Submitted by Antonio de Araujo Laplana (antonio.laplana@gmail.com) on 2018-06-21T23:05:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao com assinaturas.pdf: 2005416 bytes, checksum: 382bef7d72051ea2b91f854d3addf131 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2018-06-29T19:04:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao com assinaturas.pdf: 2005416 bytes, checksum: 382bef7d72051ea2b91f854d3addf131 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-02T20:04:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao com assinaturas.pdf: 2005416 bytes, checksum: 382bef7d72051ea2b91f854d3addf131 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 / This paper investigates the following research questions: (i) Do changes in Concealed Carry Weapon (CCW) legislation affect crime? (ii) In the case it does affect crime, are there spillover effects on crime rates in neighboring states? We explore state-level changes in gun control legislation in the U.S. from 1986 to 2014, which show a national trend of lowering the requirements for issuing a CCW permit. By employing a differences-in-differences strategy we find that lowering CCW demands raised drug-related crime rates by 15%, on average, in counties within states where the law was changed. Spillover effects in neighboring states also play an important role. In the counties across the state border (but close to it), violent and drug-related crime rates raised, on average, by 13% and 15%, respectively. We also find evidence that such spillover effects are spatial in nature. The results are robust to a variety of tests and are not driven by differential pre-trends.

This dissertation is attempting to estimate the effects of infrastructure on the economic performance in the sample of European countries. I created two models which try to estimate different impacts of infrastructure on the economy. First of them is based on the Cobb-Douglas production function which estimates the direct effect. Second, is the model based on the Holtz-Eakin and Schwartz approach which measures the spatial spillovereffect.

Yes / Digital finance is playing an increasingly prominent role in economic development. This paper examines the impact of digital finance on industrial structure upgrading based on panel data from 289 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2020. The paper adopts fixed effects, mediating effects, and spatial econometric models and the findings are as follows. First, digital finance development significantly boosts industrial structure upgrading in Chinese cities. The evidence remains valid after various robustness tests. Second, digital finance and industrial structure upgrading exhibit positive spatial spillover effects. Third, digital finance indirectly affects industrial structure upgrading through innovation, entrepreneurship and the structure of household consumption channels. Fourth, the influence of digital finance is more significant in cities with more developed economies, less financialization and lower income inequality. Finally, among the sub-indicators of digital finance, the breadth of coverage plays the most significant role, inspiring policymakers and financial institutions to speed up the digitization infrastructure in backward areas. / This work was supported by the Natural Science Fund of Hunan Province (2022JJ40647).

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-07-16T11:47:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 jessicadeoliveirafernandes.pdf: 1123892 bytes, checksum: 9652809e9b5db221e144e45f16405491 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-09-03T16:17:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jessicadeoliveirafernandes.pdf: 1123892 bytes, checksum: 9652809e9b5db221e144e45f16405491 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T16:17:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jessicadeoliveirafernandes.pdf: 1123892 bytes, checksum: 9652809e9b5db221e144e45f16405491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-11 / A avaliação das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPPs) no crime do Rio de Janeiro é um tema já discutido na literatura, no entanto, os autores tratam do tema não levam em consideração os deslocamentos espaciais de crime potencialmente existentes. Até o ano de 2014, as UPPs haviam sido implementadas em 38 comunidades circunscritas em 26 distritos policiais (DPs). Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o impacto das UPPs nas taxas de criminalidade entre 2007 e 2016. Para isso, foi realizada uma avaliação de tratamento por meio da abordagem das diferenças-em-diferenças espacial (SDID), método capaz de modelar o deslocamento espacial do crime das regiões tratadas para regiões vizinhas. Os resultados revelam que as UPPs reduziram as taxas de homicídios dolosos, furto a veículos e roubo de veículos nas regiões ocupadas. Além disso, houve um transbordamento dos benefícios da política pública para as regiões vizinhas. / The impact evaluation of Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPPs) in the Rio de Janeiro crime is a topic already discussed in the literature, however, the authors do not take into account the potentially existing spatial displacements of crime. Until the year of 2014, the UPPs have been implemented in 38 communities circumscribed in 26 police districts (DPs). This study is aimed at measuring the impact of the UPPs on crime rates between 2007 and 2016. To do so, a impact evaluation was performed by approaching the spatial difference-in-differences (SDID) which is able to treat crime spatial displacement of regions treated to neighboring regions. The findings reveal that the UPPs have reduced homicide rates, vehicle thefts and vehicles obberies at the occupied regions. Besides, there was a spatial spillover of the benefits of UPPs to the neighboring regions.

