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Validating an indigenous extraversion personality scale : a cross-cultural studyGeddes, Tamlyn K. 11 July 2013 (has links)
M.A. (Industrial Psychology) / The South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) project is an attempt to develop an indigenous personality measure that can be applied within the South African context. Such a measure is important as test developers and users are required to meet the requirements stipulated in South African legislation. The Extraversion cluster is one of the nine factors that make up the SAPI measure. The main aim of this study was to validate the Extraversion cluster for use within South Africa which included testing for equivalence and bias amongst the Germani, Nguni and Sotho language groups. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used within the current study. Data was gathered from working South Africans (N= 891) within the Gauteng province. The preliminary Extraversion scale consists of 31 items that yielded a three factor structure, namely Sociability, Talkativeness and Positive Emotionality. The Talkativeness factor was not found to be reliable although the overall Extraversion scale was identified as reliable. It was also found that Extraversion, as the higher order factor, was valid and reliable and had greater explanatory power than that of the individual factors. The results of the study also indicated that some of the language groups viewed the factors differently and that bias did occur for several of the items across the groups.
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Validation of the openness scale of the South African Personality InventoryNtuli, Ruwa Yvonne 18 July 2013 (has links)
M.Comm. (Industrial Psychology) / The objective of this study is to examine the construct validity of the Openness scale in the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI). The SAPI project aims to develop a personality questionnaire that is applicable in the multicultural South African context. A total of 891 students and working adults, of different race groups (White, Black, Indian and Coloured), with a minimum of Grade 12 or equivalent and speaking eleven different languages participated in the study. A cross sectional design was used to collect data using paper and pencil questionnaires administered in English. The Openness scale consisted of 23 items. A hierarchical Schmid-Leiman factor solution was used to investigate if a strong general Openness factor could be retrieved from participants’ responses. Tucker’s phi coefficient was used to determine factor congruence across language groups. The results suggest that more work is needed to improve validity and reliability of the current SAPI Openness scale, as it failed to produce a general Openness factor. Results show that it is difficult to attach meaningful psychological interpretations to scores on the Openness scale can be made.
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The cross-cultural validation of the conscientiousness scale of the South African Personality InventoryHorak, Shinell 18 July 2013 (has links)
M.Comm. (Industrial Psychology) / The purpose of the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) project is to develop a personality measure that can be used within the South African context and that can account for the diversity that exists within the South Africa. This study is intended at validating the Conscientiousness scale of the SAPI as well as considering how well the measure replicated across language groups (Germanic, Nguni and Sotho) in South Africa. The data utilised in this study was collected from working individuals from a number of different organisations in South Africa (N = 890). The Conscientiousness scale consists of 36 items that yielded a five factor structure namely, Dedication, Discipline, Commitment, Orderliness, Organised. It was found that the Conscientiousness scale is a valid and reliable measure of the personality trait Conscientiousness scale. The results indicated that the general factor, Conscientiousness replicated well across the different language groups in South Africa, but the five factor solution did not yield conclusive results. Furthermore, the results of the Differential Test Functioning (DTF) analysis revealed that the scale had a significant effect size and upon further investigation it was shown that two of the items that had significant Differential Item Functioning (DIF) effect sizes could be removed in order to obtain a non-bias measure of Conscientiousness on the SAPI.
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South African personality inventory : the development of an investigation into the psychometric properties of the intellect cluster / A. LabuschagneLabuschagne, Antoinette January 2010 (has links)
The Employment Equity Act, 55 of 1998, Section 8 (Government Gazette, 1998) provides clear guidelines for psychometric testing in South Africa. Due to the cultural complexity of the South African population, personality tests in particular do not always comply with these specifications. Most personality tests used in South Africa have been developed in and imported from other countries, and are consequently not always appropriate for all cultural groups. Also, the majority of indigenous personality tests were developed and standardised specifically for the white population. Today a major challenge in personality assessment development is to develop and standardise inventories for the 11 official language groups in South Africa. The objectives of this study were to develop valid and reliable items for an Intellect–measuring instrument that will form part of a larger personality inventory, to investigate the factor solution of this Intellect cluster, and to compare the factor solutions of the white and African race groups respectively. An Intellect questionnaire consisting of 202 items was developed based on the qualitative phase of the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI). This research served as a pilot study. The sample consisted of (N=524) students from tertiary institutions in the Gauteng and the North West Provinces of South Africa. A quantitative design with an exploratory approach was used to collect data. Statistical analysis was used to analyse the data.
