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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

An Empirical Study on the Existence Value of Stock Index Futures :Hedging and Speculating Functions

Hsieh, Cheng-yen 20 June 2012 (has links)
By the time of 2011, Taiwan Futures Exchange has issued 8 kinds of stock index futures. By taking a closer look at the transaction of the index futures, we found out that, in terms of trading volume, there is a significant difference among each others. Based on the observation, our research focuses on studying the existence value of the index futures in terms of hedging and speculating functions. The definition of futures¡¦ existence value is that the investors can use the futures to achieve the objectives of hedging and speculating in financial market. The research objects are TX, TE, TF, MTX, XIF, and GTF. The method to measure the hedging function is based on Portfolio and Hedging Theory of Johnson (1959). We estimate the hedging ratio with different data periods to calculate the hedging effectiveness. The method to measure the speculating function is based on the theory of Rutledge (1979) et al. We calculate the speculating trading volume to study the relationship with the basis by using OLS model. The empirical result shows that, in the hedging function, all of the index futures¡¦ hedging ratios are almost less than 1, and all have high hedging effectiveness. There is no significant influence on hedging effectiveness with different data periods and issuing time. In the speculating function, TX, MTX, and GTF will make speculating activities increase when the basis get bigger but TE, TF, and XIF will not. To sum up, TX, MTX, and GTF have higher existence value than TE, TF, and XIF. At last, based on the observation from this study, we propose several policy suggestions for enhancing the existence value of the index futures in financial market.
2

Is there a Future in Real Estate? : Incorporate Futures Contracts within the Swiss Real Estate Market / Fastigheter i Futures Contracts

Isberg, Ofelia January 2017 (has links)
In the past decades, real estate has turned into something more than just a home, it has become an investment. The interest to invest in the real estate market has increased from investors but also from private persons where the demand not only is to find a living but also perceived as an investment to make a profit or reinvest in the future.  The demand on the Swiss real estate market has increased from locals but also foreigners that want to invest in the stable and safe Swiss market. The high demand has increased the housing prices, which has raised even faster than the wages, and in turn, limit the possibilities to participate in the Swiss real estate market. It has made people less able to afford to buy a home, and many are forced to take from their pension funds to be able to pay the 20% of required deposit. This creates a risk for the future and puts not only the citizens but also the banks in large default risks since there does not exist an insurance if a price fall would occur on the Swiss market.  Many people mitigate the risks by diversification by investing in different assets in the derivative market. The market has seen a trend towards the technology development, which makes it possible to create more creative innovations at the derivative market. The increased interest in real estate and the accessibility of derivate products have led to a demand for real estate in derivatives.  This study investigates the possibilities to incorporate real estate within the derivative market, more specific within futures contracts. Futures contracts are standardized contracts between two parts that agree to buy/sell an asset at a future date and price. Real estate in futures is supposed to work in the same way, and to work as an insurance for possible price fall on the market since it can hedge the market by reducing price fluctuations, or as an alternative way to speculate within the real estate market to increase income. Real estate in futures could, in turn, allow a broader target group to participate in the real estate market since it would be a cheaper, easier and faster alternative to investing in than the physical real estate market.  The thesis confirms that there is a demand on the Swiss market for an alternative way to invest in real estate. However, the thesis discovers several difficulties with creating the product that should be managed. The thesis examining the subject together with the Swiss leader in online trading, the bank Swissquote. With their expertise in technology, Swissquote has an advantage when creating the product REF. / Under de senaste årtiondena har fastigheter blivit mer än bara ett hem, det har även blivit en investering. Intresset att investera i fastighetsmarknaden har ökat från investerare men även från privatpersoner där efterfrågan inte endast är att köpa en fastighet för att bo i, utan som även ska fungera som en investering för att möjliggöra en vinst eller återinvestera i framtiden. Efterfrågan på den schweiziska fastighetsmarknaden har ökat från lokalbefolkningen men även från utlänningar som vill investera i den stabila och säkra schweiziska marknaden. Den höga efterfrågan har ökat bostadspriserna mer än vad lönerna ökar, vilket minskar möjligheterna att delta i den schweiziska fastighetsmarknaden. Detta då människor inte har råd att köpa ett hem för endast sina löner, många är även tvungna att ta från sina pensionsfonder för att kunna betala handpenningen på 20%. Detta har skapat en risk för framtiden, och sätter inte bara medborgarna utan även bankerna i stora risker eftersom det inte finns någon försäkring mot ett prisfall på den schweiziska marknaden. Många mildrar riskerna genom diversifiering i olika tillgångar på derivatmarknaden. Teknologi trenden har gjort det möjligt att skapa mer kreativa innovationer på derivatmarknaden. Intresset för fastigheter och den ökade utbudet av derivatprodukter har lett till en efterfrågan på just fastigheter i derivatprodukter. Denna studie undersöker möjligheterna att införa fastigheter inom derivatmarknaden, mer specifikt inom futures. Futures kontrakt är standardiserade kontrakt mellan två parter som kommer överens om att köpa/sälja en tillgång på ett framtida datum och pris. Fastigheter i futures kan fungera på samma sätt, och det kan fungera som en försäkring för eventuellt prisfall på marknaden eftersom det kan säkra marknaden genom att minska prisfluktuationer, eller som ett alternativ för att spekulera på fastighetsmarknaden för att öka intäkterna. Fastigheter i futures kan även tillåta en bredare målgrupp att delta på fastighetsmarknaden eftersom det skulle vara ett billigare, enklare och snabbare alternativ att investera än på den fysiska fastighetsmarknaden. Studien bekräftar att det finns en efterfrågan i Schweiz för ett alternativt sätt att investera på fastighetsmarknaden. Den upptäcker dock flera svårigheter med att skapa produkten. Studien undersöker ämnet tillsammans med den schweiziskt ledande online banken Swissquote. Med en expertis inom teknik besitter Swissquote en fördel med att skapa produkten REF.

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