Thesis (M.S. in Astronautical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Christopher M. Brophy, Jose O. Sinibaldi. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-47). Also available online.

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The purpose of this thesis is to propose the fundamental regulatory policy basis for a future domestic legislation governing private space activities in those States where their industry has or aspires to have a preponderant role in the pursuit of space activities and which have not yet crafted their national space regulatory framework. This study is based on the premises that the international legal framework governing space activities provides the fundamental basis for national space legislations and that the legislative experience of the countries which have adopted a domestic space legal scenario presents a useful model for delineating the principal basis of national legislation for those countries without specific national regulatory framework. The proposal is analyzed in light of Law Reform and participatory theory, conceived as a multifold dynamic process, requiring a national effort based on high level of State and private sector participation.

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The purpose of the thesis is to explore to what extent, if any, has the principle of the common heritage of mankind been implemented in the practice of states and in what areas. With that objective in mind, various fields of international law are critically canvassed, including the Antarctic Treaty, the Outer Space Treaty and the U.N. Convention on the law of the Sea, plus such international organizations as the European Space Agency and INMARSAT, all with the view to finding the best model for the application of the principle of the Common Heritage of Mankind to Outer Space. The thesis recommends the establishment of a special outer space organization as the best way to satisfy the needs of the developing countries and their expectations.

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The idea of democracy, in Western societies is inseparable from the public space. As an accessible space for all, public space provides a realm for everyday activities, social interaction, communication, and the practice of democracy. However, in a country under the governance of a totalitarian regime, concepts like open dialogue, freedom of expression and debate, democratic encounter, and free social interaction are often suppressed. In Tehran, authorities dominate the official public spaces of the city. Surveillance and repression are vividly imposed on the everyday lives of citizens as well as the public spaces of the city. Therefore, a constant defiance and struggle has become characteristic of the lives of most Tehrani citizens, especially the youth. Through this struggle, citizens of Tehran have re-appropriated ordinary spaces of the city into a stage for practicing everyday activities and their rights to the city. This thesis is a study of Tehran???s public spaces and the role of both citizens and authorities in their creation. Official public spaces of Tehran are constantly monitored and subjugated by authorities, whereas subversive spaces offer alternatives for citizens to practice what has been repressed in official spaces. The defiance and struggle for rights, as it is manifested in the spaces of the city, is documented.

Space syntax uncovers hidden perspectives on geographic spaces and facilitates the study of the structure and form of spaces. Correlations of the human movement and space configurations are interesting observations revealed by space syntax. Much research demonstrates that urban configurations can affect the distribution of human flows in space and even form of land use patterns. The high correlation between the human movement and space structures can lead to the hypothesis that through this high correlation, it is possible to obtain information about a particular type of human activity and the number of people in a region. The present research investigates this possibility and tries to generate models for predicting the number of people who live in a region and the number of people who work in that region. The project takes a street network and calculates the space syntax’s measures and length of the streets. Based on regional boundaries in which the measures are located, sum, average, maximum and minimum of all measures are computed and assigned to the related regions. Next, correlations between them and nighttime (the number of people who live in the region) and daytime (the number of people who work in the region) populations are calculated. The significance test is run to check if the calculated correlations are real. From the significant correlations, the measures with high correlations are selected for the regression analyses and different regression models are generated. Finally the project selects the model which has 79% correspondence with the population counts as the result. The main application of this method is in Location-Based Services (LBS) which collect users’ trajectories via mobile positioning and communication technologies. However, hidden information in trajectories can be abused and can threaten the privacy and security of the users. Indeed this research is a preface for a new approach for trajectory anonymization. The method - based on the street network properties - counts the number of people that live in a region and work in another, to construct regions for the user such that the count is above a threshold then it cloaks the user’s trajectory within the constructed regions.