Adding flexibility to a process or technology often comes with a price. This holds true in the case of the amendments made to Java EE platform to upgrade to version 5. Java EE 5 allows Enterprise Java Bean (EJB) developers the ability to configure EJBs via Java 5 annotations, through XML deployment descriptors, or through a combination of both. While this adds flexibility to the EJB configuration process, it also comes with the price of an EJB project's stakeholder not being able to ascertain the current configuration of an EJB project until runtime, due to the multiple sources of configuration and the complex overriding rules. Furthermore, to detect errors in configuration or perform antipattern instance detection it is clearly beneficial to have a representation of an EJB project that accurately represents the current configuration of the system. This thesis first presents an EJB Framework Specific Modeling Language (FSML) that formalizes the EJB domain's specific components in the form of a cardinality-based feature model. By having such a model and using and extending the existing FSML infrastructure, one retrieves a Framework Specific Model (FSM) through reverse engineering that represents all the information from the various sources of EJB configuration. By analyzing this FSM, we can create another model that represents the resolved configuration of an EJB project. We employ model filtration to highlight specific sources of configuration. We then use open-source and custom EJB projects to evaluate the EJB FSML and the resolved model. Models admit antipattern instance detection. This thesis presents two methods for running antipattern instance detection on an EJB project using existing EJB antipatterns in literature: 1) queries in Java that execute against the resolved configuration model; and 2) queries written in .QL, an object-oriented query language, against the EJB project's source code. We compare these two techniques qualitatively and propose a new approach based on this comparison that entails modeling the antipatterns and their symptoms within an FSML model declaratively.

Adding flexibility to a process or technology often comes with a price. This holds true in the case of the amendments made to Java EE platform to upgrade to version 5. Java EE 5 allows Enterprise Java Bean (EJB) developers the ability to configure EJBs via Java 5 annotations, through XML deployment descriptors, or through a combination of both. While this adds flexibility to the EJB configuration process, it also comes with the price of an EJB project's stakeholder not being able to ascertain the current configuration of an EJB project until runtime, due to the multiple sources of configuration and the complex overriding rules. Furthermore, to detect errors in configuration or perform antipattern instance detection it is clearly beneficial to have a representation of an EJB project that accurately represents the current configuration of the system. This thesis first presents an EJB Framework Specific Modeling Language (FSML) that formalizes the EJB domain's specific components in the form of a cardinality-based feature model. By having such a model and using and extending the existing FSML infrastructure, one retrieves a Framework Specific Model (FSM) through reverse engineering that represents all the information from the various sources of EJB configuration. By analyzing this FSM, we can create another model that represents the resolved configuration of an EJB project. We employ model filtration to highlight specific sources of configuration. We then use open-source and custom EJB projects to evaluate the EJB FSML and the resolved model. Models admit antipattern instance detection. This thesis presents two methods for running antipattern instance detection on an EJB project using existing EJB antipatterns in literature: 1) queries in Java that execute against the resolved configuration model; and 2) queries written in .QL, an object-oriented query language, against the EJB project's source code. We compare these two techniques qualitatively and propose a new approach based on this comparison that entails modeling the antipatterns and their symptoms within an FSML model declaratively.

Java 2 Enterprise Edition is a portable, robust, scalable and secure platform for enterprise software development based on Java technologies, and embraces open standards through the Java Community Process (JCP). J2EE development is not very productive because of the complexity of the platform and the lack of good tool support. Object-Oriented Frame- works are a reliable design and code reuse approach. Many frameworks have emerged since J2EE’s release to ease development. Struts has become the de-facto standard, while JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a new framework, which has been included in the J2EE spec- ification and hence standardized. Both Struts and JSF frameworks are based on Model- View-Controller design pattern. JSF takes a similar approach to Struts for the controller component, but adds to it by providing user interface components with server-side state for the view component. This work deals with the problem of migrating an application based on the Struts frame- work to the new JSF framework. The software migration task is divided into view and con- troller migration. Controller migration is semi-automated using Antkiewicz’s Framework- Specific Modeling Languages (FSML) approach. Guidelines are provided for view migra- tion, which boils down to the problem of componentization. JSF and Struts frameworks can also be used together where JSF supports the view component while Struts supports the controller component. Merits and demerits of this approach are also discussed.

