This thesis examines the arrangements and relationship amongst the member-States of ASEAN - the Association of South-east Asian Nations (though with less emphasis on Brunei, which only became the sixth and latest member of the Association upon its independence in January 1984) concerning the modern law of the sea issues that can most affect their national interests and the region directly, and which have developed particularly through the Third UN Law of the Sea Conference (UNCLOS III). Such issues are, first, the question of passage through the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, which has borne considerable law of the sea significance even long before the sixteenth century. Hence, such historical background is also explored. Secondly, since the Association consists of the two largest archipelagic States - Indonesia and the Philippines, considerations are given to the emergent archipelagic State concept, as recently developed, which is proved to have profound implications to the ASEAN members. So is the new concept of exclusive economic zone - an extended jurisdictional zone for marine living and non-living resources. The application of both of the latter concepts in the region will consequently render clear beneficiary and disadvantaged States among the members of ASEAN. Search for use of resources in the sea has also led ASEAN States to series of continental shelf boundary delimitation and one joint development arrangement agreements. These are analysed in comparison with a close examination of recent State practice and international adjudication. The thesis aims ultimately to demonstrate what roles the so-called 'ASEAN spirit' have played in influencing the practice of ASEAN States, their conflict management, their co-operation and their general outlook regarding such major law of the sea issues of the region.

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An attempt is made to examine the importance of the Pacific region to the economy of Singapore, using several standard methodologies in the international economics literature. Singapore's trade with and investment flows from the 'region' have been increasing significantly, while its interaction with Europe has diminished. Hence, in light of these developments, it is useful to explore the links between Singapore and the Pacific region, especially with respect to ASEAN. The trade aspect of the theses has been based on models developed by Balassa, who used them in an attempt to analyse the growth and development of the European Community. Firstly, in analysing the changing comparative advantage in the region, a measure of revealed comparative advantage is adopted, Balassa's export specialisation ratio (1965). Secondly, the changing pattern of trade in manufactured goods is examined in relation to changing country characteristics by the use of an econometric technique - ordinary least squares - (Balassa 1979). Then, using a measure of intra- industry trade (Grubel and Lloyd 1975), the figures are examined for ASEAN along with a study of intra-industry trade by commodity group for Singapore. Balassa's method of estimating trade creation and trade diversion (1963), is used in order to test the effectiveness of economic cooperation in ASEAN. Singapore adopted an open strategy towards Foreign Direct Investment (FDl). The effects on Singapore can be conveniently reviewed under the standard industrial economics format of structure, conduct and performance. Using Dunning's adaption of the 'industrial organisation approach' (1973), it is possible to show, by examining the statistical relationship between a number of structural variables and the sectoral distribution within the manufacturing industry (correlation technique - bivariate normal distribution), that the ownership advantages of multinational corporations have assisted Singapore's economic restructuring towards Higher allocative and technical efficiency; and that multinational corporations have adjusted to the changing locational advantages of Singapore's resource endowments rather more positively than national firms.

This thesis uses an interdisciplinary approach, combining the findings of anthropology with historical and archival research, to evaluate Bugis diaries to provide historical information relating to the kingdom of Boné in the late eighteenth century. The diary of Sultan Ahmad as-Salleh, which covers the period 1775 to 1795, forms the primary material for the study, and is examined alongside other, selected Bugis diaries. The first three chapters form the conceptual framework against which the Bugis diary must be understood. The methodology is set out in Chapter One. The second chapter provides historical, geographical and ethnological information about South Sulawesi; it introduces the Bugis and the regency of Boné, and discusses Bugis written tradition and the knowledge it reflects. Chapter Three is concerned with the Bugis language, its origin and the development of the written script. The specificity of the Bugis diaries as a distinct category of indigenous written works is discussed. Chapters Four, Five and Six apply the methodology to the diary of Sultan Ahmad as-Salleh, cross-referencing its entries to other contemporary primary sources. Throughout, the function of the court diary is considered, and its limitations, most notably concerning the objectivity, are identified and discussed. Chapter Four examines the political life of Boné, the most powerful and important of the Bugis kingdoms of South Sulawesi in the eighteenth century. Centering on particular episodes that occurred during his reign, the reliability of the king's diary is tested. In Chapter Five, information from the diary is used to produce an account of the economy of Boné and to describe a number of traditional economic practices of the inner circle at court. Chapter Six analyses what can be learned from his diary of the diverse social, cultural and religious practices in which the king was involved. Chapter Seven, in conclusion, reflects on the character of Sultan Ahmad as-Salleh, who ruled Boné from 1775 until his death in 1812. No physical memory of him has survived in South Sulawesi. His memorial is his diary and the light that it sheds on Boné's past.

