Zugl.: Dresden, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2009

The diploma thesis dealt with the theme "The use of NIR spectroscopy in the control of goat whey adulteration". The aim of this thesis was to verify the potential of NIR spectroscopy to check of devaluation goat whey with cow whey. In the theoretical part was briefly described the problems of food adulteration, some of the methods used in the control of food with focusing on the near-infrared spectroscopy technique and its application in the dairy industry. Further was described whey and its composition focusing on goat whey, whey processing and the possibilities of using whey in food industry. In the practical part were measured goat and cow whey and their binary mixtures at various concentrations. For the qualitative evaluated of NIR spectra was used discriminant analysis. The results showed that near-infrared spectroscopy that near-infrared spectroscopy is suitable for the authentication of goat whey.

No description available.

Angl. resumé

No description available.

Light is one of the main environmental factors largely determining plant life. Light provides energy resources for photosynthesis and it is also the most important medium of perception as it represents the main source of information about plant surroundings. My diploma thesis entitled “Light and its effect on plant proteome” briefly summarizes present knowledge about the light perception in plants, its interpretation of light quality, quantity, and direction via photoreceptors. These components trigger a whole range of changes, both on molecular and developmental levels, but the complex molecular mechanisms regulating system of light signalling in plants are far from being resolved. Here, I followed effects of different light parameters on plant proteome, namely, diurnal variations, low- and high-light intensity, spectral composition, and a change in the light period duration. To study these effects two model organisms were selected (i) Arabidopsis thaliana as a representative plant model with the most annotated genome/proteome and (ii) Solanum lycopersicum as a representative plant model significant for agriculture and biotechnology. Proteome changes in response to different light factors were analyzed by LC-MS. In total, the analyses revealed over 100 and 300 light-responsive proteins in Arabidopsis and S. lycopersicum, respectively. Proteomics provided highly sensitive snapshots of protein abundance in response to light and selected experiments have been complemented with a GC-MS metabolite profiling, conductivity measurements, and fluorescence microscopy.

This diploma thesis is focused on design and prototyping of wireless optical link for an indoor usage. In the beginning of the thesis frequency spectrums of infrared, visible and ultraviolet light are described by its typical qualities such as values of attenuation or reflection capability. On the basis of this analysis, a proper wavelength has been chosen for usage at the engineered communication system. Next part is devoted to selection of suitable communication components on basis of its declared qualities. In the following chapter this qualities are in carefully measured and after that they are compared with values provided by its manufacturer. The following section is devoted to design schemes of transceiver modules. After completion of the design the manufacturing of PCB, mounting components and the analysis of their distribution was described. The last part of this thesis deals with testing of created prototype in terms of maximum transmission distances and operating frequencies. At the very end of this project, in one small section ways to improve system characteristics was discussed.

Master´s thesis deals with dynamic analysis of steel tank with liquid. There are given parametres of structure and thein introduction to ANSYS system. There are created three numerical models for comparison, which are static and modal analysis calculated for. Spectrum analysis is calculated only for numerical models with fluid elements. Shell elements are evaluated according to EC 3.

Neurotrophine beeinflussen durch die Modulation von Prozessen wie Zellproliferation, -migration, Apoptose und Synapsenbildung entscheidend die neuronale Plastizität. Sie gelten deshalb als Kandidatengene neuronaler Entwicklungsstörungen wie Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS). Die vorgelegte Arbeit zielt auf die weitere Klärung der Rolle von Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) bei der Ätiopathophysiologie der ASS durch Expressionsanalysen im Blut als potenziellem Surrogat zentralnervöser Prozesse. In gut charakterisierten ASS-Stichproben und - neben gesunden Kontrollprobanden - einer klinischen Kontrollgruppe von Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) wurde die BDNF-mRNA-Expression in Vollblut sowie BDNF-Proteinserumkonzentrationen untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die BDNF-Werte wie Alter, IQ, autismusspezifische Symptomatik, Komorbidität und Medikation analysiert. In einer ersten Stichprobe (ASS-Patienten versus gesunde Kontrollen) wurden signifikant erniedrigte BDNF-Serumkonzentrationen in der Patientengruppe mittels Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay gemessen (p = 0,040). In einer zweiten unabhängigen Stichprobe (Patienten mit ASS, Patienten mit ADHS und gesunde Kontrollen) wurde auf mRNA-Ebene mittels quantitativer Real-Time-Polymerasekettenreaktion ebenfalls ein signifikanter Gruppenunterschied ermittelt mit erniedrigter BDNF-Expression in der ASS-Gruppe im Vergleich zu gesunder Kontrollgruppe (p = 0,011), sowie einem Trend zu erniedrigten BDNF-Werten bei ADHS-Patienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Probanden (p = 0,097). Des Weiteren wurde eine signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen Alter und BDNF-mRNA-Expression bei Patienten mit ASS sowie eine positive Korrelation von Alter und BDNF-Serumkonzentrationen bei gesunden Kontrollen gemessen. Auch korrelierten die BDNF-Werte im Serum mit der Ausprägung des autistischen Phänotyps. In einer Subgruppe der ADHS-Patienten wurde kein Einfluss von Psychostimulanzien auf die BDNF-mRNA-Expression gemessen. Der Einbezug größerer Stichproben sowie die systematische Erfassung weiterer potenzieller Einflussfaktoren auf die BDNF-Expression (wie pubertärer Entwicklungsstand bzw. Geschlechtshormonkonzentrationen) könnten in zukünftigen Studien zu einer weiteren Klärung der pathophysiologischen Rolle von BDNF bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit ASS beitragen. / Neurotrophins impact on neuronal plasticity by modulating processes such as cell proliferation, cell migration, apoptosis and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, they are regarded as candidate genes for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The following work aims at further clarifying the role of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of ASD by expression analyses in blood as a potential surrogate for BDNF effects observed in the central nervous system. BDNF mRNA expression in whole blood and BDNF serum concentrations were analyzed in well characterized samples of ASD patients, healthy controls, and a clinical control group of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, potential modulating factors such as age, IQ, autistic phenotype, comorbidity and medication were further investigated. In a first project (ASD patients vs. healthy controls) significantly lower BDNF serum concentrations in the ASD group were observed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (p = 0.040). In a second independent sample and project (patients with ASS, patients with ADHD, and healthy controls), BDNF mRNA expression was analyzed using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Also in this sample, a significant group difference was found with lower BDNF expression in the ASD group compared to the health controls (p = 0.011). Moreover, a trend of decreased BDNF mRNA levels was observed for patients with ADHD in comparison to the normally developing controls (p = 0.097). Furthermore, with regard to potential influencing factors, we found a significant negative correlation between age and BDNF mRNA expression in patients with ASD, as well as a positive correlation between age and BDNF serum concentrations in healthy controls. A positive correlation was moreover detected between the serum BDNF concentrations and autistic phenotype. Testing a sub-group of ADHD patients, no significant influence of stimulants was observed on BDNF mRNA expression. In future studies, bigger sample sizes as well as a systematic assessment of other factors that potentially influence BDNF expression (like pubertal developmental status or concentration of sex hormones) could further clarify the pathophysiological role of BDNF in children and adolescents with ASD.

