<p> The 9/11 Commission Report opined that part of the problem in preventing the 9/11 terrorists attacks was the lack of community partnerships which fuse community and law enforcement members in efforts to identify suspicious terrorist behaviors. The lack of community partnerships essentially reflects the absence of capable guardians, which contribute to the increased risk of terrorism. A literature review emphasized the community-policing concept has imparted the same goals and strategies applied in the past for partnerships in crime prevention, and complements prevention efforts against terrorism in homeland security. Few studies have focused on the guardian construct of the routine activity theory (RAT) sociology theory. The lack of federal guidance towards specific anti-terrorism programs for local law enforcement and community members after the 9/11 terror attacks with current emerging domestic terror threats continues to be problematic. The purpose of this qualitative explanatory holistic case study was to explore how the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) and Los Angeles community members perceived their partnerships toward anti-terrorism measures taken to address the current lack of federal anti-terrorism guidelines. The unit of analysis consisted of the LAPD along with the single phenomenon consisting of the unique LAPD iWATCH anti-terrorism program. Eighteen participants for the study were purposefully sampled with semi-structured interviews conducted. Participants consisted of ten LAPD law enforcement participants and eight Los Angeles community members. The researcher employed the constant comparative method (CCM) to identify emerging themes among interviewee responses. The CCM method enabled the determination of codes, which were sorted into themes from interviewed participants. Four key themes and ten associated concepts were derived from the data analysis. The findings revealed the RAT guardian construct complements both the iWATCH and community-policing concept in anti-terrorism efforts. The findings also revealed the apparent increase of youth involvement in terrorist organizations, make it is necessary to promote greater awareness among the impressionable youth against terrorist radicalization and recruitment. These findings fill a void in the RAT guardian construct literature, as these variables can play a greater role in anti-terrorism prevention efforts. Recommendations for practice included community and law enforcement leader&rsquo;s improvement regarding the level of awareness and application of the LAPD's iWATCH community based anti-terrorism program. Recommendation for future research included a quantitative study of the guardian construct in anti-terrorism efforts against emerging terror threats.</p>

Voilà une vingtaine d’années que le concept d’addiction a été élaboré par quelques psychiatres et chercheurs en neurosciences afin de rendre compte, à travers un nouveau regard, des phénomènes de dépendance (en associant drogues illicites, alcool et tabac). Il a ensuite été utilisé pour la première fois en 1999 dans une politique publique en France, à savoir le plan triennal de la Mission Interministérielle de Lutte contre la Drogue et la Toxicomanie (MILDT).Le processus de construction du problème public des addictions constitue ainsi l’objet de cette thèse. Dans quelles mesures la reconfiguration de certains espaces des champs médical et politico-administratif a partie liée à l’institutionnalisation du paradigme addictologique et comment celui-ci a contribué à transformer les drug policies contemporaines ? Le problème public des addictions doit son émergence au succès politique d’un petit groupe d’acteurs qui a su transposer un concept médical dans le langage de l’action publique. Dans le prolongement des politiques de réduction des risques, les addictions bousculent le mode de régulation des usages de drogues, en favorisant leur sanitarisation plutôt que leur pénalisation. Par le biais d’une sociologie historique et politique de l’action publique, cette thèse retrace ainsi la genèse de l’addictologie et des drug policies françaises jusqu’au plan triennal de la MILDT de 1999. / It has been about twenty years that the addiction concept has been elaborated by some psychiatrists and neuroscientists in order to define dependence phenomena in a new way (by associating illicit drugs with alcohol and tobacco). Then it has been used for the first time in 1999 in a public policy in France, i.e. the three-year plan of the Mission Interministérielle de Lutte contre la Drogue et la Toxicomanie (MILDT).The construction process of the “addiction” public problem constitutes this thesis subject. In which way the reconfiguration of some spaces of the medical and political fields is connected to the institutionalization of the addictological paradigm and how this one has led to transform contemporary drug policies? The “addiction” public problem emerged thanks to the political success of a small group of actors who transposed a medical concept into the language of public policy. In the continuation of harm reduction policies, addictions reshape the regulation model of drug use by promoting their sanitarization rather than their criminalization. Through a political and historical sociology of public policy, this thesis thus traces the genesis of French addictology and drug policies until the MILDT’s three-year plan of 1999.