The results indicated that only 18 of the original 202 items proved to be unreliable. Acceptable reliability levels for all facets were found. First–order factor analysis produced two sub–clusters: Aesthetics and Intellect. The Aesthetics sub–cluster consisted of the Artistic, Concrete work and Creative facets, and the Intellect sub–cluster consisted of the Intellect, Knowledgeable, Logical, Self–insight, Articulate, Competent, Enterprising, Perceptive, Social Intellect and Understanding facets. Second–order factor analysis indicated a single–order factor for the Intellect cluster with two second–order factors: Aesthetics and Intellect. Support was found to discard the Musical and Enterprising facets from the Intellect cluster. Similar factor solutions were found for the white and African groups - except for the Musical facet, which loaded on the Aesthetics sub–cluster for the white group and on the Intellect sub–cluster for the African group. Recommendations were made for future research. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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South African personality inventory : the development of an investigation into the psychometric properties of the intellect cluster / A. LabuschagneLabuschagne, Antoinette January 2010 (has links)
The Employment Equity Act, 55 of 1998, Section 8 (Government Gazette, 1998) provides clear guidelines for psychometric testing in South Africa. Due to the cultural complexity of the South African population, personality tests in particular do not always comply with these specifications. Most personality tests used in South Africa have been developed in and imported from other countries, and are consequently not always appropriate for all cultural groups. Also, the majority of indigenous personality tests were developed and standardised specifically for the white population. Today a major challenge in personality assessment development is to develop and standardise inventories for the 11 official language groups in South Africa. The objectives of this study were to develop valid and reliable items for an Intellect–measuring instrument that will form part of a larger personality inventory, to investigate the factor solution of this Intellect cluster, and to compare the factor solutions of the white and African race groups respectively. An Intellect questionnaire consisting of 202 items was developed based on the qualitative phase of the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI). This research served as a pilot study. The sample consisted of (N=524) students from tertiary institutions in the Gauteng and the North West Provinces of South Africa. A quantitative design with an exploratory approach was used to collect data. Statistical analysis was used to analyse the data.
The results indicated that only 18 of the original 202 items proved to be unreliable. Acceptable reliability levels for all facets were found. First–order factor analysis produced two sub–clusters: Aesthetics and Intellect. The Aesthetics sub–cluster consisted of the Artistic, Concrete work and Creative facets, and the Intellect sub–cluster consisted of the Intellect, Knowledgeable, Logical, Self–insight, Articulate, Competent, Enterprising, Perceptive, Social Intellect and Understanding facets. Second–order factor analysis indicated a single–order factor for the Intellect cluster with two second–order factors: Aesthetics and Intellect. Support was found to discard the Musical and Enterprising facets from the Intellect cluster. Similar factor solutions were found for the white and African groups - except for the Musical facet, which loaded on the Aesthetics sub–cluster for the white group and on the Intellect sub–cluster for the African group. Recommendations were made for future research. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Determining the best factorial fit for the South African Personality Inventory : comparison of block- and random-item formationsCilliers, Caro January 2014 (has links)
A limited number of culturally appropriate personality assessments are currently available in South Africa due to the mass importation of psychometric assessments in the past. The South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) project was initiated as a result of the growing demand for culturally appropriate assessment instruments as well as the change in South African legislation regarding psychometric testing (Section 8 of the Employment Equity Act, No. 47 of 2013). The SAPI project aims to identify universal and culture-specific personality traits for all 11 language groups in South Africa. The project’s central research objectives are to develop a personality instrument that complies with South African legislation, meets all the regular criteria for adequate assessment as formulated in psychology, and is relevant for South-African institutions. The SAPI project consists of multiple studies that are aimed at enabling the use of the SAPI within the open market in order to allow practitioners to validly assess personality within the South African context. This study forms part of the quantitative body of work within the SAPI project and builds on the literature of the SAPI, resulting in a more acceptable instrument.
