Bibliography / Thesis (MPhil (Military Science. Security Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African Navy (SAN) was created after the First World War as an indigenous naval capability for South Africa was deemed necessary. Its roles and responsibilities through the years have depended on both the requirements of the state, and the political realities of the time. Possible future roles in peace support would therefore depend on political requirements as well as the capabilities and composition of the SAN. To date, the SAN has only contributed to peace support by way of the patrols carried out by the SAN Operations Boat Squadron on Lake Tanganyika, and assistance from the Maritime Reaction Squadron in VIP protection duties in Burundi. The seemingly minor nature of this contribution is disconcerting, because the contributions of the SANDF in present (ongoing) peace support are very highly rated by the South African Government. To enhance its visibility, the SAN should preferably play a more visible role in peace support in Africa, and generally in assisting in the maintenance of good order at sea around the African coastline. The potential contributions to or during peace support activities should therefore not only be seen as the direct support which the SAN can give to land forces carrying out peace support in a specific country, but also the support the SAN can give to maintaining good order in the corresponding, and other African, maritime zones. Potential contributions and roles of the SAN in particular therefore need to be interrogated more comprehensively to foster a deeper understanding of this unexplored field of study within the peace support environment, and that of Africa in particular. To determine the possible contributions and roles of the SAN, the traditional roles and the doctrines of navies (specifically those involved in peace support operations) were investigated. It was found that the roles emanating from the traditional roles for navies were assimilated into navies. doctrines, roles and tasks. Possible roles and missions for the SAN are reflected in the SAN Maritime Doctrine. Regional expectations have added more roles and missions like the sharing of training, assets, expertise, information, the requirement of maintaining maritime security and the maintenance of good order at sea. The assets available in the SAN (and the future assets) seem to be adequate to carry out possible peace support activities. However, the potential roles and contributions of the SAN to peace support will be limited by the scope of future budgets and the shortages of skills, equipment and capacity. The foreseen budgets available will not allow participation in activities beyond those being undertaken at present. Unless more funding is received, the potential roles and contributions of the SAN towards peace support activities in Africa will probably not extend beyond some lake patrols and VIP protection. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid Afrikaanse Vloot (SAV) het na die Eerste Wêreld Oorlog tot stand gekom omrede so 'n inheemse vloot as broodnodig vir Suid Afrika beskou was. Die SAV se rol en verantwoordelikhede was deur die geskiedenis gerig deur die behoeftes van die regering van die dag en van die politieke oorwegings van die oomblik. Toekomstige verantwoordelikhede vir vredesteun sal insgelyks afhang van politieke oorwegings, sowel as die aard van, en bates beskikbaar vir, die SAV. Tot dusver was die SAV bydrae aan vredesteun beperk tot patrollies deur die SAV Operasionele Booteskader op die Tanganjika meer in Burundi, en bystand deur die Maritieme Reaksie Eskader met BBP werk in Burundi. Hierdie geringe bydraes is onstellend omrede vredesteun pogings belangrik geag word deur die Suid Afrikaanse regering. Die SAV sal dus 'n groter rol in vredesteun in Afrika moet speel, en veral in die instandhouding van goeie orde op see, ten einde beter sigbaarheid te bewerkstellig. Die potensiële SAV bydraes aan vredesteun aktiwiteite moet dus nie slegs gesien word in die direkte SAV steun aan landmagte betrokke by vredesteun in een of ander land nie, maar ook in die bydrae tot die instandhouding van goeie orde in die ooreenkomstige maritieme omgewings in Afrika. Potensiële SAV bydraes moet daarom in diepte ontleed word ten einde 'n beter insig te vekry in die maritieme streke (veral in Afrika) waar tot dusver maar min navorsing gedoen is. Om hierdie potensiële bydraes te bepaal, is die tradisionele rol en doktrines van vlote (veral die wat betrokke is by vredesteun) ondersoek. Daar is bevind dat die huidige doktrines, rol en take van vlote voortgevloei het uit die tradisionele rol van vlote. Moontlike rolle en bydraes van die SAV is reeds beskikbaar in die SAV Maritieme Doktrine (2006). Verdere moontlike bydraes spruit voort uit die verwagtinge van die verskillende streke in Afrika soos die deelname in Suid Afrikaanse opleiding, kundigheid en informasie, en die behoefte aan instandhouding van maritieme veiligheid en goeie orde op see. Die huidige en toekomstige bates van die SAV (insluitende skepe, eenhede en personeel) blyk voldoende te wees om by te dra tot moontlike vredesteun aktiwitiete. Die moontlike bydraes sal egter beperk word deur ontoereikende toekomstige begrotings en tekortkominge met betrekking tot kundigheid, toerusting en kapasiteit. Trouens, die huidige en toekomstige begrotings is ontoereikend vir verdere vredesteun bydraes buiten dit wat tot dusver gelewer word. Sonder 'n toename in die begroting sal die vredesteun pogings van die SAV beperk bly tot patrollies deur die SAV Operasionele Booteskader op die Tanganjika Meer, en bystand deur die Maritieme Reaksie Eskader in BBP werk.