Thesis (B.A.Hons. 1971) from the Dept. of History, University of Adelaide, 1971.

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This is a study of agricultural modernization and socio-cultural change in two Bidayuh villages of Serian District, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Traditionally the people of Engkaroh and Tian were shifting cultivators producing mainly to meet their subsistence needs. Shifting cultivation is a traditional farming system and in Sarawak it has been associated with backwardness and poverty, especially by the policy makers and planners. Thus the national agricultural policy's goal of promoting agricultural commercialization is also targeted at this group of farmers. This study sought to understand how communities which practise such a system respond to change. This study demonstrates that Bidayuh agriculture in Engkaroh and Tian had evolved into a semi-commercial system and that the Bidayuh farmers were not constrained by tradition in accepting change. However, they changed in accordance to their perception of the local economic, socio-cultural, and political realities. In the field of economics, change was significantly influenced by the local pattern of change - an adaptive strategy which minimized the risks to the farming households. In the socio-cultural and political aspects, change occurred in a manner which did not jeopardise the integrity of the community. A comparative study of the two villages also shows that there were significant differences between them in their resources and relevant socio-cultural and economic environments, although they were situated in the same district and belonged to the same ethnic group. This had contributed to the difference in the responses to change of the farmers in the two villages. This finding also has important implications for the validity of centrally planned change in Malaysian government development strategies.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine the Anglo-Thai relations during the period between 1945-1954, with special reference to the diplomatic, political and security aspects. This thesis begins with the discussion on the Anglo-Thai peace negotiations for the settlement of war between the two countries leading to the signing of the Anglo-Thai Formal Agreement on January 1, 1946. I end the thesis at 1954 because, by the end of the year, Thailand had succeeded in fashioning itself as the bastion of Western defence in Southeast Asia. Chapter Two and Three examine the Anglo-Thai relations before and after the November coup of 1947 and the subsequent return of Pibul Songgram to office in April 1948. As always the case in international politics, after an unusual change of government, the question of recognition will be discussed in details. The subsequent chapters deal with the Malayan-Thai border relations. Chapter Four and Five examine the development of the Malay unrest in South Thailand in the context of the Anglo-Thai relations. The outbreak of the Communist insurgency in Malaya in mid-1948 had further complicated the situation along the Malayan-Thai border. Chapter Six examines early border collaboration to suppress the Malayan Communists along their common border. Chapter Seven examines the practicalities of the Anglo-Thai Border collaboration with special reference to the Malayan-Thai Police Border Agreement of September 1949. Chapter Seven and Eight focus on Indochina crisis and the Anglo-Thai response to the Viet Minh invasion of Laos and the Thai's appeal to the Security Council. The last chapter deals with the formation of SEATO. In her search for security against Communist threat, Thailand joined SEATO in September 1954. This thesis concludes with a summing up on the Anglo-Thai relations during the 1945-1954 period. This work is based mainly on the British Colonial Office, Foreign Office and the US State Department Records and personal papers of Tengku Mahmood Hahyideen, Tengku Abdul Jalal and Miss Barbara Whittingham-Jones.