Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-07-20T00:00:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto da disserta??o_pdf.pdf: 8356606 bytes, checksum: ef40ed660bee11e41dcf73a2b03f9e89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-20T00:00:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto da disserta??o_pdf.pdf: 8356606 bytes, checksum: ef40ed660bee11e41dcf73a2b03f9e89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This research was conducted in the Quilombola communities of S?o Braz in Santo Amaro and in the Salamina Putumuju community of Maragogipe, both located in the state of Bahia, with the aim of developing ethno-ecological models that describe and reflect on how the quilombola populations of these communities perceive, assess and respond to the socio-environmental impacts, risks and vulnerabilities existing in the Bay of All Saints. To this end, we conducted 67 semi-structured interviews; field observations; focus groups and ethnocartography. We confirmed that the participating communities recognized the serious situation of vulnerabilities, involving a range of aspects, of which the most important are: lack of entitlement to their lands; occupation of the land around them and plans for new, high impact, businesses; uncertain access to basic rights; dependence on natural resources (under chronic and severe threat) to carry out their production activities; the weakening of local organization; little synergy of the forces set up between the communities and government institutions, with little influence on the processes that define policies applied to the region and the locality. In terms of risks and impacts, the main source of threats identified by the groups are of technological origin, which involve industries, factories, petroleum plants, property development tourism, the Pedra do Cavalo hydroelectric dam and power plant, and the Enseada do Paragua?u Shipyard. There are also threats that originate from an absence or inefficiency of the public authorities, such as: the presence of refuse dumps near to bodies of water; the direct discharge of sewage into the mangrove ecosystem; and the lack of inspection to prevent deforestation and the use of fishing explosives. According to the interviewees, fishing resources suffer the most intense impacts, including: a reduced number of fish, molluscs and crustaceans; the pollution and contamination of the sea, rivers and mangroves; fish mortality; and the disappearance of fish and shellfish species. The community capacity to respond and adapt to the impacts and risk they face is small, their defence strategy is based on the construction of partnerships; reporting infringements to the Public Prosecutor?s Office and through the construction of production alternatives for income generation through agriculture and extractivism. It was found that these agro-fishing communities have a great proprietorial knowledge of the ecosystems in which they live, as well as of the changes taking place. We also identified elements regarding impacts and risks that other types of studies have not considered. This study thus reinforces the assertion that the participation of local agents is an essential factor in the planning and management of traditional territories and the risks therein. / Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida nas comunidades Quilombolas de S?o Braz, em Santo Amaro, e na comunidade Salamina Putumuju, em Maragogipe, ambas localizadas no estado da Bahia,com o objetivo de elaborar modelos etnoecol?gicos que descrevam e reflitam como as popula??es quilombolas dessas comunidades percebem, avaliam e respondem aos impactos socioambientais, riscos e as vulnerabilidades existentes na Ba?a de Todos os Santos. Para isso foram realizadas 67 entrevistas semi-estruturas; observa??es de campo; grupo focal; e etnocartografia. Verificou-se que as comunidades participantes reconhecem um quadro grave de vulnerabilidades que se constituem atrav?s de diversos aspectos, sendo os mais importantes: falta de titula??o de seus territ?rios; ocupa??o do solo no entorno e proje??es de novos empreendimentos impactantes; acesso prec?rio a direitos b?sicos; depend?ncia dos recursos naturais (que est?o sob amea?as cr?nicas e agudas) para desenvolvimento de suas atividades produtivas; fragiliza??o da organiza??o local; pequena sinergia de for?as estabelecida entre as comunidades e as institui??es governamentais com pouca influ?ncia nos processos que definem as pol?ticas aplicadas a regi?o e a localidade. Quanto aos riscos e impactos, as principais fontes de amea?as identificadas pelos grupos s?o de origem tecnol?gica, que envolvem ind?strias, f?bricas, unidades petrol?feras, turismo imobili?rio, Barragem e Usina hidrel?trica da Pedra do Cavalo, e o Estaleiro da Enseada do Paragua?u. Al?m de amea?as originadas da aus?ncia ou inefici?ncia de atua??o do poder p?blico, como: a presen?a de lix?es pr?ximos a corpos h?dricos; despejo direto de esgotos no ecossistema de manguezal; e falta de fiscaliza??o para impedir desmatamentos e o uso de explosivo na pesca. Segundo os entrevistados os impactos atingem com maior intensidade os recursos pesqueiros, entre os quais se destacam: a diminui??o de peixes, moluscos e crust?ceos; polui??o e contamina??o de rios, mar e manguezal; mortandade de peixes; e desaparecimento de esp?cies de peixes e mariscos. A capacidade de resposta e adapta??o das comunidades aos impactos e riscos enfrentados ? pequena, a estrat?gia de defesa ? baseada na constru??o de parcerias; encaminhamento de den?ncias ao Minist?rio P?blico e na constru??o de alternativas produtivas para gera??o de renda a partir da agricultura e do extrativismo. Constatou-se que as popula??es agropesqueiras dessas comunidades conhecem com grande propriedade os ecossistemas aos quais est?o inseridos, bem como suas mudan?as. Al?m de identificarem elementos sobre os impactos e riscos, que outros tipos de estudos n?o contemplam. Dessa maneira este estudo contribui para a afirma??o que a participa??o dos agentes locais ? fator imprescind?vel no planejamento e na gest?o dos territ?rios tradicionais e dos riscos neles existentes.