The primary objective of this study was to determine whether block– or random-item sequencing provides the best factorial replication within the framework of the SAPI. This was investigated by comparing the results obtained by administering both block- and random versions of the SAPI to a total sample of N=429 respondents at multiple private nursing education institutions. Both the block– and random-SAPI versions consisted of 262 closed-ended questions that were administered using a pen-and-paper methodology.
The data preparation indicated that four block- and 19 random-items were problematic and could not be included in the analysis. After removing the problematic items, a strategy was used to formulate a conclusion pertaining to the superior item sequence. This strategy included performing an exploratory factor analysis on each of the nine factors for both the random- and block-response sets. The factor loadings were analyzed, interpreted and presented separately. The researcher looked at the most plausible sub-cluster structure for each of the nine factors, followed by assessing the structural similarity between the two response sets by comparing them to the conceptual qualitative personality structure to identify which response set was more closely related. The reliability of all the factors and sub-clusters for both response sets were also analysed and reported. The final conclusion was derived from an overall comparison made between the block- and random response sets.
By utilizing the strategy it was determined that the block response set provided for a better structurally and factorially valid framework when applied to the conceptual personality structure of the SAPI. However, upon closer inspection, the differences between the block- and random response sets seem to be trivial. The findings therefore indicate that the random response set can also be used as only minor differences were noticed when compared to the block response set. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Human Resource Management / MCom / Unrestricted
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Assessing the factor structure of the South African Personality Inventory by employing a dichotomous and a polytomous response scalePrinsloo, Dalinda January 2013 (has links)
In a multicultural society such as South Africa, there is a need for valid and reliable instruments measuring personality. Most personality instruments currently used in South Africa are imported from abroad and therefore have limited utility in the South African context as they have been developed for a specific group. The introduction of technology has resulted in personality measuring instruments increasingly being administered by means of computer-based assessments. The dramatic increase in computer-based assessments has sparked debate regarding the use of various response scale categories in personality assessment.
The present study, which forms part of the broader South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) project, focused on the preliminary qualitative personality structure produced by the SAPI project, which is categorised into nine clusters. The current study aimed to determine whether a dichotomous or a polytomous response scale administered by means of computer-based assessments would be more suitable for measuring the preliminary personality structure of the SAPI. The participants were first- and second-year undergraduate students enrolled at a tertiary institution (N = 490). The inventory consisted of 262 closed-ended personality statements and was administered in both the dichotomous (“agree” and “disagree”) and polytomous (“strongly agree”, “agree”, “somewhat agree/disagree”, “strongly disagree” and “disagree”) response scale form.
The results, which were based on an exploratory factor analysis, revealed that 37.2% of the items in the dichotomous response scale were problematic, whereas only 3.6% of the items in the polytomous response scale were problematic. By comparing the factor structures of the dichotomous and polytomous response scales, the polytomous response scale was determined to be more suitable for measuring the preliminary personality structure of the SAPI.
The conclusion was based on two specific criteria. Firstly, the factor structure across the polytomous response scale loaded similarly to the qualitative personality structure that was conceptualised in the first phase of the SAPI project. Secondly, Cronbach alpha coefficients, ranging from 0.60 to 0.87 across the nine factors, with the exception of the Integrity and Openness clusters with values of 0.45 and 0.53 respectively, for the polytomous response scale were higher than those yielded by the dichotomous response scale. / Mini Dissertation (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Human Resource Management / MCom (Industrial Psychology) / unrestricted
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The development of an experimental integrity instrument for various cultural groups as conceptualised form the South African personality inventory (SAPI) projectLotter, Megon 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An urgent need exists for the development of a locally, multicultural personality instrument
for South Africa. The South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) project was launched with
the specific aim of developing a comprehensive personality questionnaire for all eleven South
African language groups that covers all major aspects of personality deemed relevant in the
South African context.
The current study focused on developing an experimental instrument for the integrity cluster,
one of the 9 SAPI clusters. This study forms part of the second phase of the SAPI project
(quantitative phase). In this phase the experimental integrity instrument was administered to a
sample of police reservists of the South African Police Service (SAPS; N = 1023).
