Nada é considerada a primeira referência de romance do realismo existencialista do pósguerra civil espanhol. Em 1944, mesmo ano de seu lançamento, obteve o reconhecimento por parte da crítica especializada, com a primeira edição do Prêmio Nadal de Literatura. Hoje, é objeto de estudo dos que se ocupam com sua crítica e parte obrigatória de qualquer antologia ou história da literatura espanhola do século XX. O objetivo desta dissertação é fazer uma tradução da obra Nada, de Carmen Laforet. Relataremos os impasses que foram enfrentados nesta versão, seja na manutenção do estilo, seja na escolha do léxico, na fluidez do texto, nas estruturas gramaticais e semânticas do romance. A proposta é a de seguir o caminho sinuoso e complexo da tradução, mantendo o sentido e o tom do texto de partida. A pesquisa realizada junto aos teóricos sobre tradução fez-nos perceber a impossibilidade de postular uma única teoria que consiga resolver todas as facetas do processo tradutório. Uma vez que não há regras para todos os casos, sobram-nos como consolo os empíricos conselhos sobre literalidade e fidelidade, destinados a quem se aventura no universo da tradução. / \'Nada\' is considered to be the first framework for the existentialist realism of the Spanish postcivil war. In 1944, same year of its launch, it won recognition by the literary critic when it received the first edition of the Nadal prize of literature. Today it is object of study of the ones who occupy with its critique, and compulsory part of any anthology or 20th century Spanish literature history. The aim of this dissertation is to make a translation of the work Nada by Carmen Laforet. We will relate the impasse faced in this version, either in keeping the style, in the lexical choice, in the fluency of the text,or in the grammatical and semantical structures of the novel.The proposal is to follow the sinous and complex path of translation, maintaining the sense and the tone of the original. The research elaborated on translation by the theorists made us perceive the impossibility of postulating a single theory that is able to resolve all the facets of the translating process. Since there are no rules for all cases, we are left, as consolation, with the empirical advice on what is literal and faithful, aimed at whom takes risks in the universe of translation.

Nada é considerada a primeira referência de romance do realismo existencialista do pósguerra civil espanhol. Em 1944, mesmo ano de seu lançamento, obteve o reconhecimento por parte da crítica especializada, com a primeira edição do Prêmio Nadal de Literatura. Hoje, é objeto de estudo dos que se ocupam com sua crítica e parte obrigatória de qualquer antologia ou história da literatura espanhola do século XX. O objetivo desta dissertação é fazer uma tradução da obra Nada, de Carmen Laforet. Relataremos os impasses que foram enfrentados nesta versão, seja na manutenção do estilo, seja na escolha do léxico, na fluidez do texto, nas estruturas gramaticais e semânticas do romance. A proposta é a de seguir o caminho sinuoso e complexo da tradução, mantendo o sentido e o tom do texto de partida. A pesquisa realizada junto aos teóricos sobre tradução fez-nos perceber a impossibilidade de postular uma única teoria que consiga resolver todas as facetas do processo tradutório. Uma vez que não há regras para todos os casos, sobram-nos como consolo os empíricos conselhos sobre literalidade e fidelidade, destinados a quem se aventura no universo da tradução. / \'Nada\' is considered to be the first framework for the existentialist realism of the Spanish postcivil war. In 1944, same year of its launch, it won recognition by the literary critic when it received the first edition of the Nadal prize of literature. Today it is object of study of the ones who occupy with its critique, and compulsory part of any anthology or 20th century Spanish literature history. The aim of this dissertation is to make a translation of the work Nada by Carmen Laforet. We will relate the impasse faced in this version, either in keeping the style, in the lexical choice, in the fluency of the text,or in the grammatical and semantical structures of the novel.The proposal is to follow the sinous and complex path of translation, maintaining the sense and the tone of the original. The research elaborated on translation by the theorists made us perceive the impossibility of postulating a single theory that is able to resolve all the facets of the translating process. Since there are no rules for all cases, we are left, as consolation, with the empirical advice on what is literal and faithful, aimed at whom takes risks in the universe of translation.

