Thesis (doctoral)--University of London, 1989.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3662. Adviser: Praveen Kumar. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-139) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000864123.pdf: 1654956 bytes, checksum: fc81d99f02919fc90136ed620799758f (MD5) / Diante da necessidade de gerar informações para a adequada implantação do sistema integração agricultura-pecuária, o presente trabalho foi proposto com o objetivo de avaliar, em área irrigada, modalidades de semeadura de três espécies de forrageiras em consórcio com o milho de verão com produção de palha para o feijão em sucessão, bem como os efeitos desses tratamentos nos atributos fisicos do solo e na cultura do milho e do feijão de inverno. O ensaio foi conduzido no ano agrícolas 2012 e 2013, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP/Ilha Solteira -SP, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS, a 20o 22' de latitude Sul e 51o 22' de longitude Oeste de Greenwich, com altitude de 335 metros, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos disposto em esquema fatorial 3x2+1 e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três espécies de forrageiras (Urochloa brizantha, Urochloa ruzizienses e Cajanus cajan) e duas modalidades de consórcio das forrageiras, na linha de semeadura do milho juntamente com o adubo e na entre linha do milho e uma testemunha sem consorciação. No milho foram avaliadas: biometria da planta e componentes da produção, de grãos e de palha. No feijão foi avaliado a biometria da planta e os componentes de produção. No solo foram efetuadas as análises químicas e físicas. A produtividade, do milho e do feijão não ocorreu diferença estatística com uso das forragens em todos os tratamentos pesquisadas; Que os valores relativos as características biométrica e componentes de produção do milho e do feijoeiro não foi possível notar diferença estatística, com exceção da média no diâmetro de colmo do milho, onde foi obtida a melhor média com consorcio de milho+Urochloa brizantha e Cajanus cajan, nota-se que na inserção da primeira vagem na cultura do feijoeiro uma diferença... / Facing the need of generating information for proper establishment of the integrated cattle raising-crop production system, the present work was proposed. The aim of this research was to evaluate, within an irrigated area, the methods of sowing of three species of forage in intercropping with the summer maize with straw production for the bean in succession, as well as the effects of these treatments on the soil and in the culture of maize and bean. The experiment was conducted from the year of 2012 to 2013 in the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP/Ilha Solteira-SP, located in the county of Selvíria-MS, with 51° 22 ' longitude West of Greenwich and with 20° 22 ' South latitude, and an altitude of 335 meters. In a red dystropchic latosol clayey texture, the experimental design was established in randomized blocks with seven treatments in a factorial scheme of 3 x 2 +1 with 4 repetitions. The treatments were constituted by three forage species and two models of forage intercropping, one with the forage in the row of corn sowing with fertilization and the other with forage between the rows of corn sowing, and a witness line without intercropping. The following parameters were evaluated in the corn production: plant biometrics, and grain and straw production components. The following parameters were evaluated in the bean production: plant biometrics and component productions. In the soil were conducted chemical and physical analyses. It can be concluded that statistical differences did not occur on productivity of maize and beans with use of forages in all treatments evaluated, and the values relating to biometric characteristics and components of maize and bean production did not show statistical difference, with an exception of the average in stem diameter of corn, in which the best average obtained was for the corn intercropping with Urochloa brizantha and Pigeous Bean. Despite of not being a factor that limits or adds the ...

