Thèse (M.Ps.)--Université Laval, 2003. / Bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Problem gambling currently affects between 5-7% of youth ages 12-18 (Hardooon & Derevensky, 2002); however, rates of problem gambling among youth who are involved with the Juvenile Justice System are more than twice that of school sample rates (Lieberman & Cuadrado, 2002). Furthermore, disordered gambling often co-occurs with substance use and criminal activity (Huang & Boyer, 2007), issues that are compounded in the Juvenile Justice population. The current study assessed gambling behaviors and risk factors of 145 youth involved in juvenile, juvenile drug, and family courts. Results indicated that nearly 13% of these youth are currently problem gamblers, and that males and African-Americans had higher problem gambling rates than female and Caucasian youth. Furthermore, gambling-related crime, substance use, scope of gambling activities, and time in detention facilities were all predictive of problem gambling severity, while suicidal ideation, urban environment, and lottery sales per capita were not. Finally, having a parent with a gambling problem also emerged as a risk factor;however, the risk was greater for males than for females. These results present a distinct need for youth to be screened for gambling problems upon entering and exiting the Juvenile Justice System, and for prevention and intervention services to be offered within juvenile and family court settings. Furthermore, communities need to take an active role in preventing youth gambling problems through increasing public awareness and insuring that appropriate and accurate messages reflecting gambling opportunities and outcomes are presented.

Selon la théorie de Jacobs (1988), l’expérience de dissociation est spécifique aux gens présentant une dépendance. D’autres auteurs, dont Bernstein et Putnam (1986), prétendent que la dissociation peut survenir dans la population normale. Le but de la individu pratique une activité qui le passionne. Pour ce faire, la dissociation est mesurée chez les trois groupes de personnes s’adonnant aux jeux de hasard et d’argent (N = 22), au cyclisme (N = 21) et à l’escalade (N = 20). Les participants reçoivent des questionnaires par la poste avec une enveloppe pré-affranchie. Par la suite, ils retournent cette enveloppe au chercheur. La Dissociative Expériences Scale (Bemstein & Putnam, 1986), adaptée pour la présente étude, a été utilisée pour mesurer la dissociation. Les résultats révèlent que les trois groupes ont rapporté de la dissociation. Le groupe de joueurs a obtenu des scores moyens de dissociation inférieurs à ceux des sportifs. Le concept du « flow » de Csikszentmihalyi (1975) permet certaines interprétations des résultats inattendus. Ces résultats suggèrent qu’il est possible de faire l’expérience de la dissociation lors de la pratique d’une activité qui nous passionne, et que cet état n’est pas spécifique aux gens qui éprouvent des problèmes de dépendances.

Problem gambling currently affects between 5-7% of youth ages 12-18 (Hardooon & Derevensky, 2002); however, rates of problem gambling among youth who are involved with the Juvenile Justice System are more than twice that of school sample rates (Lieberman & Cuadrado, 2002). Furthermore, disordered gambling often co-occurs with substance use and criminal activity (Huang & Boyer, 2007), issues that are compounded in the Juvenile Justice population. The current study assessed gambling behaviors and risk factors of 145 youth involved in juvenile, juvenile drug, and family courts. Results indicated that nearly 13% of these youth are currently problem gamblers, and that males and African-Americans had higher problem gambling rates than female and Caucasian youth. Furthermore, gambling-related crime, substance use, scope of gambling activities, and time in detention facilities were all predictive of problem gambling severity, while suicidal ideation, urban environment, and lottery sales per capita were not. Finally, having a parent with a gambling problem also emerged as a risk factor;however, the risk was greater for males than for females. These results present a distinct need for youth to be screened for gambling problems upon entering and exiting the Juvenile Justice System, and for prevention and intervention services to be offered within juvenile and family court settings. Furthermore, communities need to take an active role in preventing youth gambling problems through increasing public awareness and insuring that appropriate and accurate messages reflecting gambling opportunities and outcomes are presented.

Bouchard (1998) trouvait que 26,9 % des items du South Oaks Gambiing Screen-Revised Adolescent (SOGS-RA) étaient incompris chez les jeunes du deuxième cycle du primaire. La présente étude poursuit cette recherche en vérifiant la compréhension des items du SOGS-RA auprès de 126 adolescents de niveaux secondaire III, IV et V. L’évaluation du questionnaire comporte quatre étapes. Le SOGS-RA est d ’abord administré en classe. Suit une entrevue individuelle où chaque participant sélectionné explique la signification des questions. Les questions incomprises lui sont ensuite expliquées avant qu’il ne réponde une seconde fois au questionnaire. Les résultats démontrent qu’en moyenne, les jeunes éprouvent de la difficulté à saisir le sens de 11,7 % des items. De plus, la deuxième administration du questionnaire diminue de 47,1 % le nombre de joueurs pathologiques et de 34,6 % le nombre de joueurs potentiels. L’utilisation du SOGS-RA comme instrument d’identification du jeu pathologique chez les adolescents est abordée lors de la discussion.