This thesis examines the recent experience of industrial policy in Mozambique in the context of developments in the economy as a whole and in the Southern African region, in order to draw attention to the fundamental pressures and issues that form part of the economic policy decision-making process. The thesis analyses the debate between opponents and proponents of industrial policy, and concludes that there is no abstract rationale for or against industrial policy that is independent of the specific socio-economic pressures and processes of change under consideration. Orthodox and heterodox arguments for and against industrial policy tend to analyse either agents or linkages in a simplistic way and to ignore the dynamic relationships between them. Thus, they fail to acknowledge that decisions regarding investment and industrial strategies reflect a three-way interaction between the state, capital and labour under specific socio-economic conditions and pressures; that the state and the relationships between the economic agents through or outside the state are influenced by similar conditions, processes and forces; and that the state operates through the market. Hence, the state and the market are not alternatives to each other. Outside the analysis of specific socio-economic conditions there is no way of determining how strategies, policies and interactions between agents and linkages will materialise in economic performance. The main original contribution of the thesis consists of the expansion and application of the linkages-agencies analytical framework to the study of the recent experience of industrial development in Mozambique. This is done within the context of dynamic pressures, conflict, policy reform and development that occur in the economy as a whole, and pressures and influences associated with the Southern African region, in particular with the re-structuring of South African capitalism. Consistent long-term time series and cross section data sets were constructed, out of fragmented and inconsistent data sets, to analyse the performance and role of the manufacturing sector within the Mozambican economy over the last four decades, and to study the patterns of investment in the Mozambican economy in the 1990s.

The interannual variability of the sea ice in the Southern Ocean and its evolution projected for the end of the 21st century are investigated using observations and different types of models. First of all, none of the known atmospheric modes of variability are able to explain much of the total sea ice extent variability in the Southern Ocean. However, they have large influences on the local and regional scales. In particular, the response of the sea ice to the Southern Annular Mode is characterized by a dipole between the Ross Sea and the region around the Antarctic Peninsula caused by a low pressure anomaly in the Amundsen Sea in high SAM-index years. Secondly, the sea ice extent in the different regions seems to be mostly uncorrelated, showing that the total sea ice cover cannot be seen as a single entity, but merely as a combination of regional covers. Finally, it is shown why the projected distribution of sea ice is not a simple extrapolation of the current sea ice trends. The mechanisms responsible for the regional variability of the future sea-ice extents are discussed.

In the Santa Clara Avenue oil field, the nonmarine Sespe Formation of Oligocene age has produced 4 million barrels of oil trapped by a Miocene mafic igneous intrusion that cuts across bedding. Throughout most of the oil field, the Miocene and older beds dip about 15° northwest. The intrusion may be related to the outpouring of Conejo Volcanics throughout much of the southern Ventura basin. The Pacific Farms #1 well penetrated 1000 feet of igneous rocks below 5100 feet, whereas wells less than 500 feet to the northwest penetrated Sespe Formation over this interval. The western wall of the intrusion is located by 10 wells which pass repeatedly through the Sespe-intrusive contact. Structure contours on the intrusive contact with the Sespe on the northwest show Redacted for Privacy that the contact varies from N20°E,80°SE in the southern portion of the field, to N90°E,85°S in the northern end of the field. The southeast wall of the intrusion is not cut by wells, but its location is controlled by a well about 1200 feet southeast of the northwest wall. If the intrusive contact is rotated to its position when it was intruded prior to tilting of the middle and late Miocene Modelo Formation, the Sespe overhangs the igneous body along a contact with a paleo-dip of 80°NW. Lateral closure in the field may be due to early Miocene normal faulting of the Sespe Formation. In the Las Posas area, two faults are documented. Both faults cut the entire Miocene section but do not cut the Pliocene-Pleistocene Pico Formation. The Miocene Vaqueros is found only on the south side of the Las Posas fault. Intra-Sespe correlations show that the upthrown block of the Las Posas fault lost to erosion 1000 feet of Sespe in addition to the Vaqueros Formation. The Epworth syncline and Beryiwood anticline were folded prior to the deposition of the Pico Formation. / Graduation date: 1986

