Many software systems depend on other systems to function correctly or are themselves composed of interdependent subsystems. In that context, behavioral changes in a dependency may have consequences for a dependent subsystem. This includes changes to non-functional properties such as latency or availability. In this paper we use the term non-functional coupling to mean the extent to which a subsystem is affected by changes to non-functional properties in a dependency. We argue that non-functional coupling has implications for the maintainability, reliability and performance of an overall system. We also explore the extent to which various engineering techniques used in interaction code (i.e., the code in a subsystem that manages requests to and responses from a dependency) can influence the strength of that coupling. We do this by simulating various techniques (including several novel techniques) using a tool named Quartermaster.

Three of the most widely studied software dependency types are the structural, logical and semantic dependencies. Logical dependencies capture the degree of co-change between software artifacts. Semantic dependencies capture the degree to which artifacts, comments and names are related. Structural dependencies capture the dependencies in the source code of artifacts. Prior studies show that a combination of dependency analysis (e.g., semantic and logical analysis) improves accuracy when predicting which artifacts are likely to be impacted by ripple effects of software changes (though not to a large extent) compared to individual approaches. In addition, some dependencies could be hidden dependencies when an analysis of one dependency type (e.g., logical) does not reveal artifacts only linked by another dependency type (semantic). While previous studies have focused on combining dependency information with minimal benefits, this Thesis explores the consistency of these measurements, and whether hidden dependencies arise between artifacts, and in any of the axes studied. In this Thesis, 79 Java projects are empirically studied to investigate (i) the direct influence and the degree of overlap between dependency types on three axes (logical - structural (LSt); logical - semantic (LSe); structural - semantic (StSe)) (structural, logical and semantic), and (ii) the presence of hidden coupling on the axes. The results show that a high proportion of hidden dependencies can be detected on the LSt and StSe axes. Notwithstanding, the LSe axis shows a much smaller proportion of hidden dependencies. Practicable refactoring methods to mitigate hidden dependencies are proposed in the Thesis and discussed with examples.

A partitioned approach is studied to solve strongly coupled nonlinear fluid structure interaction problems. The stability, convergence and performance of explicit and implicit coupling algorithms are explored. The partitioned approach allows to re-use existing codes in a more general context. One purpose of this work is to be able to couple them as black-boxes. To that end, the scientific software component framework CTL is considered. Therefore a fluid and a structure component based on existing software are developed and coupled with a master code approach. Computational performance of different remote calls and parallel implementation of components are also depicted herein. The re-use of existing software allows to couple advanced models developed for both sub-problems. In this work, the structure part is solved by the Finite Element Method, with the possibility to use different non-linear and large deformation behaviors. For the fluid part, examples modeled with an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation are considered, solved with a finite volume method. The models used are first transient incompressible flows described by the Navier-Stokes equation, then free surface flows. With the latter, the impact of sloshing and breaking waves on model structures can be computed

Knowledge regarding a nuclear power plants potential and limitations is of utmost importance when working in the nuclear field. One way to extend the knowledge is using fuel performance codes that to its best ability mimics the real-world phenomena. Fuel performance codes involve a system of interlinked and complex models to predict the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the fuel rods. These models use several different model parameters that can be imprecise and therefore the parameters need to be fitted/calibrated against measurement data. This thesis presents two methods to calibrate model parameters in the presence of unknown sources of uncertainty. The case where these methods have been tested are the oxidation and hydrogen pickup of the zirconium cladding around the fuel rods. Initially, training and testing data were sampled by using the Dakota software in combination with the nuclear simulation program TRANSURANUS so that a Gaussian process surrogate model could be built. The model parameters were then calibrated in a Bayesian way by a MCMC algorithm. Additionally, two models are presented to handle unknown sources of uncertainty that may arise from model inadequacies, nuisance parameters or hidden measurement errors, these are the Marginal likelihood optimization method and the Margin method. To calibrate the model parameters, data from two sources were used. One source that only had data regarding the oxide thickness but the data was extensive, and another that had both oxide data and hydrogen concentration data, but less data was available.  The model parameters were calibrated by the use of the presented methods. But an unforeseen non-linearity for the joint oxidation and hydrogen pick-up case when predicting the correlation of the model parameters made this result unreliable.

