A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts, Clinical Psychology. Johannesburg, September 1992 / No abstract provided.

A research report submitted to the faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Strategic Marketing / Since the 1980s, marketing researchers have conceptualised market orientation as an organisational culture that is geared towards delivering supreme customer value. However, one of the shortcomings of the market orientation concept is that it has failed to recognise the potential significance of strong brands, that is, it did not acknowledge brand orientation. A few studies have investigated the conceptualisation of brand orientation in relation to brand loyalty; and the involvement of brand commitment and brand trust in mediating this association in the business-to-business context. Thus, it is the aim of this study to examine the impact of brand orientation on brand loyalty, and the roles played by brand commitment and brand trust in mediating the impact in the South African business-to-business environment. Two hundred and sixty one questionnaires were completed by top and senior managers of a B2B organisation in South Africa. Structural equation modelling and Smart Plus were employed in this study to examine the relationships between the constructs. This study provides empirical evidence that brand orientation has a positive and significant relationship with brand commitment and brand trust, and that brand commitment and brand trust have positive and significant respective relationships with brand loyalty in the South African B2B context. The results indicate that brand orientation (BO), brand commitment (BC) and brand trust (BT) all have a strong influence on Brand Loyalty (BL). Implications and limitations, as well as future research, are discussed in the study. Keywords: Brand Orientation, Brand Commitment, Brand trust, Brand Loyalty, B2B / GR2018

More than 20 million people in South Africa live without electricity in the household. Perhaps half of them live in underdeveloped rural areas in the 'homelands', which comprise about 14% of South Africa's land area. While considerable work has been done on methods of electrifying underdeveloped urban areas, little research has gone into the need for, and especially the cost of, electrifying the rural homeland areas. This dissertation documents an investigation into this question, using Ciskei as a sample area. The study is based on research that was carried out between July 1987 and January 1989. This research included a literature review of rural electrification and development, two field trips to Ciskei to gather relevant information, two questionnaire surveys to assess people's perceptions of electricity, and the design and costing of distribution and reticulation networks for a rural sample area in Ciskei.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in the branch of Psychiatry Johannesburg, 11 December 2018 / Background: Women with mental illness are at increased risk of unplanned pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes for themselves and their offspring. Aim: This study described patterns of contraceptive use, family planning education and contraceptive preferences in female mental health care users of childbearing age at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Soweto. The study also aimed to determine associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and contraceptive choices and to assess perceived barriers to contraception. Methods: A convenience sample of 190 women aged 18-49 were recruited from outpatients and inpatients. A structured interview using a questionnaire was administered and diagnosis and treatment were obtained from patients’ files. Results: Consistent contraceptive use was 44.7%. Total contraceptive use was 60%. Family planning education had been done with 26.8% of participants. The commonest reason for not using contraception was not being in a relationship (21.6%). The commonest form of contraception was the male condom and 28.9% participants used barrier methods of contraception. Family planning education (p=0.87) and teratogen use (p=0.56) were not associated with contraceptive utilisation. Positive associations were found between contraceptive use and depression (p=0.0068); and between employment and family planning education (p=0.015) Conclusion: Despite contraceptive use being similar to that of the general South African population, there were low levels of family planning education. Participants may be at risk of teratogen exposure during pregnancy. They may also be at risk of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections due to inconsistent contraceptive use and low rates of barrier contraception use. / E.K. 2019

Consideration is given firstly to the origins of the principle of a shipowner being entitled to limit his liability to third parties who have suffered loss or injury as a result of the negligent navigation or management of his ship noting that the principle evolved as a matter of public policy designed to encourage shipping and trade. The various attempts at reaching international unity are then reviewed by way of reference to the 1924, 1957 and 1976 Conventions on Limitation of Shipowners' Liability including comment on the separate limitation regimes introduced by the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules in respect of the carriage of goods by sea. e the adoption of the principle of limitation into the South African law with the coming into force as at 1960 of the Merchant Shipping Act is then considered, it being noted here that the relevant provisions of No. 57 of 1951 reflect, rather than repeat the (then) corresponding provisions in the English law following on the adoption and enactment by that country of the 1957 Limitation Convention. The word reflect is used advisedly as South Africa is neither a signatory to nor has it adopted the 1957 Convention per se resulting in a measure of uncertainty and difficulty when it comes to the application of the relevant provisions of the Act. These provisions viz. s 261 et seq are then dealt with in some detail with consideration being given to such matters as to who may limit their liability, what ships are subject to limitation, the amounts of limitation and how these are. calculated with reference to a ship's tonnage etc. e Finally under this Part, the question of which claims are subject to limitation and which, by way of separate legislative enactment, are not subject to limitation, is examined. PART B: Pages 21 to 42 This Part is devoted to the loss of the right to limit liability with an in-depth look being taken at the meaning of the words "actual fault or privity". Here particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the personalised requirement of s 261 (whose actual fault or privity are we concerned with etc.?) and what degree of culpability the words connote. Given the dearth of reported South African cases, the approach of van Heerden Jin The "SAINT PADARN", 1986 ( being the only South African case to date dealing with the subject) is followed by way of having regard to a number of the leading English cases commencing with Lennard's case of 1915 through the well-known "LADY GWENDOLEN" case of 1965 and the "new approach" introduced. by it and beyond to the House of Lords decision in the "MARION", 1984.