Findings revealed that certain items should be removed (30 of 132 items were removed). The
first-order factor analysis confirmed one factor per facet that should be retained (specifically:
Honest, Loyal, Pretending, Responsible, Trustworthy, Truthful, and Fair) for most of the
facets. The exceptions were the Morally Conscious facet where two factors emerged and the
Discriminative facet where no significant factor emerged. With the exception of the
Discriminative facet (low reliability coefficient) and the Fair facet (average reliability
coefficient) all the facets demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability.
The study concluded that the underlying dimensionality of the data confirmed the structure of
the integrity cluster and the experimental integrity instrument. This first draft instrument can
thus be applied to multi-cultural groups. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika het ʼn dringende behoefte aan die ontwikkeling van plaaslike, multikulturele
persoonlikheidstoetse. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Persoonlikheidsinstrument projek is geloods met
die spesifieke doel om ʼn volledige persoonlikheidsvraelys vir al elf Suid-Afrikaanse
taalgroepe te ontwikkel, wat betrekking het op alle belangrike aspekte van persoonlikheid wat
relevant is tot die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks.
Die fokus van die huidige studie was om ʼn eksperimentele instrument op een van die SAPI se
9-kluster modelle te ontwikkel, naamlik die integriteitskluster. Dit vorm deel van die tweede
fase van die SAPI projek (kwantitatiewe fase) waar die eksperimentele integriteitsinstrument
op ʼn steekproef van intreevlak polisie-kandidate van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens
(SAPD), afgelê is (N = 1023).
Die bevindinge het getoon dat sekere items verwyder moes word (30 van 132 items is
verwyder). Die eerste-orde faktor analise het bevestig dat een faktor per faset behou moet
word (meer spesifiek, Eerlik, Lojaal, Skynheilig, Verantwoordelik, Betroubaar, Waarheid, en
Regverdig). Twee faktore het na vore gekom in die Moreel Bewuste faset en geen
betekenisvolle faktor was verkry vir die Diskriminerende faset nie. Alle fasette het
aanvaarbare vlakke van betroubaarheid geopenbaar, behalwe vir ʼn lae
betroubaarheidskoëffisiënt vir die Diskriminerende faset, en ʼn gemiddelde
betroubaarheidskoëffisiënt vir die Regverdigheidsfaset. Die gevolgtrekking was dat die onderliggende dimensionaliteit van die data die struktuur van
die integriteitskluster en die eksperimentele integriteitsinstrument, bevestig het, asook dat die
eerste proef-instrument toegepas kan word op multikulturele groepe.
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The development of an experimental conscientiousness measurement instrument within the SAPI projectJanse van Rensburg, Charnelle 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In psychology literature Conscientiousness forms part of a model that describes personality. Conscientiousness is defined by characteristics such as hard-working, determined, dutiful and perseverance. Conscientiousness is also a strong indicator of work performance and is often used for psychometric assessments during selection. However, in South Africa psychometric assessment, and especially personality testing, has been scrutinized to ensure that it is fair and unbiased in a multicultural society.
This study focused on the development of a Conscientiousness questionnaire based on a South African model of conscientiousness, which forms one factor of the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) nine cluster model. The study aimed to investigate whether this conscientiousness questionnaire measures conscientiousness in South Africa. The study formed part of the second phase of the SAPI project (quantitative phase). An experimental conscientiousness instrument consisting of 255 items was administered to a sample of South African Police Service (SAPS) police reservists (N = 1051).
Following various analysis 88 of the 255 items were removed. The facets also increased to 26. Cronbach alpha coefficient scores showed acceptable levels of reliability for 21 of the 26 facets. Factor analysis indicated that one factor should be retained. 19 facets loaded on this factor. The findings thus confirm the underlying dimensionality of the conscientiousness cluster. However, the findings also indicate that some facets may have to be re-defined. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die sielkunde literatuur is konsensieusheid deel van 'n model wat persoonlikheid beskryf. Dit word gedefinieer deur eienskappe soos hardwerkendheid, determinasie, pligsgetrouheid en uithouvermoë. Konsensieusheid is ook 'n sterk aanwyser van werkprestasie en word dikwels gebruik vir psigometriese assessering gedurende seleksie. Maar die gebruik van psigometriesetoetse en veral die gebruik van persoonlikheids toetse in Suid Afrika is egter onder die vergrootglas geplaas om te verseker dat hierdie toetse billik en onsydig toegepas kan word in Suid Afrika.