Java 2 Enterprise Edition is a portable, robust, scalable and secure platform for enterprise software development based on Java technologies, and embraces open standards through the Java Community Process (JCP). J2EE development is not very productive because of the complexity of the platform and the lack of good tool support. Object-Oriented Frame- works are a reliable design and code reuse approach. Many frameworks have emerged since J2EE’s release to ease development. Struts has become the de-facto standard, while JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a new framework, which has been included in the J2EE spec- ification and hence standardized. Both Struts and JSF frameworks are based on Model- View-Controller design pattern. JSF takes a similar approach to Struts for the controller component, but adds to it by providing user interface components with server-side state for the view component. This work deals with the problem of migrating an application based on the Struts frame- work to the new JSF framework. The software migration task is divided into view and con- troller migration. Controller migration is semi-automated using Antkiewicz’s Framework- Specific Modeling Languages (FSML) approach. Guidelines are provided for view migra- tion, which boils down to the problem of componentization. JSF and Struts frameworks can also be used together where JSF supports the view component while Struts supports the controller component. Merits and demerits of this approach are also discussed.

Les appareils modernes sont constitués de plusieurs sous-systèmes de différentes sortes qui communiquent et interagissent. L'hétérogénéité de ces sous-systèmes et leurs interactions complexes rendent très délicate leur développement. L'approche d'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles apporte une solution en permettant l'expression de nombreux modèles structurels et comportementaux de natures très diverses. Dans ce contexte, il est nécessaire de construire un modèle unique qui intègre ces différents modèles afin d'y appliquer des méthodes de validation et de vérification pour permettre aux ingénieurs système de comprendre et de valider un comportement global. Cependant, la coordination manuelle des différents modèles qui composent le système est une opération source d'erreurs et les approches automatiques proposent des patrons de coordination ad-hoc pour certaines paires de langages. Dans ces approches, le patron de coordination est souvent encapsulé dans un outil dont il est difficile d'extraire les liens avec le système global. Cette thèse propose le Behavioral Coordination Operator Language (BCOoL), un langage dédié à la spécification de patrons de coordination entre des langages à partir de la définition d'opérateurs de coordination. Ces opérateurs sont employés afin d'automatiser la coordination de modèles exprimés dans ces langages. BCOoL est implémenté comme une suite de plugins qui s'appuient sur l'Eclipse Modeling Framework et présente ainsi un environnement complet pour l'exécution et la vérification de différents modèles coordonnés. / Modern devices embed several subsystems with different characteristics that communicate and interact in many ways. This makes its development complex since a designer has to deal with the heterogeneity of each subsystem but also with the interaction between them. To tackle the development of complex systems, Model Driven Engineering promotes the use of various, possibly heterogeneous, structural and behavioral models. In this context, the coordination of behavioral models to produce a single integrated model is necessary to provide support for validation and verification. It allows system designers to understand and validate the global and emerging behavior of the system. However, the manual coordination of models is tedious and error-prone, and current approaches to automate the coordination are bound to a fixed set of coordination patterns. Moreover, they encode the pattern into a tool thus limiting reasoning on the global system behavior. In this thesis, we propose a Behavioral Coordination Operator Language (B-COoL) to reify coordination patterns between specific domains by using coordination operators between the Domain-Specific Modeling Languages used in these domains. Those operators are then used to automate the coordination of models conforming to these languages. B-COoL is implemented as plugins for the Eclipse Modeling Framework thus providing a complete environment to execute and verify coordinated models. We illustrate the use of B-COoL with the definition of coordination operators between timed finite state machines and activity diagrams. We then use these operators to coordinate and execute the heterogeneous models of a surveillance camera system.