The purpose of this study was to examine the life satisfaction of the wives of naval non-commissioned officers living in an isolated military suburb. As little is known about this phenomenon an exploratory design was used. A sample group of 81 wives was selected by means of stratified random sampling. Measuring instruments used were the Heimler Scale of Social Functioning and a needs assessment. The results of the study indicated that although a small majority of the wives experience their lives as satisfactory they have a great deal of frustration. The two largest areas of low satisfaction was work and finances. It seems that these wives have sufficient support systems. The lack of transport seems to be a problem for these wives. The needs assessment identified a great interest in, and a need for certain courses, hobbies, aerobic classes and a daycare centre. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Science (Mental Health))

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This report investigates and evaluates the attrition rate and retention strategy employed by the South African Navy. The report also identifies gaps and makes recommendations for improvements, namely to decelerate the attrition rate and maintain a sustainable human resource component readily available to fulfil the South African Navy’s core business. It evaluates retention policies and the associated reasons for the rate of attrition. It also evaluates the success of the strategy employed by the South African Navy to attain and retain the required skills in order to contribute to the South African Navy’s sustained capability to serve South Africa. The literature review discusses the theoretical basis of the retention strategies and factors influencing the attrition rate of the South African Navy, the Department of Defence, the United States Navy, the Swiss Army and the Asian region. This has been done in order to establish a trend and find working solutions that will provide the underpinning for the recommendations proposed to decelerate the attrition rate in the South African Navy. The methodology for this study entails the use of qualitative methods – a questionnaire in this case – to collect data to obtain information on the reasons for the attrition rate. The information will also be used to reflect on the experience of the identified set of personnel who has exited the South African Navy between 1 January 2007 and 30 June 2008. The exited personnel members of the South African Navy, who form the basis of the sample for the study, had to complete a structured questionnaire. The data collection method also helped to identify specific social behaviour patterns or attitudes among staff members. This information is useful to provide insight into the main reasons for the attrition rate experienced by the South African Navy. The findings indicate that the majority of members who resigned from the South African Navy did so for higher salaries. This further indicates that the South African Navy’s salaries are not sufficiently competitive to retain members because private-sector salaries are much higher. An overwhelming number also indicated that the morale in the South African Navy is not good. This shows that members’ morale, which is a priority area in most organisations, is not at a desired level. This certainly contributes to the rate of attrition in the South African Navy. The majority of members feel that they did not receive appropriate support to enable them to do their work in the South African Navy. This indicates that no individual support or support mechanisms are present in the South African Navy. This contributes to the individual not performing at levels that would benefit the South African Navy. The lack of support leads to unhappy employees, and this adds to the reasons why members choose to resign from the South African Navy. The majority of members feel the Divisional System does not work the way it is supposed to work. The relationship between the divisional officer or line manager and the member is important for the South African Navy because this relationship forms the backbone of an efficient and effective South African Navy. It would appear that this area requires urgent attention to ensure the South African Navy maintains its operational capability. Recommendations for improvements include a change in leadership culture. The South African Navy must note that retention strategies that focus on financial incentives for the target groups, although an effective short-term solution, must consider the following in order to help reduce the attrition rate: • A change in the leadership culture. • The establishment of an Employee Morale and Well-being Division. The study highlights the challenges posed by the retention strategies and provides detailed research on the reasons for the attrition rate. The South African Navy’s leadership will find it difficult to compete with the private sector. However, the research findings have led to the following recommendations to retain staff in the South African Navy: the improvement of the leadership culture, greater care, and well-being programmes that focus on the commitment of members of the South African