Orientador: Luiz Malcolm Mano de Mello / Banca: Elcio Hiroyoshi Yano / Banca: Ronaldo Cintra Lima / Banca: Karem Cristine Piróla Narimatsu / Banca: Talles Eduardo Borges dos Santos / Resumo: Diante da necessidade de gerar informações para a adequada implantação do sistema integração agricultura-pecuária, o presente trabalho foi proposto com o objetivo de avaliar, em área irrigada, modalidades de semeadura de três espécies de forrageiras em consórcio com o milho de verão com produção de palha para o feijão em sucessão, bem como os efeitos desses tratamentos nos atributos fisicos do solo e na cultura do milho e do feijão de inverno. O ensaio foi conduzido no ano agrícolas 2012 e 2013, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP/Ilha Solteira -SP, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS, a 20o 22' de latitude Sul e 51o 22' de longitude Oeste de Greenwich, com altitude de 335 metros, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos disposto em esquema fatorial 3x2+1 e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três espécies de forrageiras (Urochloa brizantha, Urochloa ruzizienses e Cajanus cajan) e duas modalidades de consórcio das forrageiras, na linha de semeadura do milho juntamente com o adubo e na entre linha do milho e uma testemunha sem consorciação. No milho foram avaliadas: biometria da planta e componentes da produção, de grãos e de palha. No feijão foi avaliado a biometria da planta e os componentes de produção. No solo foram efetuadas as análises químicas e físicas. A produtividade, do milho e do feijão não ocorreu diferença estatística com uso das forragens em todos os tratamentos pesquisadas; Que os valores relativos as características biométrica e componentes de produção do milho e do feijoeiro não foi possível notar diferença estatística, com exceção da média no diâmetro de colmo do milho, onde foi obtida a melhor média com consorcio de milho+Urochloa brizantha e Cajanus cajan, nota-se que na inserção da primeira vagem na cultura do feijoeiro uma diferença... / Abstract: Facing the need of generating information for proper establishment of the integrated cattle raising-crop production system, the present work was proposed. The aim of this research was to evaluate, within an irrigated area, the methods of sowing of three species of forage in intercropping with the summer maize with straw production for the bean in succession, as well as the effects of these treatments on the soil and in the culture of maize and bean. The experiment was conducted from the year of 2012 to 2013 in the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP/Ilha Solteira-SP, located in the county of Selvíria-MS, with 51° 22 ' longitude West of Greenwich and with 20° 22 ' South latitude, and an altitude of 335 meters. In a red dystropchic latosol clayey texture, the experimental design was established in randomized blocks with seven treatments in a factorial scheme of 3 x 2 +1 with 4 repetitions. The treatments were constituted by three forage species and two models of forage intercropping, one with the forage in the row of corn sowing with fertilization and the other with forage between the rows of corn sowing, and a witness line without intercropping. The following parameters were evaluated in the corn production: plant biometrics, and grain and straw production components. The following parameters were evaluated in the bean production: plant biometrics and component productions. In the soil were conducted chemical and physical analyses. It can be concluded that statistical differences did not occur on productivity of maize and beans with use of forages in all treatments evaluated, and the values relating to biometric characteristics and components of maize and bean production did not show statistical difference, with an exception of the average in stem diameter of corn, in which the best average obtained was for the corn intercropping with Urochloa brizantha and Pigeous Bean. Despite of not being a factor that limits or adds the ... / Doutor

Orientador: Jairo Roberto Jiménez-Rueda / Banca: Sâmia Maria Tauk Tornisielo / Banca: Newton La Scala Júnior / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta aspectos relevantes para a implementação de projeto de MDL e PSAs em áreas naturais e cultivadas para empresas privadas, órgãos governamentais, organizações não-governamentais e sociedade civil que buscam bases técnicas-científicas com vistas ao desenvolvimento sustentável. O carbono orgânico no solo está principalmente sob forma de matéria orgânica humificada e sua quantidade e qualidade são influenciadas pelos fatores de formação do solo. A geomorfologia atua no condicionamento do solo e o clima age através do intemperismo, que transforma os elementos e a matéria orgânica humificada. O estudo analisou a distribuição do carbono orgânico nos compartimentos morfológicos do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados indicaram que os maiores teores de carbono orgânico no solo (pontos discrepantes > 3.8%) relacionam-se às regiões que apresentam condições geomorfológicas propícias à deposição de sedimentos, como planícies de inundação e depressões côncavas, indicando relação com eventos pretéritos de evolução das paisagens aliados às condições climáticas de manutenção da matéria orgânica. As áreas planálticas, com solos mais jovens, também apresentam teores relativamente alto de carbono orgânico (%). A integração geossistêmica do compartimento solo com a geomorfologia constitui importante subsídio para propostas de seqüestro de carbono em projetos de MDL e PSAs, considerando o solo tanto como corpo principal da análise como também associado à cobertura vegetal no seqüestro de carbono. A determinação do carbono no solo para projetos de seqüestro/retenção deve empregar métodos de quantificação complementares, a fim de considerar as diferentes formas de carbono para contabilidade. / Abstract: This study shows relevant aspects to implement CDM and PES in natural and cultivated areas for private enterprises, governmental offices NGOs and the society, all which search for technical-cientific basis for sustainable development. Organic carbon in the soil is mainly presented under the form of humic organic matter, and its quantity and quality are influenced by the same factors of soil formation. Geomorphology acts in soil conditioning and the climate, through weathering, acts in the formation and evolution of soils, as well as on humic organic matter. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of organic carbon on morphologic compartiments in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The results showed that the highest rates of organic carbon in the soil (outliers > 3.8%) related to the regions that presents geomorphologic conditions which were suitable to sediment depositions, such as inundated plains and depressions, indicating a relationship with the past evolution events of landscape and climate conditions to preserve the organic matter in sois. The planaltic areas with young soils also showed relatively high rates of organic carbon. The geosystemic integration of soils compartments with the geomorphology constituted an important subside for carbon capture proposals in the Clean Development Environmental (CDM) and Payment for Environmental Services (PES); considering the soil either as main compartment of analysis or associated with vegetations in carbon capture. To determine carbon quantity in the soil or retention, complementary quantifying methods must be used in order to consider the different form of counting carbon. / Mestre

