Presented diploma thesis is focused on analysis of phenolic compounds in various types of beers. The aim of this work was to find possible differences among several types of beers and also between Czech beers and beers of foreign production. Theoretical part contains detailed description of beer technology, review of important analytical methods for determination of phenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity. The main attention is focused on instrumental technique LC/MS. In the experimental part values of total phenolics and total flavonoids and results of antioxidant status in analyzed beers were determined spectrophotometrically. Basic brewing characteristics were determined by pycnometry. On-line liquid chromatography with photo diode array detection and mass spectrometry detection was used for identification and quantification of individual phenolic compounds. Spectrophotometric analysis of phenolic and flavonoid levels seems to be less specific, that is consistent with findings in accessible literature. It was proved, that iso- bitter compounds exhibit about 65.44 – 90.93 % of the total bitter substances. These components are responsible for the main part of beer bitterness. The HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS was necessary to use for determination of characteristic phenolic compounds in individual types of beer. Within our measurement three columns were tested, the most favourable results were obtained using the column Restek C18. When compared with foreing beers, in Czech beers higher level of majority of phenolic compounds was detected and specific distribution of individual derivatives was found as well.

The aim of this diplom thesis was development of the reverse phased high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for analysis the aliphatic hydrocarbons with long chain and optimalization of this method. In theoretical part is described occurrence and properties of a hydrocarbons, also used separation methods and detectors - evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization with time of flight analyzer. In experimental part is described izolation of cuticular hydrocarbons from a fly Neobellieria bullata. It was study experimental conditions of separation and detection izolated hydrocarbons. It was performed deep optimalization of conditions on RP-HPLC - composition of mobile phase, gradient, mobile phase flow rate and column temperature. Method optimalization was done by ELSD. It was used kombination of two solvents to mobile phase - acetonitrile : ethylacetate, mobile phase stream 0,8 ml/min and column temperature 50řC were found as optimal conditions for analytical separation. This method were aplicated for analysis cuticular hydrocarbons from fly specie Neobellieria bullata. During separation were collected fractions and then fractions were determined on MALDI-TOF. It was found 37 aliphatic hydrocarbons which included 25 up to 47 carbons and 0 to 3...

Methods of analytical chemistry are widely used in lipidomics. Separation techniques coupled to mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance are used very often. They make it possible to identify lipids present in the matrix in very small quantities. This work summarizes the application of modern analytical methods and instrumentation for identifying and characterizing lipids in vernix caseosa. It is shown how I contributed during the Ph.D. studies to the elucidation of the structure and characterization of unknown lipid classes followed by more detailed description of those lipid classes already identified in vernix caseosa. An integral part of my work was the application of the method enabling the localization of double bonds developed by our laboratory in triacylglycerols and 1,2-diol diesters in vernix caseosa. This analytical method is based on the formation of an acetonitrile adduct in an ionization source of a mass spectrometer enabling atmospheric pressure ionization. The complexity of the triacylglycerol class did not allow a complete characterization of the double bonds. However, the fragmentation mostly showed that double bonds up to n-12 position are present, but small peaks in some spectra also indicated double bonds at more distant positions from the chain termini. I have also...

Mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization is an excellent method for structural analysis of coordination compounds with outstanding sensitivity and selectivity. However, it fails to detect some low-polar rhenium complexes. This master thesis describes derivatization method of non-ionizable rhenium complexes with 1,2-dihydroxybenzene and 2,3- dihydroxytoluenene. Fragmentation mechanisms and structure of prepared complexes was studied using high resolution mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation (CID). Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) computational method was used for prediction of bond cleavage based on bond lengthening.

The aim of this master’s thesis was to determine the total contents of selected nutrients (magnesium, copper, calcium, zinc and iron) in quail eggs during the time of their storage. The contents of elements were measured in fresh eggs and then after first, second, third, eighth, fifteenth, twenty – ninth, forty – third and fifty – seventh day of storage. Theoretical part is focused on the production and importance of eggs, their creation and chemical composition. Additionally, this part deals with the more detailed characteristics of aforementioned elements and with their relationship to human nutrition. The practical part includes the results of measured contents of elements in whole egg, yolk and egg white. The analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that the time of storing has no effect on the contents of selected elements in quail eggs.

The aim of this master´s thesis was to determinate selected nutrients in hen eggs depending on the time of their storage. The content of nutrients in hen albumen, hen yolk and hen melange was measured in fresh eggs ang in storaged eggs after one, two, eight, fiveteen, twenty nine, forty three and fifty seven days. Teoretical part of thesis is focused on chemical composition of hen egg, breeding, history, storage and consumption. Another part of thesis deals with selected nutrients, specifically by magnesium, copper, calcium, zinc and iron. In practical part the results are presented. The content of these elements was determined with using atomic absorption spectometry. The results show that the storage time did not have an effect on the contents of the selected elements in the eggs. Formula clause:hen egg, magnesium, copper, calcium, iron, zinc, atomic absorption spectrometry

The diploma thesis deals with aluminum food packaging. At first was made a literature recherche relating to this subject. In the next part was realized market analysis of food products, in which is usually used aluminum or aluminum composite in the Czech Republic. After the market analysis we were measuring the samples. We choosed dairy products packaging, for example packaging of the yoghurt (different sizes), the packaging from a curd, from a blue cheese and thermized cheese (Lučina). In selected types of dairy products packaging was set qualitative weight distribution of aluminum-containing composite materials and with the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was made the qualitative measurement of the aluminum content in these obtained samples. The aluminium content in the metal parts of my samples was between 46,9% and 99,1%.

This diploma thesis is focusing on heavy metals content measuring in sewage sludge. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with valid legislation of the Czech Republic, with toxic effect of heavy metals on environment and population health, and with X-ray spectrometry and technical equipment of selected WWTPs.

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Bc. Alžběta Vopelková Supervisor: doc. Ing. Lucie Cahlíková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Using of techniques of mass spectrometry in the analysis of natural compounds This diploma thesis deals with the topic " Using of techniques of mass spectrometry in the analysis of natural compounds ". The aim of the work was to create a research work and describe the profile of alkaloids in individual genera of the family Amaryllidaceae. The introduction to the theoretical part summarizes the analyzes gas chromatography (GC). Alkaloids have been classified according to their heterocyclic parts and the family Amaryllidaceae has been described. The work was based on professional texts by Czech and foreign authors. Used sources focused on the analysis of alkaloids in bulbs, or in the aboveground parts of plants in this family, using gas chromatography with mass detection (GC-MS). Key words: mass spectometry, analysis, natural compounds

The aim of this work is to investigate the potential of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for identification of visually unrecognizable braking tracks. Identification of these tracks is based on different chemical composition of tire tread in comparison to road surface. The investigation was divided in several sequential steps – selection of suitable chemical element and its spectral line for break tracks identification; determination of the limits of detection and threshold intensity respectively for the selected chemical element; verification of LIBS ability to detect braking tracks on a real braking track. This testing braking track was prepared by exactly defined and described conditions. The detection was performed in two ways – laboratory analysis of tire treads particles collected via adhesive tape and in situ analysis via mobile apparatus. Results of both measurements showed that LIBS is able to detect visually unrecognizable braking tracks. Concepts of the devices capable of routine braking tracks identification for both possibilities were introduced.