Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 81-84.

In early modern England (after 1707, Britain), there was an argument that war at sea, especially war in Spanish America, was an ideal means of warfare for England. This argument, whose origin can be traced back to the glorious memory of Elizabethan maritime war, revived at the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession. This thesis examines this pro-maritime war argument, by focusing on its connection with its supposed economic advantages, and investigates its impact on British politics and naval policy during the war, and changes after the war. It reveals that this argument received support from politicians of different political stances because of its alleged economic advantages; colonial maritime war was expected to damage enemy financial resources while enriching Britain, and help to recover the Spanish American market where French merchants were making a rapid advance. At the same time, it makes clear that different political affiliations of the supporters created two types of pro-maritime arguments with different political functions. The thesis also shows that the supporters of colonial maritime war in the government as well as in the opposition tried to implement pro-maritime war policy by naval operations such as capture of Spanish silver fleets and colonial expeditions, and by legislation such as the American Act of 1708. However, their attempts were frustrated by diplomatic considerations, incapacity of naval administration, and by conflicting interests between several groups concerned in the West Indian colonies and Spanish American trade. After the South Sea expedition planned by the South Sea Company in 1712 did not materialise due to similar difficulties, the government focused on protection of the Spanish American trade, and refrained from taking aggressive action against Spanish colonies partly because of considerations for the interests of the company which started the Asiento trade. On the other hand, by the late 1720s the opposition, which championed the interests of private merchants, gradually came to advocate pro-maritime war policy, which eventually led up to propaganda campaigns against the Walpole ministry in the period of the War of Jenkins’s Ear.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 336-342). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1959. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 20 (1959) no. 1, p. 126. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [266]-275).

Qu'il s'agisse de corporations ou d'Académies, l'existence de circuits de production artistique officiels (ou du moins formellement constitués), fournit à l'historien de l'art une grille de lecture permettant de structurer l'approche avec l'objet à étudier et avec les processus qui ont abouti à sa création. Cela ne se vérifie pas dans toute l'Amérique coloniale même si, paradoxalement, la légitimité du projet politique espagnol se fondait sur le succès de la campagne évangélisatrice et donc sur la mise en place de temples, ce qui théoriquement, devrait se traduire par l'imposition d'un goût officiel à travers de telles institutions. Face à l'impossibilité d'étudier la production artistique de la Nouvelle Grenade (Colombie actuelle) selon une histoire qualitative articulée autour d'un jugement de valeurs (le Beau, le Vrai le Bien), ce travail propose d'aborder le bâti religieux depuis la perspective d'une histoire culturelle. Comme instrument méthodologique nous avons privilégié la recherche heuristique. Délaissée par l'histoire de l'art colonial colombien depuis les années 1980, cette approche qui implique la mise en valeur du patrimoine documentaire, représente pourtant une source très abondante d'informations. Eloignés d'une histoire basée sur l'analyse de la forme et sur sa classification taxonomique, une lecture culturaliste des documents d'archive nous a permis d'approcher la chaîne de production du bâti, depuis la mise en place d'une réglementation jusqu'à la réalisation - ou l'abandon - du projet. Nous avons également identifié les différents acteurs susceptibles d'intervenir dans l'étape de d'invention du projet, en prêtant une attention particulière à leur formation afin de restituer les voies qui ont permis la circulation des idées et du savoir-faire. / Official circuits of art production such as Artistic corporations and Academies, provide the art historian with a wider context by which to approach the object and link it to the creation process. Unfortunately, such formal Academies and Corporations did not exist in ail of colonial Latin America, even though the success of the Spanish political project was based upon the evangelization process and thus, the construction of temples. Not being able to rely on the traditional methods to study the artistic production of the New Granada (present country of Colombia), we propose here to study the catholic temple construction from the perspective a cultural history. To this end, we used heuristic research. This methodological approach was abandoned in the study of Colimbian colonial art since the 1980s. Nevertheless, the use of archival documents represents a rich source of information. Thus, by avoiding the historical analysis based on the study of the shape and taxinomic classification of an object, we privileged a cultural interpretation of archival documents. Using this source, we were able to study the production of religious temples, from the establishment of rules and regulations to the finalization or abandonment of projects. We were also interested in the detailed analysis of the different actors that intervened at the creation level of a project. By stressing the study of their training we were able to reconstruct how the ideas and skills were transmitted on the place and time.