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Several soil chronosequences were studied in southern California to determine the relative impacts of time and climatic change on soil genesis. Studying soil development in climatic regimes that vary from the moist, xeric climate of the coastal basins and Transverse Ranges to the hot, arid climate of the interior deserts of southern California provide data useful for evaluation of the impact of climatic change as well as time on pedogenesis. Seven distinctive stages of soil development are recognized in the study area. The first three occur in Holocene soils, and the last four are associated with late to mid-Pleistocene geomorphic surfaces. A distinct pattern of secondary soil mineral authigenesis is observed in increasingly older soils. The rapid formation of vermiculite and iron oxyhydroxides in xeric climates is attributed to rapid alteration of unstable Fe-bearing aluminosilicates. Continuous weathering of abundant feldspars results in a predominance of neogenetic kaolinite in mid-Pleistocene soils. Slightly acidic to mildly alkaline soil pH, rapid hydrolysis, and availablity of organic complexes result in formation of significant amounts of metastable ferrihydrite in young Holocene and late Pleistocene soils. Ferrihydrite dehydration and crystal aggregation result in hematite formation and increasingly lower Fe(,2)O(,3)o:Fe(,2)O(,3)d ratios. Arid climatic regimes are conductive to minimal chemical weathering. Clay/iron oxhydroxide regression analyses and mass balance calculations show that much of the silicate clay and secondary carbonate have been derived from external sources rather than by chemical weathering. Clay mineral authigenesis is characterized primarily by conversion of montmorillonite to palygorskite. A compartmental model developed in this study accurately predicts calcic horizon development under Holocene soil water balance characteristics. Results of model predictions indicate that the distribution of carbonate observed in latest Pleistocene soils is related to past changes in climate. In addition, mass balance calculations suggest that large decreases in chemical reaction rates in soils due to soil temperature decreases may well be offset by increases in the magnitude of weathering. However, the results of this study indicate that calcium carbonate provides the most sensitive index of past climates when compared to other indices and that temporal change in climate has significantly influenced soil development in southern California.

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This thesis aims to reassess the principal concepts used by archaeologists in their attempts to interpret the late Iron Age archaeology of southern Israel and Jordan. This study focuses in particular on the archaeological remains that have traditionally been associated with the 'Edomites' mentioned in the Old Testament. This reassessment involves examining two inter-related themes. The first is largely historiographical, the aim being to highlight the socio-political and intellectual contexts in which the study of the 'Edomites' became an important discourse. This is achieved by contextualising both the beginnings of south Levantine Iron Age archaeology as a whole and the archaeological investigation of the 'Edomites', as well as the study of the historical sources that mention Edom' and the 'Edomites'. The second theme concerns the material culture used by archaeologists to address questions regarding the 'Edomites', such as the areas they spread to, whether they spread by migration, invasion, or trade, and the nature of their kingdom and religion. Firstly, the theoretical underpinnings of these archaeological approaches is reassessed. Building on that, an analysis of what is traditionally interpreted as 'Edomite' pottery - material that has been commonly used to address the questions posed above - is presented. This analysis focuses on the ways in which this type of pottery was used, and where possible, the contexts in which it was deposited/found, thus highlighting how people in the past used it as part of specific social practices. The results demonstrate that the pattern of material culture usually thought to underpin traditional understandings of 'Edomite' archaeology is actually quite varied and that 'Edomite' ethnicity may not be the best explanation for such diversity. Following the critique of the discourse of 'Edomite' archaeology, a number of alternative ways in which the late Iron Age material culture of the southern Levant might be understood are suggested. These alternatives focus on theories of practice, appropriation, and foodways.

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M.Com. (Economics) / The main purpose of the study was to investigate the role of economic integration in the economic development of the member states of an envisaged economically integrated Southern African bloc, that would include South Africa. The study contends that economic development will be aided, if economic integration were implemented correctly. Economic integration will influence both the allocation and distribution elements of the involved countries' wealth. Since economic development is inextricably entwined with the distribution of wealth, economic integration would have to give special attention to its effect on the distribution of wealth between countries. The mainstream theory of economic integration, however, places much more emphasis on the allocation aspect of integration than the distribution aspect. This imbalance means that economic integration, implemented according to the guidelines of the mainstream theory, will be detrimental to the economic development of especially the less developed countries. The orthodox approach to economic integration should therefore be adapted to the circumstances of developing countries. A suitable economic integration approach should comprise two steps. The first step involves the identification of areas for profitable specialisation, and the second the formulation of an economic integration strategy within the framework of a dirigiste approach to economic development. Porter's theory of the competitive advantage of nations served as the foundation for the formulation of the approaches to both economic development and economic integration in Southern Africa. Industry segments in which profitable specialisation could take place, were identified for South Africa, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe by means of Porter's statistical method, and afterwards classified in clusters. The development and integration approaches will be centred around the various identified clusters with competitive advantage.