Navy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verslag ondersoek en evalueer die natuurlike afnamekoers en retensiestrategie wat die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot volg. Die verslag doen ook aanbevelings ten opsigte van verbeterings, naamlik om die natuurlike afnamekoers te verlangsaam en ’n volhoubare menslike hulpbronkomponent in stand te hou wat geredelik beskikbaar is om in die behoeftes die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot se kernbesigheid te voorsien. Die verslag evalueer retensiebeleid en die verwante redes vir die natuurlike afnamekoers. Dit evalueer ook die sukses van die strategie wat die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot volg om die nodige vaardighede te vind en te behou om te kan bydra tot die Vloot se volgehoue vermoë om Suid-Afrika te dien. Die literatuuroorsig bespreek die teoretiese grondslag van die retensiestrategieë en faktore wat die natuurlike afnamekoers in die volgende beïnvloed: die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot, die VSA se vloot, die Switserse weermag en die Asiatiese streek. Dit word gedoen om ’n tendens te bepaal en werkbare oplossings te vind wat die onderbou van die aanbevelings kan vorm wat gedoen word om die natuurlike afnamekoers in die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot te verlangsaam. Die metodologie vir hierdie studie behels die gebruik van kwalitatiewe metodes – ’n vraelys in hierdie geval – om data in te samel en om inligting te bekom oor die redes vir die natuurlike afnamekoers. Die inligting word ook gebruik om te besin oor die ervaring van ’n geïdentifiseerde groep personeellede wat tussen 1 Januarie 2007 en 30 Junie 2008 die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot verlaat het. Die personeellede wat die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot verlaat het, vorm die grondslag van die steekproef vir hierdie studie. Hulle moes almal ’n gestruktureerde vraelys invul. Die data-insamelingsmetode het ook gehelp om spesifieke sosiale gedragspatrone of houdings by personeellede te identifiseer. Hierdie inligting is ook gebruik om insig te verkry in die vernaamste redes vir die natuurlike afnamekoers wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot ervaar word. Die bevindinge toon aan dat die meerderheid lede wat uit die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot bedank het dit vir hoër salarisse gedoen het. Dit toon ook aan dat die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot se salarisse nie mededingend genoeg is om lede te behou nie omdat salarisse in die private sektor heelwat hoër is. ’n Oorweldigende aantal mense het ook aangedui dat die moraal in die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot nie na wense is nie. Dit toon dat lede se moraal, wat in die meeste organisasies 'n prioriteit is, nie op ’n verlangde vlak is nie. Dit dra gewis by tot die natuurlike afnamekoers in die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot. Die meerderheid lede voel dat hulle nie toepaslike ondersteuning ontvang sodat hulle hul werk in die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot behoorlik kan doen nie. Dit dui daarop dat geen individuele ondersteuning of ondersteuningsmeganismes in die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot teenwoordig is nie. Dit dra daartoe by dat individue nie presteer op vlakke wat die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot tot voordeel strek nie. Die gebrek aan ondersteuning lei tot ongelukkige werknemers, en dit is een van die redes waarom lede uit die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot bedank. Die meerderheid lede voel dat die Afdelingstelsel nie werk soos dit veronderstel is om te doen nie. Die verhouding tussen die Afdelingsoffisier of lynbestuurder en die lid is belangrik vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot omdat hierdie verhouding die ruggraat van ’n doeltreffende en doelmatige Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot vorm. Dringende aandag moet hieraan geskenk word om te verseker dat die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot sy bedryfsbevoegdheid behou. Aanbevelings vir verbeterings sluit ’n verandering in die leierskapkultuur in. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot moet daarop let dat retensiestrategieë wat op finansiële aansporings vir teikengroepe gegrond is bloot ’n doeltreffende korttermynoplossing bied. Hulle moet egter ook die volgende in ag neem om die natuurlike afnamekoers te help verminder: • ’n Verandering in die leierskapkultuur. • Die vestiging van ’n afdeling vir werknemer-moraal en -welsyn. Die studie verken ook die uitdagings wat die retensiestrategieë bied en vors die redes vir die natuurlike afnamekoers deeglik na. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot se leierskap sal dit moeilik vind om in die private sektor mee te ding. Die navorsingsbevindinge lei egter tot die volgende aanbevelings om personeel in die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot te behou: die verbetering van die leierskapkultuur, groter sorg, en welstandprogramme wat op die toewyding van lede van die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot gerig is.