My dissertation focuses on the poetic production of three criollas —the offspring of Spaniards in the Americas— in dialogic relation with prominent male writers across the Atlantic. The works studied, Clarinda’s Discurso en loor de la Poesía (1608); Epístola a Belardo (1621) by Amarilis; and Sor Juana’s Primero sueño (1692) and La Respuesta (1691), span the entirety of the 17th century, in both the Viceroyalty of Perú and New Spain. Important interventions in Latin American colonial culture have noted criollos’ ambivalence towards the culture inherited from Spain as well as the need to assert their cultural agency through writing. The poets at the center of my study participate in this preoccupation with the added complication of being women, whose works are habitually read in isolation, as exceptions. My dissertation defines a feminine criolla poetics dialogically negotiated with western tradition, be it Spanish gongorismo or Italian humanism, while highlighting the tension between inserting themselves in the canon and critiquing it. In place of readings that emphasize the transfer of discourse and knowledge from the center to the periphery, from the metropole to the colonies, I demonstrate that the writings of these women challenge, or even reverse, this logic. My study analyzes rhetorical and intertextual strategies by which criollas, twice removed from power due to their birthplace and gender, negotiated a space in the canon. My analysis reveals the acute consciousness of gender that informs each woman’s writing; however, I also participate in recent movements in criticism and theory that interrogate conventional notions of power, space and the directionality of colonial exchange. This dissertation examines the processes of cultural appropriation as it defines a feminine criolla poetics dialogically negotiated with western tradition, one that also opens up a space to critique this tradition through parody, irony and textual transformation. This dissertation is written in Spanish.

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The object of this article is to study the mobilization of members of the Society of Jesus, as an example of the connection between different European and American territories in the early modern Spanish monarchy. It also reflects on the relation which might exist, in a Hispano-American world characterized by a situation of colonial domination and the birth of new societies and territories, between the mobility of members of religious orders and their ties to the local population. / El objeto de este artículo es estudiar la movilidad de los miembros de la Compañía de Jesús como uno de los ejemplos de la conexión entre los diferentes territorios europeos y americanos de la monarquía española en la Edad Moderna. Se trata también de reflexionar acerca de la relación que puede existir, en un mundo hispanoamericano caracterizado por una situación de dominación colonial y el nacimiento de nuevas sociedades y territorios, entre la movilidad de los religiosos y su arraigo local.

El artículo estudia el cambio léxico-semántico de apechugar, atarantado, baraja, blanca, desayunarse, pelar y pluma en varios países de Hispanoamérica (Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay y otros más), aunque hace hincapié en Venezuela. Verifica la evolución de estas voces mediante importantes obras lexicográficas. Su punto de partida lo constituye el uso que de estas piezas hace Juan de Castellanos en Elegías de Varones Ilustres de Indias (1589). Los resultados señalan que, transcurridos 500 años, salvo desayunarse, las palabras, aunque lexicalmente se mantienen en América, han generado nuevas entidades y, adicionalmente, han modificado su contenido. / This paper studies the lexical-semantic changes suffered by apechugar [undertake], atarantado [astounded, lightheaded, thoughless], baraja [quarrel], blanca [money], desayunarse [to get astonishing news], pelar [to get someone’s money], pluma [money] in several Spanish-speaking American countries (e.g. Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay and others) with emphasis on Venezuela. These words were used by Juan de Castellanos in his Elegías de Varones Ilustres de Indias (1589). The study verifies the evolution of these voices through lexicographical important books. The investigation concludes that, after 500 years, (i) the examined lexis stay in America, (ii) new entities have been produced from these vocabularies, (iii) the terms have changed their meaning, what giving them character own to the American Spanish.

My dissertation is focusing on the cocoa trade in colonial Spanish America. Cocoa is undoubtedly one of the New World products which has dominated Europe. The work is divided into four chapters. The first chapter focuses on pre-Columbus period. It describes the origin of cocoa bean, its spread and its significance to the first cultivators. Considerably big part of this chapter is dedicated to the importancy of cocoa bean for the Aztecs culture.The next chapter focuses on the arrival of Spanish colonists, their first experiences with cocoa bean, the beginning of the cocoa trade and its introduction and spread to Europe. The main points of the third chapter are the main areas of cocoa production and trading in the colonial period. Each part of this chapter focuses not only on the trade in Venezuela, Ecuador and New Spain but also on other related topics. The fourth chapter briefly describes Bourbon reforms and shows their influence on different areas of production in 18th and the beginning of 19th century. All findings are summarized at the final part. Keywords: Cocoa, trade, colonial Spanish America, Colonial administration, Spain, Viceroyalty of New Spain,Viceroyalty of Peru