American Indian lands and cultural resources have been observed, desired, and then taken by Euroamericans since the "Invasion of America." To know any case of such encroachment is to understand something of the entire history and perhaps the future of Native American - Euroamerican relations. But it is only by comparing cases through time and across space that we see most clearly the patterns that best help us understand this process of encroachment. From our reading of the literature on this subject, especially the outstanding contributions made by Francis Jennings in The Invasion of America (1975) and by Alfred Crosby in The Columbian Exchange (1972), it is clear that certain strategies of competition and domination are regularly utilized by Euroamericans. Because such strategies are deeply rooted in fundamental premises of Euroamerican culture (Hagen 1980:66), we can expect that the strategies are and will continue to be important factors where Native Americans and Euroamericans are competing for resources. Moreover, we believe that much contemporary competition for resources can be viewed as the latest phase in the continuing "Invasion of America" (MacDonald, 1980: 170).

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This report is the third produced by the University of Wisconsin -Parkside's Applied Urban Field School research team regarding the potential effects on Indian cultural resources by the Intermountain Power Project electrical transmission lines. This report focuses on is concerned with the Native American cultural resources found within the revised section of the transmission line corridor.

This is the second of three reports produced for the Intermountain Power Project Native American cultural heritage resource study conducted by Richard Stoffle and members of the University of Wisconsin -Parkside Applied Urban Field School for Applied Conservation Technology, Inc. This report focuses on Southern Paiute cultural resources within the Nevada section of the Intermountain Power Project. This report analyzes what value members of Native American groups historically present in southern Nevada place upon cultural resources that may be adversely affected by construction of the proposed transmission line and associated structures. It does so by describing specific concerns expressed by contemporary Native Americans, and by presenting an ethnohistorical analysis of how intergroup relations and forced Native American demographic and cultural changes have contributed to shaping contemporary values, perceptions and attitudes. The project also conveys Native American recommendations for mitigating adverse impacts of the proposed construction upon their cultural heritage.

This is the first of three reports produced for the Intermountain Power Project Native American cultural heritage resource study conducted by Richard Stoffle and members of the University of Wisconsin -Parkside Applied Urban Field School for Applied Conservation Technology, Inc. This report focuses on Southern Paiute cultural resources within theUtah section of the Intermountain Power Project. This report analyzes what value members of Native American groups historically present in Utah place upon cultural resources that may be adversely affected by construction of the proposed transmission line and associated structures. It does so by describing specific concerns expressed by contemporary Native Americans, and by presenting an ethnohistorical analysis of how intergroup relations and forced Native American demographic and cultural changes have contributed to shaping contemporary values, perceptions and attitudes. The project also conveys Native American recommendations for mitigating adverse impacts of the proposed construction upon their cultural heritage.

This is an American Indian ethnographic study for the Hoover Dam Bypass Project. The study sites included three bypass bridge alternatives, each located within one mile from where United States Highway 93 (U.S. 93), at the time of the study, crossed over the top of Hoover Dam at the Arizona-Nevada state line. Due to growth in population and commerce in the Southwest, the roadway at Hoover Dam has experienced a tremendous increase in traffic over the past 30 years, resulting in increased safety hazards to motorists, pedestrians, and the dam itself. Federal, state, and local governments have worked to find a solution to the impacts of increased traffic across Hoover Dam. This project was a continuation of EIS efforts that began in 1989. The goal of this project was to evaluate alternative crossings of the Colorado River near Hoover Dam. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential impacts to American Indian cultural resources related to the three proposed crossing alternatives. This report is an expanded version of the draft produced in 1998. In 2000, funding became available to carry out further ethnographic research and involve Mohave, Hualapai, and Southern Paiute people.

As part of the American Indian consultation process for the Hoover Dam Bypass Project the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) consults regularly with representatives of tribal groups that have an interest in cultural and traditional resources affected by the project plans and activities. The focus of this document is on information particular to understanding cultural landscapes and the long standing connections between the Southern Paiutes, Hualapais, and Mohaves and the revered sites of Sugarloaf Mountain and Goldstrike. In the end, these layered intertribal and geographic connections which link these sites met the criteria for establishing the eligibility of Sugarloaf Mountain and Gold Strike Canyon as Traditional Cultural Properties (TCPs). This report was prepared as part of the nomination process. Maps containing locations have been redacted from the public document. Tribal members who want a copy of the un-redacted report please contact Special Collections. Sugarloaf Mountain and Goldstrike Canyon officially were designated TCPs on September 4, 2004.

This is an applied ethnographic study of Southern Paiute cultural resources and how these are related to the natural ecosystems that surround and incorporate Zion National Park in southern Utah and Pipe Spring National Monument in northern Arizona. Southern Paiute people perceive Zion National Park and Pipe Spring National Monument as places whose significance derives from larger cultural and ecological landscapes. Southern Paiute people view both parks as being parts of riverine ecosystems. Zion National Park is a place along the Virgin River, and Pipe Spring National Monument part of the greater Kanab Creek Hydrological System. The current boundaries of both parks are largely irrelevant for understanding the lives of birds that fly along the river, of deer who seasonally migrate up and down the river, and of fish who swim in the river. Paiute people, whose ancestors lived along these riverine ecosystems for a thousand years or more, recognize that the plants they gathered, the animals they hunted, and the lives they lived are unrelated to the current boundaries of these two parks. As a result, the National Park Service and the Southern Paiutes arrived at the same conclusion: that is, to understand the cultural and natural significance of these parks requires knowledge of their relationships with other places. Thus it is both administratively and culturally appropriate for this applied ethnographic study to follow an ecosystem approach. This study was unique in two major ways. Unlike many other American Indian cultural resources studies conducted within National Parks at this period of time, this study moved beyond the formal boundaries of these NPS units in an effort to understand them as components of a broader natural ecosystem. As such, this study built upon the scientific and social framework for ecologically based stewardship of Federal lands and waters. This report provides both the ethnographic information relating to Pipe Spring National Monument and Zion National Park. This information was then incorporated in the parks’ resource management plans

This report is a Southern Paiute ethnographic study of the Grand Staircase- Escalante NM. This is the first report of activities conducted by the University of Arizona regarding Kaibab Paiute ethnographic resources currently within the boundaries of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM). The GSENM is a very large area that has been carved out of some of the most topographically and ecologically diverse lands in North America and contain a range of important Southern Paiute cultural resources and places. The Kaibab Paiute people were one of a number of Southern Paiute districts of the Southern Paiute nation who traditionally and aboriginally occupied and used the biotic and abiotic resources of this area. This study details the physical, prehistoric, historic, and cultural ties between the Southern Paiutes and the GSENM. In addition, this report presents the current relations of Southern Paiutes to this cultural landscape and the ways in which resource appropriation from the past continues to impact expressions of power in the present.

This report integrates and summarizes findings from the 1987 and 1988 Native American cultural resource studies related to the Yucca Mountain high level radioactive waste isolation facility. The purposes of the report are to describe the traditional cultural values associated with the Cultural Studies Area, describe the methods used in the research, and provide a theoretical discussion of the role of cultural resources in American Indian groups' past and contemporary society (DOE 1988:3 -9). Findings from these Native American cultural resource studies are presented in what are termed "interim reports." Each of these were submitted for concurrent review by the sixteen involved American Indian tribes, Science Applications International Corporation, and the Department of Energy. This report is based on five reports, including three interim reports.