This study focuses on how spatial circumstances affect property owners’ preference toward sustainable urban development, in the form of three-essays. In the first essay, property owners’ preference toward the concept of compact development is identified. Compact development is an increasingly popular concept that includes multiple aspects, such as mixed land use, high density, and pedestrian/transit-friendly options. Previous hedonic literature on the comprehensive effect of compact development is limited. Also, spatial dependence in the data, something likely endemic to compact development, has not yet been thoroughly addressed. This study uses a spatial fixed-effect model, a spatial-autoregressive model with auto-regressive disturbances (SARAR), and a spatial fixed-effect SARAR model to determine the price effect of “compactness” in a major U.S. metropolitan area. By analyzing of 47,000 sales records in Fulton County over a decade, this study indicates that home buyers prefer to have smaller, more diffuse greenspace nearby, rather than a large, concentrated greenspace at a longer walking distance. High parcel density and diverse land use is consistently disvalued, and the premium on accessing public transportation is not identified among all models. No specific trend over time has been observed, despite the recession starting in 2008. Finally, a comprehensive index of compactness shows relatively high willingness-to-pay for compact development. The second essay tests the spatial spillover of signaling within the pursuit of LEED certification. The benefit of pursuing green building certification mainly comes from two aspects: the cost-effectiveness from energy efficiency and the signaling consideration, including the premium on property values, benefits from a better reputation, morality values, or purely pride. By analyzing all new constructions that received LEED certification from 2000 to 2012 (LEED-NC v2.0 to v2.2) in the U.S., this study tries to identify the size of the signaling effects, and spillover of signaling, as building owners pursue LEED certification. The results show that the signaling effect affects decision making in pursuing LEED certification, especially at scores around thresholds. The size of signaling effects differs among different owner types and different certificate levels. For the Gold level or below, government and non-profit-organization owners value signaling more than do profit-seeking firms. At the Platinum level, there is no significant difference among owner types. This study also finds that the signaling effect clusters spatially for government and profit-seeking firms. Finally, the results show that the cluster of signaling is independent from the cluster of LEED buildings, indicating that mechanisms behind the cluster of signaling are different from those of LEED constructions. The third essay tests the distance effect on the support for Atlanta BeltLine. Atlanta BeltLine, a large urban redevelopment project currently underway in the center of Atlanta, transforms 22 miles of historical railroad corridors into parks, trails, pedestrian-friendly transit areas, and affordable housing. This study aims to determine the distance effect on the support of Atlanta BeltLine and whether the implement of Tax Increment Financing (TIF) affects the support. The contributions of this exercise are twofold. First, it demonstrates the risks and remedies to missing spatial data by solving the technical problem of missing precise spatial location values. Second, it tests underlying reasons why distance can help explain the level of support that Atlanta BeltLine has received, with striking implications for theories like the Homevoter hypothesis. Survey data used in this study was conducted in summer 2009, about three years after the declaration of the project. The support by both homeowners and renters significantly declines as distance from the BeltLine increases. However, when residents’ tendency to use BeltLine parks and transits is entered as a variable, the distance effect disappears. By indicating that the distance effect comes from homeowners’ and renters’ the accessibility to BeltLine amenities, the result rejects the homevoter hypothesis, which holds that property value increment is the main mechanism behind support. The results also show that whether or not a homeowner or renter is a parent in City of Atlanta affects a person’s support of the BeltLine. These results lead to the conclusion that the concern of TIF affecting future school quality hampers the support of the project.

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