Au cours de ces travaux de thèse, la résolution de problèmes non-linéaires en interaction forte entre une structure et un fluide a été étudiée par une approche partitionnée. La stabilité, la convergence et les performances de différents schémas de couplages explicites et implicites ont été explorées. L'approche partitionnée autorise la réutilisation des codes existants dans un contexte plus général. Un des objectifs de nos travaux est de les utiliser comme des boites noires, dont on n'a pas le besoin de connaitre le fonctionnement interne. A cette fin, la technologie des composants et le middleware CTL ont été utilisés. Ainsi, deux composants basés sur des codes existants pour le fluide et la structure ont été développés puis couplés par une approche de type code maître.Les performances de différentes architectures de composants aussi bien que la communication entre composants parallélisés sont décrites dans ce document. La réutilisation de codes existants permet de profiter au plus vite des modèles avancés développés de manière spécifique pour nos sous-problèmes. Pour la partie solide, par exemple, il est possible d'utiliser différents modèles éléments finis en grandes déformations avec des matériaux non-linéaires. Pour la partie fluide, nous avons choisi une approche arbitrairement Lagrangienne-Eulérienne, et la résolution par volumes finis. Différents régimes d'écoulements instationnaires aussi bien incompressibles (modélisés alors par les équations de Navier-Stokes) qu'à surfaces libres sont ici considérés. La description de phénomènes tels que le déferlement des vagues et leur impact sur des structures est ainsi rendu possible / A partitioned approach is studied to solve strongly coupled nonlinear fluid structure interaction problems. The stability, convergence and performance of explicit and implicit coupling algorithms are explored. The partitioned approach allows to re-use existing codes in a more general context. One purpose of this work is to be able to couple them as black-boxes. To that end, the scientific software component framework CTL is considered. Therefore a fluid and a structure component based on existing software are developed and coupled with a master code approach. Computational performance of different remote calls and parallel implementation of components are also depicted herein. The re-use of existing software allows to couple advanced models developed for both sub-problems. In this work, the structure part is solved by the Finite Element Method, with the possibility to use different non-linear and large deformation behaviors. For the fluid part, examples modeled with an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation are considered, solved with a finite volume method. The models used are first transient incompressible flows described by the Navier-Stokes equation, then free surface flows. With the latter, the impact of sloshing and breaking waves on model structures can be computed / In dieser Doktorarbeit wird ein partiotionierter Ansatz zur Lösung nichlinearer stark gekoppelter Fluid-Struktur-Interaktionsprobleme behandelt. Dabei werden die Stabilität, die Konvergenz und die Performanz expliziter und impliziter Kopplungsalgorithmen untersucht. Der partitionierte Ansatz ermöglicht die Wiederverwendung von existierender Software in einem allgemeineren Kontext. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit ist hierbei die Nutzung dieser Software als Blackboxen. Hierzu verwenden wir das komponentenbasierte Framework CTL. Die existierenden Simulationscodes für das Strömungs- und das Strukturproblem werden als CTL Komponenten umgesetzt und über einen Mastercode gekoppelt. Die Performanz des Gesamtsystems wird hinsichtlich unterschiedlicher Komponentenbindungen und der parallelen Implementierungen der Simulationskomponenten analysiert. Existierende Simulationscodes weisen mitunter viele Mannjahre Entwicklungszeit auf, bieten auf die einzelnen Probleme abgestimmte numerische Verfahren und unterstützen unterschiedliche Modelle des betrachteten physikalischen Fachgebietes. Daher ist eine Wiederverwendung erstrebenswert. Der Strukturteil wird über die Finite Elemente Methode approximiert, wobei groé Deformationen und verschiedene nicht-lineare Materialmodelle unterstützt werden. Auf der Strömungsseite werden Beispielprobleme (von instationären inkompressiblen Strömungen zu Strömungen mit freier Oberäche) herangezogen, die mit der Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Methode formuliert und der Finite Volumen Methode diskretisiert werden