On prétend éprouver dans cette étude l'hypothèse suivante : le retour, dans le roman espagnol récent, d'un courant défendant ouvertement la puissance critique et politique de l'écriture littéraire. Saisie à la fois comme discours social et comme forme du savoir, la littérature serait dès lors porteuse de dissensus et potentiellement transformatrice. Cette tendance à contre-Courant, si elle reste minoritaire, n'en est pas moins profondément significative. Au plan esthétique, la revendication des notions de responsabilité, d'intentionnalité et de politicité de l'écriture n'implique pas de recourir à la transparence et au monologisme du roman à thèse. Elle induit plutôt un réinvestissement paradoxal des formes brisées du postmodernisme littéraire, situant la fiction politique du côté de la problématisation des canons et des normes, de la dénaturalisation, de la désidentification et du décentrement, de la critique des partages établis ou de la perturbation des places, plutôt que dans la certitude monolithe et l'imposition autoritaire du message. Sur cette inscription générique paradoxale s'articule un nouveau réalisme critique, qui problématise à l'envie l'injonction mimétique tout en revendiquant l'héritage du grand roman social. Au plan théorique et rhétorique, l'adoption d'une posture maximaliste où se donnent à lire les fondements conceptuels de l'engagement classique – interventionnisme, historicisme, injonction au positionnement, projet de dévoilement – s'accompagne d'un rejet de la catégorie d'écriture engagée, à laquelle les auteurs préfèrent d'autres vocables – écriture résistante, révolutionnaire ou responsable. À la croisée du roman mémoriel et de la fiction politique – deux tendances dont on analysera les jeux de recouvrement –, notre corpus d'étude se compose de treize romans de trois écrivains représentatifs de ce courant : Alfons Cervera, Belén Gopegui et Isaac Rosa, trois romanciers dont l'œuvre semble indiquer l'émergence d'un nouveau paradigme esthétique dont on se propose d'analyser les enjeux formels, théoriques et institutionnels. / I intend to verify in this study the following hypothesis : the resurgence, in the recent Spanish novel, of a trend openly defending the critical and political power of literary writing. Seen both as a social discourse and as a form of knowledge, literature would therefore be the bearer of dissent and would be potentially transformative. This tendency against the current, while remaining minor, is nevertheless profoundly significant. As far as aesthetics is concerned, the claim of notions such as responsibility, intentionality and politicality of writing does not imply a resort to the transparency and monologism of the thesis novel. This new trend rather implies a paradoxical reinvestment of the shattered forms of literary postmodernism; it sets political fiction along with problematizing canons and norms, denaturalizing, de-Identifying, decentralizing, and criticizing the established categories or reregulating all representations of places. This trend does not allude to a monolithic conviction or an authoritative imposition of a message. From this paradoxical and generic inscription emerges a new critical realism, which problematizes over and over again the mimetic injunction while claiming the heritage of the great social novel. From a theoretical and rhetorical point of view, the adoption of a maximalist position in which one can read the conceptual foundations of classical engagement – interventionism, historicism, the injunction to take a stand, the project of unveiling – goes along with the rejection of the category of engaged literature, to which the authors prefer other terms – resistance, revolutionary or responsible writing. At the crossroads of the memorial novel and political fiction – two tendencies which I shall analyze for movements of coincidence – the corpus of my study is composed of thirteen novels by three writers representative of this new current : Alfons Cervera, Belén Gopegui and Isaac Rosa, three novelists whose works seem to indicate the emergence of a new aesthetic paradigm of political and literary engagement in today's Spanish novel which I shall analyze the formal, theoretical and institutional stakes.

DANIŠŠOVÁ, Alexandra. Carmen Martín Gaite, a modern woman. [Diploma thesis]. - Charles University. Faculty of Arts; Department of Romance studies. Hispanic studies. - Supervisor: doc. Juan Antonio Sánchez Fernández, Ph.D. Prague: FF UK, 2020. pp. 67. The aim of this diploma thesis is to point out the constant elements or themes that Carmen Martín Gaite deals with in her narrative work. The starting point of our work are two novels selected by us from various creative periods of the author, Entre visillos (1957) and Irse de casa (1998). In the analysis of the given works, we will pay attention to how the given elements stay permanent in the author's work across time, as she herself exceeded her time. Constant in her works are the characters protruding from the crowd, among whom are mainly women who do not accept their place reserved in the society by regime. The mentioned elements include a window as a stimulus to imagination and escape from everyday frustrations, a city as a space of freedom, a back room as a woman's personal space, a mother-daughter relationship or an absent interlocutor as a stimulus to self-analysis and the search for one's own identity. Keywords: Carmen Martín Gaite, female creation, back room, window, freedom, emancipation, independence, modernity, identity, imagination,...