The purpose of this study was to examine the life satisfaction of the wives of naval non-commissioned officers living in an isolated military suburb. As little is known about this phenomenon an exploratory design was used. A sample group of 81 wives was selected by means of stratified random sampling. Measuring instruments used were the Heimler Scale of Social Functioning and a needs assessment. The results of the study indicated that although a small majority of the wives experience their lives as satisfactory they have a great deal of frustration. The two largest areas of low satisfaction was work and finances. It seems that these wives have sufficient support systems. The lack of transport seems to be a problem for these wives. The needs assessment identified a great interest in, and a need for certain courses, hobbies, aerobic classes and a daycare centre. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Science (Mental Health))

Thesis (MMil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the beginning of naval power, navies have been used by their states as instruments of foreign policy. In South Africa, the political transition since 1994 originated the evolution of the country’s foreign policy. Accordingly, foreign policy has implications for the South African Navy (SAN). Traditionally, navies have three main roles, namely: military, policing and diplomatic, roles. This study only focuses on the diplomatic role of the navy, termed naval diplomacy. In this regard, the SAN is the custodian of South African naval diplomacy. The purpose of this study is to investigate and theoretically appraise the nature and scope of South African naval diplomacy since 1994. The study has two objectives: firstly, it seeks to outline the most salient features of South Africa’s foreign policy, post-1994, as the framework for naval diplomacy; and secondly, it seeks to analyse and describe how the SAN has utilised naval diplomacy, namely: maritime coercion, naval cooperation, international maritime assistance, and international conflict resolution and management, in pursuit of South Africa’s foreign policy objectives. The research methodology is a qualitative descriptive analysis, using a literature study, factual data sources, and interviews, as techniques. Both primary and secondary sources are consulted. This study makes an original contribution to the gap in the literature on South African naval diplomacy. In this regard, with the procurement of the recent ships and submarines, South African naval diplomatic capabilities have improved significantly. It is for this reason that the SAN is currently instrumental in maritime coercion in the region, particularly deterrence against piracy and other maritime insecurity issues. The SAN is also immensely involved in naval cooperation. In terms of international maritime assistance, the SAN does not only assist other countries in search and rescue missions, but also empower them. It also plays a vital and evolving role in international conflict resolution and management. The, however, SAN faces several hindrances including ageing equipment and ships (such as strike craft and hydrographic survey vessel); lack of patrol vessels and sea lift capability; loss of skilled personnel; and other challenges. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die ontstaan van vlootmagte het state vlote as buitelandse beleidsinstrumente aangewend. Die politieke oorgang in Suid-Afrika in 1994 het tot ʼn evolusie in die land se buitelandse beleid aanleiding gegee, wat ook gevolge vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot (SAV) ingehou het. Tradisioneel het vlote drie hooffunksies, naamlik ʼn militêre, ʼn polisiëring en ʼn diplomatieke funksie. Hierdie studie fokus slegs op die diplomatieke funksie van die vloot, waarna verwys word as vlootdiplomasie, en die SAV se rol as die ‘bewaarder’ van Suid-Afrikaanse vlootdiplomasie. Die doel van hierdie studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die aard en omvang van Suid-Afrikaanse vlootdiplomasie sedert 1994 en dit aan die hand van relevante teoretiese beginsels te beoordeel. Hieruit voortspruitend is twee doelwitte: eerstens om die wesenskenmerke van Suid-Afrika se buitelandse beleid na 1994 as raamwerk vir vlootdiplomasie te gebruik; en tweedens om die wyse waarop vlootdiplomasie ter ondersteuning van Suid-Afrikaanse buitelandse beleidsdoelwitte aangewend is, te beskryf en te ontleed met spesifieke verwysing na maritieme dwang, samewerking tussen vlootmagte, internasionale maritieme hulpverlening, en internasionale konflikresolusie. Die navorsingsmetodologie is 'n kwalitatiewe beskrywende ontleding, gegrond op 'n literatuurstudie, feitlike bronne, en onderhoude. Beide primêre en sekondêre bronne is in die proses geraadpleeg. Hierdie studie is 'n oorspronklike bydrae om die leemte in die literatuur oor die Suid-Afrikaanse vlootdiplomasie aan te spreek. Na die onlangse aanskaffing van nuwe skepe en duikbote, het die SAV se diplomatieke vermoëns aansienlik verbeter. Die gevolg is dat die SAV tans ʼn wesenlike bydrae met betrekking tot maritieme dwang in die streek speel, veral wat teen-seerowery en ander maritieme veiligheidsbedreigings betref. Die SAV is ook baie betrokke in maritieme samewerking. Wat internasionale maritieme hulp betref, het die SAV ander lande met soek en reddingsoperasies bygestaan en ook bemagtig. Die SAV lewer ook ‘n groeiende bydrae tot internasionale konflikresolusie en bestuur. Maar die SAV staar ook verskeie uitdagings in die gesig wat die volgende insluit: verouderde toerusting en skepe (soos aanvalsvaartuie en die hidrografiese opmetingskip); 'n gebrek aan patrollievaartuie en 'n see-verplasingsvermoë; verlies van opgeleide personeel, en verskeie ander uitdagings.