Neurotrophine beeinflussen durch die Modulation von Prozessen wie Zellproliferation, -migration, Apoptose und Synapsenbildung entscheidend die neuronale Plastizität. Sie gelten deshalb als Kandidatengene neuronaler Entwicklungsstörungen wie Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS). Die vorgelegte Arbeit zielt auf die weitere Klärung der Rolle von Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) bei der Ätiopathophysiologie der ASS durch Expressionsanalysen im Blut als potenziellem Surrogat zentralnervöser Prozesse. In gut charakterisierten ASS-Stichproben und - neben gesunden Kontrollprobanden - einer klinischen Kontrollgruppe von Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) wurde die BDNF-mRNA-Expression in Vollblut sowie BDNF-Proteinserumkonzentrationen untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die BDNF-Werte wie Alter, IQ, autismusspezifische Symptomatik, Komorbidität und Medikation analysiert. In einer ersten Stichprobe (ASS-Patienten versus gesunde Kontrollen) wurden signifikant erniedrigte BDNF-Serumkonzentrationen in der Patientengruppe mittels Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay gemessen (p = 0,040). In einer zweiten unabhängigen Stichprobe (Patienten mit ASS, Patienten mit ADHS und gesunde Kontrollen) wurde auf mRNA-Ebene mittels quantitativer Real-Time-Polymerasekettenreaktion ebenfalls ein signifikanter Gruppenunterschied ermittelt mit erniedrigter BDNF-Expression in der ASS-Gruppe im Vergleich zu gesunder Kontrollgruppe (p = 0,011), sowie einem Trend zu erniedrigten BDNF-Werten bei ADHS-Patienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Probanden (p = 0,097). Des Weiteren wurde eine signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen Alter und BDNF-mRNA-Expression bei Patienten mit ASS sowie eine positive Korrelation von Alter und BDNF-Serumkonzentrationen bei gesunden Kontrollen gemessen. Auch korrelierten die BDNF-Werte im Serum mit der Ausprägung des autistischen Phänotyps. In einer Subgruppe der ADHS-Patienten wurde kein Einfluss von Psychostimulanzien auf die BDNF-mRNA-Expression gemessen. Der Einbezug größerer Stichproben sowie die systematische Erfassung weiterer potenzieller Einflussfaktoren auf die BDNF-Expression (wie pubertärer Entwicklungsstand bzw. Geschlechtshormonkonzentrationen) könnten in zukünftigen Studien zu einer weiteren Klärung der pathophysiologischen Rolle von BDNF bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit ASS beitragen. / Neurotrophins impact on neuronal plasticity by modulating processes such as cell proliferation, cell migration, apoptosis and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, they are regarded as candidate genes for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The following work aims at further clarifying the role of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of ASD by expression analyses in blood as a potential surrogate for BDNF effects observed in the central nervous system. BDNF mRNA expression in whole blood and BDNF serum concentrations were analyzed in well characterized samples of ASD patients, healthy controls, and a clinical control group of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, potential modulating factors such as age, IQ, autistic phenotype, comorbidity and medication were further investigated. In a first project (ASD patients vs. healthy controls) significantly lower BDNF serum concentrations in the ASD group were observed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (p = 0.040). In a second independent sample and project (patients with ASS, patients with ADHD, and healthy controls), BDNF mRNA expression was analyzed using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Also in this sample, a significant group difference was found with lower BDNF expression in the ASD group compared to the health controls (p = 0.011). Moreover, a trend of decreased BDNF mRNA levels was observed for patients with ADHD in comparison to the normally developing controls (p = 0.097). Furthermore, with regard to potential influencing factors, we found a significant negative correlation between age and BDNF mRNA expression in patients with ASD, as well as a positive correlation between age and BDNF serum concentrations in healthy controls. A positive correlation was moreover detected between the serum BDNF concentrations and autistic phenotype. Testing a sub-group of ADHD patients, no significant influence of stimulants was observed on BDNF mRNA expression. In future studies, bigger sample sizes as well as a systematic assessment of other factors that potentially influence BDNF expression (like pubertal developmental status or concentration of sex hormones) could further clarify the pathophysiological role of BDNF in children and adolescents with ASD.