Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1921. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1941. / Reproduced from type-written copy. "Literature cited": p. 15.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-154).

<p>Iodine is considered an essential nutrient as lack can cause severe metabolic and neurological issues in adults, with the added consequence of permanent developmental damage in children and infants. However, excessive iodine intake can result in similar symptoms, with a wide variance in adverse health outcomes. The safe range of iodine intake may be relatively low, with some studies suggesting the possibility of a high frequency of subclinical cases of iodine poisoning going unnoticed or misdiagnosed. </p> <p>In this study, the zebrafish model was tested as an integrative whole animal model to demonstrate behavioral, morphological, and genetic responses to overt and subclinical iodine poisoning in developing humans. Zebrafish embryos were treated with sodium iodide (NaI) immediately after fertilization. Survivability was monitored every 24 hours until 120 hours post fertilization (hpf). Concentrations with no statistical significance on survival, plus the smallest dose of significant lethality were then examined using behavioral analysis at 120 hpf to compare both overt and subclinical outcomes. Morphology measurements of body length, head length, head width, brain length, swim bladder volume, jaw length, and ventral dissension were also recorded at 120 hpf. Gene expression of <i>slc5a5</i>, <i>tpo</i>, and <i>tshba</i> at 72 hpf was also measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). </p> <p>A significant decrease in survival rates were observed at 24 hpf for 25, 37.5, and 50 mM NaI treatments (p<0.0001). Morphological measurements taken at 120 hpf showed a significant increase in body length, head length, head width, jaw length, and swim bladder volume in the 10 mM NaI treatment group (p<0.0001) and a significant decrease in body length, head length, jaw length, and swim bladder volume in the 25 mM treatment group (p<0.0001). A ventral distension also developed near the location of the thyroid gland exclusively in the 25 mM group. </p> <p>Behavioral analysis showed significant increases in movement for both the 10 mM and 25 mM treatment groups during dark phases (p<0.0001). The 25 mM treatment group had an increase in movement during dark phases for standard well environments (p<0.0001), but this did not hold true for larger well environments, instead trending towards a non-significant decrease (p>0.05). The 10 mM group had a significant decrease during the first light phase in standard wells (p=0.002), with a significant increase in the second light phase for large wells (p=0.005). There were no significant changes in the expression of selected genes associated with the thyroid pathway (<i>slc5a5</i>, <i>tpo</i>, or <i>tshba</i>) across all treatment groups (p>0.05). </p><p><br></p> <p>Overall, the results suggest zebrafish larvae exhibit both overt and subclinical symptoms of excess iodine intake. Future studies are needed to determine internalization, biodistribution, clearance, and further characterization of adverse outcomes along the thyroid pathway for additional exploration into subclinical thyrotoxicosis due to excess iodine intake. Researchers should express caution with time points, as the Wolff-Chaikoff effect may influence exposure windows in zebrafish. </p>

No description available.

The lactoperoxidase (LPO) antimicrobial system has been shown to play an important role in maintaining sterile conditions in several tissues including the mammary gland, the salivary gland, and the airway. The LPO system in the airway consists of the enzyme LPO and its substrates hydrogen peroxide and an anion. LPO catalyzes the oxidation of a halide or pseudohalide ion for example SCN-or I- by hydrogen peroxide producing a product, OSCN- or OI- which have antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. In order to have a functional antimicrobial system all the components need to be present at appropriate concentrations. The LPO system has been suggested to be deficient in cystic fibrosis. There are three possible regulatory mechanism of this antimicrobial system and these involve the secretion and availability of the three components of the LPO system in the luminal fluid. The studies presented in this dissertation examine two of the possible regulatory mechanisms of the LPO system in the airway; the availability and transport of SCN- to the luminal surface, and the expression of LPO. The knowledge obtained from these studies could be utilized to develop treatments to control infection in diseases characterized by chronic infections such as cystic fibrosis.