Coastal States have laid claim, progressively, to the sea areas adjoining them found until recent times these claims have been, ostensibly, to ensure the security of the State and the right to harvest the potential of the sea. It is obvious that foreign vessels, close to the coast of a State, could constitute a threat and in the past, as the dangers of improved weaponry became apparent, some coastal States felt the need to extend their territory still further seawards. However, the most significant claims to extended sovereignty have been in recent times, as a result of the efforts of coastal States to control the newly discovered potential of the seabed, and in particular, the continental shelf. As technology improves, the possibility of exploiting sea-bed resources will extend further and further seawards to the point where, in time, it will be possible to harvest and mine all of the seabed, regardless of depth. It should be noted that some States have extended their claims to a limit that the international community will not accept. An example oftJ,;s is the 200 nautical mile(nm) territorial waters claims of Argentina in 1966 and Brazil in 1970. Argentina has subsequently adjusted its claim to conform with the articles of the Law of the Sea Convention of 1982 LOSC. (1) Vast changes in the type and quantity of potentially hazardous substances, that are being transported by sea, such as crude oil, nuclear waste, chemicals, etc, have also brought with them an ever-increasing threat of pollution. To prevent the destruction of their resources, coastal States are also taking more stringent measures in the seas surrounding them. To illustrate this threat, during the period 1950 to 1975, the dead-weight tonnages of crude-oil tankers increased from an average of 30 000 to 500 000 tonnes and the draughts (depths) of these vessels increased from 10 metres to about 30 metres when loaded. This marked increase in size and draught of vessels could mean that the information on navigational hazards is inadequate for their safe passage. This has increased both the possibility of accidents and the gravity of the consequences of such accidents, thus making it urgent for coastal States to control their seaward territories and zones. It is the intention to consider all aspects of international law and marine-geological factors that could affect continental shelf claims of the Republic of South Africa (RSA). To be able to do this satisfactorily it is necessary to consider international treaties, conventions, judgements in international disputes and the practice of States that could be regarded as customary law. As some of the criteria used in international law to claim continental shelf depend on the geological configuration of the continental shelf of a coastal State it is necessary to consider geological concepts in general and the history of the shelf of the RSA in particular. It is anticipated that in some areas insufficient data will be available to finalise a claim and it is the intention also, therefore, to identify these areas and the data required for a comprehensive and internationally acceptable claim to be made. The deep-sea bed is being explored for possible exploitation, but the ownership of deep-sea resources was not satisfactorily regulated in international customary law. LOSC, adopted in J 982, has not been ratified by the major and most powerful coastal States. This is in spite of attending States to the Conference endeavouring at great length to resolve the problems. This is most likely due to the Articles in the Convention dealing with exploration and exploitation of the deep-sea bed. Of the resources found on the continental shelf, as defined in LOSC, extensive oil and gas reserves phosphorites, manganese nodules and diamonds make up more than 90% of the value of the total. Some of the lesser important resources include sand and gravel, titanium, tin, chromium, and zirconium. Pools of brine contain concentrations of lead, zinc, gold and silver and it must be accepted that advancing technology will eventually make these resources economically viable propositions. Continental shelf claims beyond any exclusive economic or fishing zones include sedentary species such as oysters, clams, lobsters and ~rabs, which could in some areas such as the Pacific Ocean become an important consideration for exploitation. The requirements for acceptable international standards of delineation of the continental shelf have not evolved through international customary Jaw, because there has been little if any reason for a coastal State to give serious thought to the exploitation of the land under the sea until the middle of the 20th century. The Convention on the Continental Shelf adopted in Geneva in 1958 was the first real effort, on an international scale, to draw up Convention rules capable of resolving the overlapping claims of States. (This convention is usually known as CSC, but to avoid confusion, it will be referred to as CSC58). This convention did not clarify the complexities of continental shelf or margin claims and the problem was further considered during the drafting of LOSC. In spite of the fact that major coastal States have not ratified this Convention most have, nevertheless, laid claim to areas of the continental shelf and to the exploration of the potential of the resources of the deep-sea bed. The criteria laid down in LOSC to delineate continental shelf claims include limits that could be determined ' from bathymetric records, from seismic reflection or refraction profiles of the margin and also from the ratio of sediment thickness to the distance of that sediment position to the foot of the slope.

The South African Income Tax Act No 58 of 1962 contains a number of specific as well as general anti-avoidance provisions. This dissertation places its main emphasis of focus on-the general anti-avoidance provisors contained in section 103 of the Act

The thesis explores four aspects of delimitation beginning with the terrestrial boundary...

The present treatise deals with the subject of negotiorum gestio, or unauthorised administration of the affairs of another, as it is developed and been applied in South African law. As appears from the tittle hereof, it is not merely a description of the relevant aspects of negotiorum gestio as applied in modern South African practice, but an historical and comparative analysis of an institution which has its origin in classical Roman Law and has experienced fruitful development over a period of approximately two thousand years. In this regard the historical method of research has been applied, commencing with the Roman origins, continuing with the medieval and later development and concluding with relevant law as applied in South Africa up to the present day.

Technological advance and industrialization lead to changes in the structure of the demand for labour. A relative decline in the demand for agricultural and 1mskilled workers occurs together with a relative increase in demand for workers in the skilled categories (professional, technical, managerial, and administrative; clerical and sales; service; and skilled industrial workers, e.g., artisans) which increases as a percentage of total employment over time. This pattern has been followed with great consistency in industrializing countries (Schreiner, 1967; 1961 Education Panel, 1963, 1966) and has certainly been the case in the United States (United States Department of Labour, 1963, 1964, 1965). Francis Wilson has written that 11 the signature tune of South Africa's economic history is surely the wailing of employers over the shortage of labour 11 (Wilson, 1972, p.86). In this study I will examine an aspect of this statement by looking at the concept (Section I), and reality in so far as it can be quantified (Section II), of the 'skills shortage' in South Africa. The latter is explored further in Section III in which the demand for African technicians discovered in fieldwork by the writer is discussed. Section IV is an examination of the extent to which current educational policy provides a supply of Africans educated at the higher levels to meet this demand. Section V contains the conclusion and recommendations of the study.