[From Introduction] It has been said that, "If a nation saves its trees, the trees will save the nation." The truth of this assertion is apparent in many parts of the world today. In South Africa, fires and demands in the past for timber have led to extensive depletion of the Natural Forests. In many cases, natural revegetation has been slow to develop and deterioration of the soil has resulted. The desire to replace the tree cover and at the same time to meet an increasing internal demand for timber, has led to widespread planting of Pine and Bluegum. It is probable that more trees have now been planted than were destroyed in the past. The silviculturist however, who develops a pure stand on land which previously supported the mixed stand, should anticipate a change in soil properties as a natural accompaniment of such an undertaking. The nature of this change is the primum mobile of the present comparative study. The forest soils studied were taken in the Cape Province in the following areas:- Grahamstown; Amatola Mountains, District Alice; Witte-els-Bosch, District Humansdorp, during the course of a year. The physical and chemical properties, and the faunal composition of the soil samples were examined in relation to the different tree covers. Because of the necessity of taking large numbers of samples and thorough examination of these to arrive at a definite conclusion, the work is necessarily incomplete. It is felt however that the results obtained justify a further study of this aspect of soil biology.

In saline soils, which are characterized by an appreciable quantity of neutral soluble salts, plant growth is adversely affected due to the increase in osmotic pressure and the consequent decrease in the physiological availability of water. In addition, growth may also be restricted through the accumulation of toxic quantities of various ions within the plant.

Teachers have noticed that children draw only those objects which they know by name. Doubtless the adult has a similar tendency, exemplified by the researcher, to limit his observations or to relate them to that which can be expressed in the terminology of an existing or newly developed theory. In this thesis the data obtained from studies of the temperature and pressure dependence of the relative vapor pressure over moist soil samples are analyzed by a thermodynamic approach. Not all of the results can be explained completely by means of this tool. Natural systems, such as a moist soil, are probably too complex for any single theory; but since the language of thermodynamics provides the best-known means of conveying the results to others, it is felt that this language should be used throughout the thesis.

Potassium is one of the essential plant nutrient elements. It is used by plants in the synthesis and distribution of carbohydrates (25)2 and in the formation of proteins and oils. Potassium also seems to exert many of its effects by influencing enzymatic activity in cells. Potassium occurs as the monovalent cation on plant cells and undoubtedly exerts important effects upon such phnomona as the permiability of the cytoplasmic membranes and hydration of protoplasma. Plants assimilate potassium either from the soil solution or directly from the exchange complex.

Losses of soil nitrogen that cannot be attributed to leaching or crop removal have been observed in many field experiments. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for these losses. Perhaps the best known mechanism involves the process of microbial denitrification. Undoubtedly this process plays a major role in nitrogen loss but it does not seem to adequately account for many of the losses observed. A thorough understanding of other possible loss pathways has tremendous agricultural implications as well as being of interest from a purely scientific standpoint. It has long been accepted that nitrite is an intermediate in the biological oxidation of ammonium to nitrate. Because of the high reactivity of nitrous acid and the nitrite ion many investigators have proposed pathways involving them. Considering the diversity of possible reactions and products involving nitrite it is not surprising that numerous contradictions are found in the literature on this subject. The work reported here was an attempt to clarify the role of some of these pathways in the destruction of the nitrite ion in acid soils. The availability of a gas chromatograph and incubation equipment made the study feasible from a technical standpoint. Most of the data reported here were collected by the author in the late summer of 1961, using techniques developed over the previous year. Some data re included that were collected by Dr. Keith Justice in the summer of 1962 using these same methods.