La programmation orientée langage (Language-Oriented Programming – LOP) préconise l’utilisation de langages de modélisation dédiés exécutables (eXecutable Domain-Specific Modeling Languages – xDSMLs) pour la conception, le développement, la vérification et la validation de systèmes hautement concurrents. De tels systèmes placent l’expression de la concurrence dans les langages informatiques au coeur du processus d’ingénierie logicielle, par exemple à l’aide de formalismes dédiés appelés modèles de concurrence (Models of Concurrency – MoCs). Ceux-ci permettent une analyse poussée du comportement des systèmes durant les phases de vérification et de validation, mais demeurent complexes à comprendre, utiliser, et maîtriser. Dans cette thèse, nous développons et étendons une approche qui vise à faire collaborer l’approche LOP et les MoCs à travers le développement de xDSMLs dans lesquels la concurrence est spécifiée de façon explicite (Concurrency-aware xDSMLs). Dans de tels langages, on spécifie l’utilisation systématique d’un MoC au niveau de la sémantique d’exécution du langage, facilitant l’expérience pour l’utilisateur final qui n’a alors pas besoin d’appréhender et de maîtriser l’utilisation du MoC choisi.Un tel langage peut être raffiné lors de la phase de déploiement, pour s’adapter à la plateforme utilisée, et les systèmes décrits peuvent être analysés sur la base du MoC utilisé. / Language-Oriented Programming (LOP) advocates designing eXecutable Domain-Specific Modeling Languages (xDSMLs) to facilitate the design, development, verification and validation of modern softwareintensive and highly-concurrent systems. These systems place their needs of rich concurrency constructs at the heart of modern software engineering processes. To ease theirdevelopment, theoretical computer science has studied the use of dedicated paradigms for the specification of concurrent systems, called Models of Concurrency (MoCs). They enable the use of concurrencyaware analyses such as detecting deadlocks or starvation situations, but are complex to understand and master. In this thesis, we develop and extend an approach that aims at reconciling LOP and MoCs by designing so-called Concurrencyaware xDSMLs. In these languages, the systematic use of a MoC is specified at the language level, removing from the end-user the burden of understanding or using MoCs. It also allows the refinement of the language for specific execution platforms, and enables the use of concurrency-aware analyses on the systems.

<p>Object-oriented frameworks are currently widely used in software application development. Unfortunately, they are known to be generally difficult to use because of the difficulty in understanding the concepts and constraints in different frameworks. With the formalization of framework concepts and constraints in domain-specific modeling languages called framework-specific modeling languages (FSMLs), previous works have shown that round-trip engineering between models of applications using frameworks and the application code is possible to aid framework application development.</p> <p>Framework-specific modeling languages only capture, however, framework concepts and constraints and hence, lack the expressiveness of general-purpose modeling languages. For this reason, the complete code for an entire framework application cannot be generated from the model in the model editor using round-trip engineering, and the user would need to switch to the code editor to program the application logic code. Also, since models are only abstractions of code, implementation details in code may be missing in models. Although default implementation details can be used when generating code from a model, the generated code might require further customization by the user, which would also require switching to the code editor.</p> <p>To reduce the need for the user to switch between the model editor and the code editor and to reduce the need to customize the generated code, this thesis presents a model-guided approach to providing code assistance for framework application development directly in the code editor, where additional implementation details can also be obtained. An approach to building a context-sensitive code assistant that aids the user in the implementation of framework concepts with the consideration of framework constraints is described. A prototype has further been implemented and applied on two widely popular frameworks. The evaluation in this thesis analyzes and characterizes framework concepts and shows that the framework-based code assistant can reduce the need to customize the generated code in the code editor when compared to code generation from the model editor.</p>

