Orientador: Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez / Banca: Maurício Augusto Leite / Banca: Adriano da Silva Lopes / Resumo: O impacto da atividade humana sobre um território pode ser avaliado através do diagnóstico da qualidade das águas superficiais. Atualmente, existe grande preocupação com a preservação dos recursos hídricos, sendo cada vez mais valorizado e cobrado o uso adequado da água. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo diagnosticar os recursos hídricos na microbacia do córrego Três Barras, município de Marinópolis, SP. Os atributos avaliados foram: sólidos totais, suspensos e dissolvidos, turbidez, pH, dureza, cálcio, magnésio, ferro total, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido e coliformes (fecais e totais). Através dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que as concentrações de sólidos totais têm aumentado gradativamente ao longo do tempo principalmente no período chuvoso. O ferro total foi o único atributo avaliado cuja concentração sempre esteve acima dos limites críticos para a irrigação em todos os locais de amostragem e em todo o tempo de avaliação, representando um risco ao adequado funcionamento de sistemas de irrigação localizada. As concentrações de cálcio e magnésio encontrados, segundo as classificações estabelecidas, não oferecem restrições de uso para a irrigação, e embora os coliformes totais e fecais apresentem altas concentrações, somente o ponto 3 é considerado como inadequado, devido ao lançamento de efluente, devendo-se portanto, evitar a utilização da água nesse trecho do córrego para irrigação de vegetais a serem consumidos in natura / Abstract: The impact of human activity on a territory may be assessed through the diagnosis of the quality required of surface water. Currently, there is great concern for the preservation of water resources, increasingly valued and charged the proper use of water. The object of this work was to diagnose the water resources in the watershed of stream Três Barras, municipality of Marinópolis, SP. Attributes evaluated were: total solids, suspended and dissolved, turbidity, pH, hardness, calcium, magnesium, total iron, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and fecal and total coliforms. Through the results it was found that concentrations of total solids have increased gradually over time mainly in the rainy season. The total iron was the only attribute evaluated with a concentration above the limits has always been critical for irrigation in all sampling locations and around the time of evaluation, pose a threat to the proper functioning of localised irrigation systems. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium found, according to classifications maintained, do not offer restrictions of use for irrigation and, although the fecal coliform and presenting high concentrations only the point 3 has been considered inappropriate due to the release of effluent and it should if so, refrain from using this stretch of stream water for irrigation of vegetables raw consumed / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_mc_me_ilha.pdf: 1762519 bytes, checksum: d227aa7c39e727f299f79815681c80d2 (MD5) / O impacto da atividade humana sobre um território pode ser avaliado através do diagnóstico da qualidade das águas superficiais. Atualmente, existe grande preocupação com a preservação dos recursos hídricos, sendo cada vez mais valorizado e cobrado o uso adequado da água. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo diagnosticar os recursos hídricos na microbacia do córrego Três Barras, município de Marinópolis, SP. Os atributos avaliados foram: sólidos totais, suspensos e dissolvidos, turbidez, pH, dureza, cálcio, magnésio, ferro total, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido e coliformes (fecais e totais). Através dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que as concentrações de sólidos totais têm aumentado gradativamente ao longo do tempo principalmente no período chuvoso. O ferro total foi o único atributo avaliado cuja concentração sempre esteve acima dos limites críticos para a irrigação em todos os locais de amostragem e em todo o tempo de avaliação, representando um risco ao adequado funcionamento de sistemas de irrigação localizada. As concentrações de cálcio e magnésio encontrados, segundo as classificações estabelecidas, não oferecem restrições de uso para a irrigação, e embora os coliformes totais e fecais apresentem altas concentrações, somente o ponto 3 é considerado como inadequado, devido ao lançamento de efluente, devendo-se portanto, evitar a utilização da água nesse trecho do córrego para irrigação de vegetais a serem consumidos in natura / The impact of human activity on a territory may be assessed through the diagnosis of the quality required of surface water. Currently, there is great concern for the preservation of water resources, increasingly valued and charged the proper use of water. The object of this work was to diagnose the water resources in the watershed of stream Três Barras, municipality of Marinópolis, SP. Attributes evaluated were: total solids, suspended and dissolved, turbidity, pH, hardness, calcium, magnesium, total iron, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and fecal and total coliforms. Through the results it was found that concentrations of total solids have increased gradually over time mainly in the rainy season. The total iron was the only attribute evaluated with a concentration above the limits has always been critical for irrigation in all sampling locations and around the time of evaluation, pose a threat to the proper functioning of localised irrigation systems. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium found, according to classifications maintained, do not offer restrictions of use for irrigation and, although the fecal coliform and presenting high concentrations only the point 3 has been considered inappropriate due to the release of effluent and it should if so, refrain from using this stretch of stream water for irrigation of vegetables raw consumed

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / An investigation of mercury (Hg) in soils and stream sediments was conducted to understand the impact of urbanization on Hg deposition and accumulation on the upper west fork of the White River watershed in central Indiana. Samples were collected to the north and east (i.e., downwind) of emission sources to understand the anthropogenic influences on Hg distribution in soil. Stream sediment sampling was designed to characterize the riverine particulate deposition of Hg through Indianapolis and to predict the potential for stream sediments with high Hg to become sources of methylmercury (MeHg). Spatial analysis revealed that soil Hg was elevated downwind of known industrial emission sites, indicating a local footprint of Hg deposition in central Indiana. Hg in streambank sediments was generally low in up-river sites to the northeast of Indianapolis, and increased markedly as the White River flowed through downtown, with high Hg persisting to downstream rural locations far to the south approximately 40 miles. The stream sediment results also revealed variations in total Hg (Hg(T)) as a function of local depositional sources, sub-watershed location, combined sewer outflows (CSOs), and impoundments along the White River. Low Hg values were recorded where the White River flow rate increased south of the 16th street dam at the confluence of the Fall Creek, where bankside industry and development confine the river. Three tributaries feeding into the White River were included in this study site, all having CSOs. Fall Creek and Pleasant Run have higher values of Hg with Lick Creek having lower values in comparison to the White River and other tributaries. The highest values occur right before confluences to the White River where the flow rate slows and drops sediment. Mercury values typically increased immediately downstream of dams and impoundments. Hg(T) deposition and transport processes pose a problem to anglers fishing south of Indianapolis who may not be aware of the potential dangers related to elevated stream sediment Hg values and the greater potential for MeHg production from these sediments.

This thesis presents an independent, sediment-based record of landscape change within an agricultural hinterland. Established historical and archaeological sequences document the primary occupation of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka’s ancient capital, beginning ca. 400 BC and lasting until it was largely abandoned in AD 1017. Anuradhapura is located in the island’s dry zone, which depends almost completely on the unpredictable Northeastern Monsoon for water. Oral history and historical narratives have long held that large-scale irrigated rice cultivation took place in the hinterland to produce an agricultural surplus that sustained the urban and monastic populations. However, until the onset of the Anuradhapura Hinterland Project in 2005, the archaeological record of the hinterland was undocumented, leaving existing narratives untested. The geoarchaeological research presented here was undertaken as part of the Hinterland Project, in order to document the chronology and cultural and environmental processes that contributed to the formation of this irrigated landscape. Optical dating of sediments demonstrates that the onset of large-scale irrigation began ca. 400 BC, and the construction of new works continued until Anuradhapura’s late occupation period. Sampled reservoirs and channels began to infill, indicating widespread disuse, within ca. 100 years of Anuradhapura’s abandonment. Soil micromorphology and bulk sediment characterisation document hinterland habitation, water management, and cultivation activities prior to the establishment of large-scale irrigation. This work illustrates the coping strategies that people employed to deal with the vagaries of the dry zone environment and demonstrates that hinterland land use changed throughout the primary occupation period. Although largescale irrigation works infilled relatively rapidly, cultural activity and land use re-emerged following this period of disuse.