Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / 30% of the country's population are currently unemployed and this statistic is increasing steadily. Further deterioration of the South African economy and increased unemployment, is likely to increase social instability and continue to marginalise a major proportion of society. Global economic downturn as well as the crash of the Asian economies in the mid-1990's resulted in job losses for both the working class and middle class sectors of society. The literature however suggests that the effects of unemployment are likely to be experienced differently by working and middle class individuals. This reiterates the argument that the unemployed should not be perceived as a homogenous group. The study utilises a broad epistemological framework of social constructionism and employs the theoretical assumptions of Marxism as the theoretical basis for the research.

Although universities have not historically focused on their own organisational leadership as a subject of academic enquiry, there has been much academic substantiation of leadership knowledge as theory. My PhD dissertation was designed to explore the current typology of leadership in South African universities and to validate a conceptual model proposed in the dissertation. The model is based on complexity science and Ken Wilber’s theory of holism, and employs such key concepts as values, personal development, and mechanistic and holistic performance. The rationale for this study was the researcher’s desire to explore the qualities required of those in higher education leadership positions, in order for them to meet demands to widen access to education as well as to contribute to the social, cultural, and economic development of South Africa. The selected sample was composed of personnel occupying the senior management positions of Vice-Chancellor (VC) and/or Principal and/or Rector; Deputy Vice-Chancellor (DVC) and/or Vice-Principal; and Faculty Dean. The primary data collection methods were both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative results of the Cassandra© survey and the qualitative findings utilizing semi-structured interviews were merged at the interpretation stage. The data were analysed, coded, and organized according to the research questions. Significant findings were that the current funding crisis was a major challenge within the sector; however, fee-free higher education for all in the current economic context is neither equitable nor likely to be affordable in the medium term. The research revealed weakness in the understanding and practice of diversity within the sector. The strengths of staff who work directly with leaders were found to be wanting, as they are not always adequately skilled to do their jobs. Innovation was not a priority for leadership and the sector did very little to provide the space for innovation. Complexity science provides a useful tool for the analysis of leadership in higher education. Finally, a cogent model of leadership for South African higher education institutions is described, synthesized and presented.

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The primary marketing of South African mohair has been the topic of much discussion and it has become a contentious issue since producer prices became unusually unstable, producer returns increasingly uncertain, and production consequently began declining. This dissertation has aimed to structure these discussions and issues and to critically analyse the South African mohair marketing system in the evolving global agribusiness environment. It is widely documented that the intangible attributes of products are growing in importance as retailers and consumers become increasingly interested in and concerned about safety, provenance, welfare, society and sustainability. Marketing systems are consequently compelled to convey not only objective but also subjective product quality attributes. Mohair is an exclusive product with niche market appeal and the central question of this dissertation is whether mohair is inherently suited to the current fifty-five year old commodity-based marketing system in a marketing environment that requires marketing systems to convey far more information than commodity-based systems do. This, in effect, boils down to the question whether the mohair clip can be considered a commodity or a niche product. Historically, mohair has been considered a commodity and the marketing system for mohair has been structured accordingly. Mohair is, however, one of the scarcer animal fibres globally, diverse in its physical properties and is suitable for use in many products all of which have different market and demand characteristics. It is therefore argued that mohair currently boasts with the characteristics of a product despite its historical development as a commodity. Mohair’s unit type (whether it is a product or a commodity) informs two theoretical frameworks used to determine an appropriate governance structure for the exchange between producers and processors. Both these frameworks reveal that the exchange between mohair producers and processors should be governed by more intensively coordinated governance structures than the current spot market. This is in accordance with global trends where there is a shift away from open market trading to more stringent coordination of the supply chain. In view of this it is proposed that the spot market, which this dissertation contends to be a “value bottleneck” in some instances, be augmented by a number of hybrid governance structures like long term contracts, cooperation agreements or some form of vertical ownership to offer additional exchange structures, where necessary, to transmit all of mohair’s attributes more effectively between producers and processors and ultimately the whole mohair supply chain when required to do so. It is proposed that these additional options should function in tandem with the current spot market which continues to be a critical exchange mechanism for mohair that is used as a generic input to the production of multi-purpose blended fibres where price and availability are the major determinants of demand and not the type of fibre or its intangible attributes. In such instances the conveyance of any attributes other than price and quantity (within the respective classing standards) is superfluous and a spot market to facilitate the exchange would suffice since it provides sufficient coordination control for the specific transaction. The discontinued or diluted use of a spot market as proposed is, however, not without pitfalls. The spot market price for mohair is the only public price forming mechanism. If the use of the spot market were to be discontinued or diluted there would be no reliable yardstick to use for negotiating prices for mohair that is exchanged by means of other governance structures and alternative mechanisms would need to be developed to determine such prices. In an attempt to keep up with global trends in agricultural marketing a South African mohair producer group recently established an “innovative” approach to the marketing of mohair. This innovation in marketing is, however, not quite complete although the producer group have instinctively made huge strides in the right direction. The producer group also continues to make use of a spot market to exchange their niche quality mohair, resulting in relatively high transaction costs that could be reduced by more coordinated governance structures. Over and above the theoretical arguments to this effect, mohair producers are also demanding vertical coordination structures that require increased levels of coordination to govern the exchange between themselves and mohair processors. The implementation of such strategies would be best undertaken by brokers or producer groups given the superior levels of trust that producers have expressed in brokers and the fact that the levels of transaction costs are the lowest between parties where the greatest levels of trust are exhibited. The inefficiencies created by an inappropriate or incomplete marketing system for South African mohair are expected to lead to a loss of consumer value and a loss of potential profit throughout the mohair supply chain. In anticipation of the ever changing, and now consumer driven agricultural marketing environment the South African mohair industry would therefore be well advised to collectively consider and to encourage the creation of exchange mechanisms that offer greater coordination within the mohair supply chain to function in tandem with the current spot market exchange mechanism and to embrace these developments in a practical and mutually inclusive manner to the benefit of the whole South African mohair industry – a challenge that would compel the industry to shake off its reputation as a sluggish adapter to the dynamic changes in world markets. / Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / MSc / Unrestricted