In an event of a radiological dispersion device (RDD) detonated by terrorists in a high population density area, the hospitals and other medical facilities will be overwhelmed by people who may or may not have been contaminated by radioactivity. Under such circumstances, it would be desirable to identify people who have inhaled radioactive particles and direct them immediately for further treatment. A portable 3 by 3 NaI detector, which is widely available at most universities, was studied as a tool to identify and calculate the activity of unknown radioisotopes for such an RDD event.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:21:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tanimoto_hm_dr_araca.pdf: 452600 bytes, checksum: 35a6fdca100183a9bf9298314082cef6 (MD5) / A cárie dental, por ser uma doença cujo desenvolvimento depende basicamente da susceptibilidade dental, de microrganismos cariogênicos, e de um substrato fermentável que resulta na produção de ácidos, apresenta evolução que depende de fatores que favoreçam essas condições, como a radioterapia da região de cabeça e pescoço. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos do flúor, da clorexidina, e do iodeto de sódio, na prevenção das seqüelas como cárie de irradiação e/ou osteorradiomielite em pacientes portadores de câncer, tendo a radioterapia como um dos métodos terapêuticos utilizados. Foram utilizados 52 pacientes divididos em três grupos, que foram respectivamente tratados com gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%, fluoreto de sódio a 0,5%, e solução de iodeto de sódio (2%)-H2O2 (10 volumes), após adequação do meio bucal e cicatrização das áreas de extrações dentárias, através de bochechos diários utilizando-se a substância referente ao grupo de estudo previamente estabelecido. Concluiu-se que o uso de fluoretos, clorexidina e solução de iodeto de sódio potencializaram os meios físicos de profilaxia, sendo a clorexidina a mais eficaz na redução de ufc de S. mutans. Considera-se, ainda, que a ocorrência de cárie e/ou osteorradionecrose nesses pacientes pode ser controlada, desde que sejam instituídos adequados meios de higiene bucal. / The dental carie, for being a disease whose development depends basically of dental susceptibility, cariogenic microorganisms, and a fermentable substratum that results in the production of acids, it presents evolution that depends on factors that favor those conditions, as the radiotherapy of head and neck region. In that sense, the present work had as objective compares the effects of the fluorides, chlorhexidine, and sodium iodite, in the prevention of the sequels as radiation carie and/or osteoradionecrosis in oncology patients, tends the radiotherapy as a therapeutic method used. 52 patients were used divided in three groups, that they were treated respectively with chlorhexidine gluconate 0,12%, sodium fluoride 0,5%, and a combination of sodium iodite solution 2% and peroxide 10%, after dental assessment and cicatrization of the areas of dental extractions, through daily mouthfuls being used the substance regarding the previously established study group. It was concluded that the fluorides use, chlorhexidine and sodium iodites solution potentializing the physical methods of prophylaxis, being the chlorhexidine the most effective in the reduction of cfu of S. mutans. It's also considered that the occurrence of radiation carie and/or osteoradionecrosis in those patient can be controlled, since appropriate methods of buccal hygiene are instituted.

Orientador: Alvimar Lima de Castro / Banca: Takeo Adhemar Furuse / Banca: Décio dos Santos Pinto / Banca: Norberto Perri Moraes / Banca: Izabel Yoko Ito / Resumo: A cárie dental, por ser uma doença cujo desenvolvimento depende basicamente da susceptibilidade dental, de microrganismos cariogênicos, e de um substrato fermentável que resulta na produção de ácidos, apresenta evolução que depende de fatores que favoreçam essas condições, como a radioterapia da região de cabeça e pescoço. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos do flúor, da clorexidina, e do iodeto de sódio, na prevenção das seqüelas como cárie de irradiação e/ou osteorradiomielite em pacientes portadores de câncer, tendo a radioterapia como um dos métodos terapêuticos utilizados. Foram utilizados 52 pacientes divididos em três grupos, que foram respectivamente tratados com gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%, fluoreto de sódio a 0,5%, e solução de iodeto de sódio (2%)-H2O2 (10 volumes), após adequação do meio bucal e cicatrização das áreas de extrações dentárias, através de bochechos diários utilizando-se a substância referente ao grupo de estudo previamente estabelecido. Concluiu-se que o uso de fluoretos, clorexidina e solução de iodeto de sódio potencializaram os meios físicos de profilaxia, sendo a clorexidina a mais eficaz na redução de ufc de S. mutans. Considera-se, ainda, que a ocorrência de cárie e/ou osteorradionecrose nesses pacientes pode ser controlada, desde que sejam instituídos adequados meios de higiene bucal. / Abstract: The dental carie, for being a disease whose development depends basically of dental susceptibility, cariogenic microorganisms, and a fermentable substratum that results in the production of acids, it presents evolution that depends on factors that favor those conditions, as the radiotherapy of head and neck region. In that sense, the present work had as objective compares the effects of the fluorides, chlorhexidine, and sodium iodite, in the prevention of the sequels as radiation carie and/or osteoradionecrosis in oncology patients, tends the radiotherapy as a therapeutic method used. 52 patients were used divided in three groups, that they were treated respectively with chlorhexidine gluconate 0,12%, sodium fluoride 0,5%, and a combination of sodium iodite solution 2% and peroxide 10%, after dental assessment and cicatrization of the areas of dental extractions, through daily mouthfuls being used the substance regarding the previously established study group. It was concluded that the fluorides use, chlorhexidine and sodium iodites solution potentializing the physical methods of prophylaxis, being the chlorhexidine the most effective in the reduction of cfu of S. mutans. It's also considered that the occurrence of radiation carie and/or osteoradionecrosis in those patient can be controlled, since appropriate methods of buccal hygiene are instituted. / Doutor