<p>Object-oriented frameworks are currently widely used in software application development. Unfortunately, they are known to be generally difficult to use because of the difficulty in understanding the concepts and constraints in different frameworks. With the formalization of framework concepts and constraints in domain-specific modeling languages called framework-specific modeling languages (FSMLs), previous works have shown that round-trip engineering between models of applications using frameworks and the application code is possible to aid framework application development.</p> <p>Framework-specific modeling languages only capture, however, framework concepts and constraints and hence, lack the expressiveness of general-purpose modeling languages. For this reason, the complete code for an entire framework application cannot be generated from the model in the model editor using round-trip engineering, and the user would need to switch to the code editor to program the application logic code. Also, since models are only abstractions of code, implementation details in code may be missing in models. Although default implementation details can be used when generating code from a model, the generated code might require further customization by the user, which would also require switching to the code editor.</p> <p>To reduce the need for the user to switch between the model editor and the code editor and to reduce the need to customize the generated code, this thesis presents a model-guided approach to providing code assistance for framework application development directly in the code editor, where additional implementation details can also be obtained. An approach to building a context-sensitive code assistant that aids the user in the implementation of framework concepts with the consideration of framework constraints is described. A prototype has further been implemented and applied on two widely popular frameworks. The evaluation in this thesis analyzes and characterizes framework concepts and shows that the framework-based code assistant can reduce the need to customize the generated code in the code editor when compared to code generation from the model editor.</p>

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-03-22T17:53:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Cipriano Mota Sousa - 2012.pdf: 2362932 bytes, checksum: 554bee516fc979b416ec8ff1b253e521 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-23T14:15:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Cipriano Mota Sousa - 2012.pdf: 2362932 bytes, checksum: 554bee516fc979b416ec8ff1b253e521 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-23T14:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Cipriano Mota Sousa - 2012.pdf: 2362932 bytes, checksum: 554bee516fc979b416ec8ff1b253e521 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The combination of domain-specific modeling languages and model-driven engineering techniques hold the promise of a breakthrough in the way applications are developed. By raising the level of abstraction and specializing in building blocks that are familiar in a particular domain, it has the potential to turn domain experts into application developers. Applications are developed as models, which in turn are interpreted at runtime by a specialized execution engine in order to produce the intended behavior. In this approach models are processed by domain-specific execution engines that embed knowledge about how to execute the models. This approach has been successfully applied in different domains, such as communication and smart grid management to execute applications described by models that can be created and changed at runtime. However, each time the approach has to be realized in a different domain, substantial re-implementation has to take place in order to put together an execution engine for the respective DSML. In this work, we present a generalization of the approach in the form of a metamodel that captures the domain-independent aspects of runtime model interpretation and allow the definition of a particular class of domain-specific execution engines which provide a highlevel service upon an underlying set of heterogenous set of resources. / Abordagens de engenharia de software dirigida por modelos propõem o uso de modelos como uma forma de lidar com a crescente complexidade das aplicações atuais. Por meio de linguagens de modelagem específicas de domínio, essas abordagens visam elevar o nível de abstração utilizado na engenharia de software, possibilitando que usuários que conheçam o domínio de negócio sejam capazes de construir aplicações. As aplicações são definidas como modelos que são então processados de forma automatizada por mecanismos capazes de executá-los. Essa abordagem tem sido aplicada em domínios como comunicação e redes elétricas inteligentes para possibilitar a construção de aplicações por meio de modelos que podem ser criados e modificados em tempo de execução. Nessa abordagem, modelos são processados por máquinas de execução específicas de domínio, que encapsulam o conhecimento necessário para executá-los. No entanto, a aplicação dessa mesma abordagem em outros domínios exige que novas máquinas de execução sejam implementadas por completo, o que exige um grande esforço de implementação. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma abordagem dirigida por modelos para a construção dessas máquinas de execução de modelos. Essa abordagem propõe um metamodelo que captura os aspectos independentes de domínio de uma classe particular de máquinas de execução de modelos, os quais descrevem aplicações baseadas no provimento de serviços a partir de um conjunto heterogêneo de recursos. A partir do metamodelo proposto, podem ser construídos modelos que definem máquinas de execução para domínios específicos, as quais são capazes de executar modelos descritos na linguagem de modelagem específica do domínio em questão.

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