"In assembling the information necessary for a study of a writer such as Stuart Cloete, a neophyte librarian will not only become better acquainted with the life and work of a well-known author but will also gain a useful working knowledge of the major reference tools found in most libraries. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to bring together the available biographical and bibliographical materials concerning Stuart Cloete, his life and work. The first part of the paper will consist of an account of Stuart Cloete's life. The second part will contain a brief description of his books included in Book Review Digest, together with reports of the reviewers' reactions to these works"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "January, 1960." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Sarah Rebecca Reed, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-48).

The continuous failure of South African municipal administration, governance and oversight, renders the effectiveness of the municipal audit committee, questionable. The purpose of this study is to propose a framework for improving audit committee effectiveness in South African municipalities. The purpose was achieved by obtaining an understanding of the factors influencing the effectiveness of the municipal audit committees from municipal stakeholders and audit committee members; further exploring the factors identified from the stakeholders and audit committee members through a literature study and review of best practices; and acquiring input from stakeholders regarding the relevance and completeness of the framework developed, leading to refining of the framework. A constructivist ontology and interpretivist epistemologies were employed to achieve the research objective and a qualitative research methodology was embraced, comprising of focus groups, a literature study and an interview survey. The agency theory was adopted as the grand theory for this study and the resource-based view of the firm theory was applied to the literature, to extend and complement the existing literature on the effectiveness of audit committees. During the first phase of the study, the Interactive Qualitative Analysis method was harnessed for conducting the focus groups and analyses of the data. Purposive sampling was applied to select 15 participants who were stakeholders and audit committee chairpersons of municipalities, to conduct two focus groups. Twenty-five affinities (factors) and 139 sub-affinities (sub-factors) that influence the effectiveness of audit committees were identified, consolidated into five themes. The second phase was to explore the factors identified by the focus groups through a literature study. The findings of the literature study and focus groups were employed to develop the draft framework consisting of a Framework for audit committees and a Framework for municipalities. The development of these two guides led to a third guide for National Treasury, provincial treasuries and SALGA. In the third phase, purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to select participants to semi-structured interviews, followed by the refinement of the framework. Based on the findings, a framework is proposed, comprising factors that can improve the effectiveness of audit committees in South African municipalities. Furthermore, activities that can be centralised to enhance the effectiveness of municipal audit committees are identified, and an improved framework for agency theory is introduced. / College of Accounting Sciences / D. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish a baseline database consisting of the morphometry of the South African neonatal pterygoid hamulus. Methods: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were conducted on 74 formalin-fixed neonatal cadavers and displayed on the Planmeca Romexis 4.6.0.R program for quantitative data measurement. The length, width and angle of inclination in the coronal and sagittal planes of the pterygoid hamulus and the inter-hamular distance were measured. Additionally, the distance from the pterygoid hamulus to the posterior nasal spine was measured. Statistical analysis was performed to compare sides, population groups and weight classes and to establish correlations between measurements. Results: Weight was found to be a determining factor in the morphometrics of the pterygoid hamulus, the exception being the inclination in the sagittal plane, results were therefore separated according to weight class. For neonates weighing less than or equal to 1 kg, the length of the pterygoid hamulus was 2.23 (SD 0.377) mm, the width of the pterygoid hamulus in the coronal plane was 0.938 (SD 0.162) mm and in the sagittal plane was 1.68 (SD 0.373) mm. For neonates weighing more than 1 kg, the length was 2.74 (SD 0.438) mm, the width in the coronal plane was 1.12 (SD 0.226) mm and in the sagittal plane was 1.87 (SD 0.446) mm. The regression formula between the inter-hamular distance and the distance between the pterygoid hamulus and posterior nasal spine was determined to be y=2.44+0.52x. No significant difference between right and left sides, sex or population group was found. Conclusion: Understanding how the neonatal pterygoid hamulus differs from the adult structure is important when surgery in the oropharyngeal area of infants is concerned. The correlations established in this study between biometrics and morphometrics allows for extrapolation of the morphometrics to be made in the absence of proper scanning equipment. / Dissertation (MSc) University of Pretoria, 2020. / Anatomy / MSc (Clinical Anatomy) / Unrestricted

