups, and 3. examine the relation between incivility and productivity, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and workplace stress. The study was a cross-sectional, correlation design, using survey methodology. Data were collected from employees working in one organization consisting of an acute care facility, outpatient centers, and ambulatory locations. The study population included direct and non-direct patient care job categories and physicians.</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 90-95)

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2008. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-09, Section: A, page: 3767. Adviser: Carroll L. Estes.

Dissertation (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Dissertation (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Les fondements sur lesquels se fonde ce travail de recherche dérivent de la démonstration que la santé est conditionnée par une multiplicité de facteurs dont le contrôle n'est pas exercé seulement par le système sanitaire.Les inégalités de santé représentant l'un des plus injustes et graves formes d’iniquités parce que la santé est une des conditions de première importance afin de vivre pleinement la vie. Les inégalités en matière de santé constituent l'un des pires scandales de notre temps, en particulier dans les pays développés et les pays démocratiques.Le thème des inégalités de santé est un sujet cher à la sociologie, car leur analyse permet, soit d'observer les dynamiques sociales, soit de comprendre comme les différences sociales se distribuent entre les individus à l'intérieur de la société, surtout avec l’actuelle crise économique globale.L'objectif principal de cette étude consiste, grâce à l’application de techniques d'analyse comparée, à déterminer et distinguer les inégalités de santé dans les relations entre conditions sociaux, facteurs de risque, contexte territorial et état de santé de la population, en deux pays européens, (France et Italie), afin de comprendre leurs dynamiques et comme le contexte territorial grave sur les inégalités de santé des individus. Á travers une approche transnationale le travail de recherche détermine les différences et les analogies entre France et Italie.Les résultats qui émergent de nos analyses montrent l'existence de similitudes "inattendues" entre groupes de population française et italienne, malgré caractéristiques institutionnelles très différentes de welfare sanitaire. / The foundations of this work of research derived by the demonstration that the health is conditioning of a multiplicity by factors, the control of which is not exercised by the only health care system.Health inequalities, representing one of the most unjust and severe inequitable forms because health is one of the pre-conditions in order to live out fully individual life. Health inequality constitutes one of the worst scandals of our time, especially in developed and democratic countries.The theme of health inequalities is a subject beloved to the sociology, because their analysis allows, either to observe the social dynamics, either to understand as the social differences are distributed between the individuals within the society, especially with the current global economic crisis.The main objective of this study is, using comparative analysis, identify and distinguish the inequalities in health in the relationship between social conditions, risk factors, territorial context and state of health of the population, in two European countries (France and Italy), in order to understand their dynamics and as the territorial context affects the inequalities of health of individuals. Through a transnational approach this research project identifies differences and similarities between the two case studies.The results from our analysis, demonstrate the existence of "unexpected" similarities between groups of French and Italian people, despite different characteristics of social welfare and health systems.