Hierdie studie fokus op die ontwikkeling van 'n konsensieheusheids-persoonlikheidsvraelys wat gebaseer is op die Suid Afrikaanse model van konsensieusheid en wat deel uitmaak van die Suid Afrikaanse Persoonlikheids-Inventaris (SAPI) se nege faktor model. Hierdie studie is deel van die tweede fase van die SAPI projek (kwantitatiewe fase) en stel ondersoek in of hierdie persoonlikheidsvraelys wel die konstruk van konsensieusheid meet in Suid Afrika. Die eksperimentele konsensieusheidsinstrument, wat bestaan uit 255 items, was aan 'n steekproef van intreevlak polisieaansoekers van die Suid Afrikaanse Polisie Dienste (N=1051) toegedien.
Na verskeie analises, is 88 van die 255 items verwyder. Die fasette het ook vermeerder na 26. Verder het die Cronbach Alpha koëffissiënttellings gunstige vlakke van betroubaarheid aangedui vir 21 van die 26 fasette. Faktoranalise het aangedui dat een faktor onttrek moet word en 19 fasette het hierop gelaai. Dus is die onderliggende dimensie van die konsensieusheid faktor bevestig. Daar sal egter van die fasette herdefineer moet word. / jfl2011
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The South African personality inventory : a psychometric evaluation of the Afrikaans versionRautenbach, Amanda Cornelia January 2019 (has links)
Orientation: South Africa’s cultural and linguistic diversity requires special measures to ensure that the assessments used in employment settings are scrupulously fair. To this end, Section 8 of The Employment Equity Act requires that psychometric tests are scientifically proved to be valid and reliable and not to discriminate unfairly against any individual or group. The South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) sets out to meet these criteria by incorporating culture-specific elements and by providing versions in each of South Africa’s 11 official languages.
o Research purpose: The key determination of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Afrikaans version of the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI). The aforementioned properties include item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analysis, product-moment correlation and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
o Motivation for the study: To contribute to the fair, valid and reliable use of the SAPI questionnaire in all language versions of the instrument by examining the psychometric properties of the Afrikaans version and comparing it with the validated English version. Once this has been done for each of the 11 official South African languages versions, a culturally neutral instrument will be available for the full diversity of employment settings in South Africa.
o Research design, approach and method: This study used a quantitative cross-sectional research design with an emic approach, objectivist ontology and a post-positivist research paradigm. Primary data was collected by administering the Afrikaans version of the SAPI questionnaire to a non-probability sample of 201 purposively selected white Afrikaans-speaking South Africans who are economically and non-economically active and have a minimum qualification of Grade 12. An online Afrikaans version of the SAPI along with a biographical questionnaire was used to collect data. Item analysis was investigated by means of a descriptive statistical analysis. An initial principle component analysis followed with exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the instrument’s factor structure. A reliability analysis was conducted in order to measure the internal consistency of the instrument. Product-moment correlations explored the relationships between variables. Further analysis was done to detect the relationships of the variables and to detect differences.
Main findings: The White Afrikaners attach immense importance to the social-relational factors. From the six factors, only three factors were extracted, namely the Social-relational Positive, combined Social-relational Negative/Conscientiousness, and Intellect/Openness factors. These factors showed adequate validity and reliability. The item functionality needs to be re-evaluated in order to measure all the six factors of the SAPI and different analytical techniques should be applied. The relationships between the remaining three factors were sufficient, and only age differences were detected in the experience of Social Relational Negative/Conscientiousness
o Practical/managerial implications: The results of this study provide a firm foundation for the further investigation of the validity of the Afrikaans version of the questionnaire. Furthermore, insight is given to researchers and practitioners on the need to develop, adapt or translate psychometric instruments, especially for use in an environment which is multicultural and multilingual.
o Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to cultural-specific research on the assessment of personality in South Africa. Its thorough investigation and attempt to validate the Afrikaans version of the SAPI is supported by an extensive body of literature relevant to standardizing the SAPI. Practitioners and organisations will now be able to administer a culturally informed personality assessment where the home language of the employees is Afrikaans. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Human Resource Management / MCom / Unrestricted
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