This thesis is concerned with the invention of South African Anglo identity, and aims to provide a new perspective on how this identity was constructed in the Eastern Cape from c.1910 to 1965. In particular, it considers the ways in which the museum developed to construct South African Anglo identity in the Eastern Cape town of Grahamstown. In the nationalisms of the postcolonial states, independent countries possessed museums in their capitals. These institutions constituted an essential part of national heritage, were crucial for the advancement of education, and operated as a means through which the ‘imagined community’ of the nation state was itself curated and sustained. Postcolonial nationalisms are imagined through the grammar provided by empire. In other words, they are imagined in terms of the administrative and archaeological evidence that colonialism has ‘gathered’ and displayed in its museums. The visual representation of the artefact became a powerful signifier for national identity because of everyone’s awareness of its location in an infinite series of identical symbols. This thesis’s primary focus is on how South African Anglo identity was invented in two key sites in Grahamstown, namely, the school and the museum. It will illustrate how rifles, which were used by the cadet corps at St Andrew’s College, and which were carefully selected and displayed in the 1820 Settlers’ Memorial Museum’s Military Gallery, came to play a central role in symbolizing and militarizing Anglo identity in the eastern province in the twentieth century. In particular, this study will argue that although English identity was reinvented following the 1820 settlers’ centenary in Grahamstown, it was not imagined as a military identity until after the Second World War, and the return of the veterans to St Andrew’s College and the cadet corps. Importantly, it will indicate that the school and the museum comprised key sites through which South African Anglo identity was constructed to reflect images of the British soldier, who in the Eastern Cape, could adapt to local conditions.

In many instances, the South African Constitution is been seen as the most advanced constitutions in the world. Section 196(4)(f)(ii) of the Constitution has made provision for the Public Service Commission(PSC) to investigate grievances of employees in the Public Services and furthermore to recommend appropriate remedies. However, there is a contradiction when implementing these procedures, as the PSC tends to follow their own set of guidelines with regard to the relevant procedures to be followed when dealing with grievances. Due to this, the public servant [s] rights are been under minded and they seem to lose all confidence and faith with the system. The individual have the potential of resolving the differences that exist amongst them, if it is based on the honest and transparent manner. As mentioned above, even though it is the duty of the PSC to implement the proper grievance procedure at work, its fairness and objectivity will be tested and discuss further in detail in this research. However, in the South African Police Services, due to the nature of their protocol which emphasised on the seniority dominated by rank structure, creates an environment of inequality. Meaning that junior officers are not encourage to challenge their superior on the hostile treatment as it will be viewed as a lack of discipline on the part of the junior officer. The grievance procedure therefore, serves as the formal vehicle which the union will encourage the employee to follow in seeking for justice against unfair treatment. In most case the employee are sceptical to file a grievance against their seniors, for fear of victimization, however, this might worsen the situation if it was not brought to the attention of the management. On many occasions the employees have rather taken a decision to resign due to pressure from the management. In terms of section 186(1)(e) of the Labour Relations Act, continued employment are made intolerable if the discontent experience by the employees becomes more and more imminent in the work environment. In a situation where the continued employment has become intolerable, the employee can claim constructive dismissal. This research looks at the different ways which the courts arrive at, when deciding on cases from the South African legal system, in order to determine which tests to apply when dealing with constructive dismissal.

Bibliography: leaves 58-62. / To meet the requirements for the Master of Fine Art degree at the University of Cape Town my intention was to develop a series of sculptural assemblages which address a sense of subjective or poetic reality, using symbolically resonant found and fabricated objects. The body of work is to be understood as a sculptural parallel to (but not illustrative of) Magical Realist literature, in which arcane phenomena are incorporated into a narrative in order to achieve just such a sense of subjective reality.