Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-12T17:41:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Alan Franco Barbosa.pdf: 6969234 bytes, checksum: 6f0ea0da3698193a91ae661b3c8aee8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T17:41:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Alan Franco Barbosa.pdf: 6969234 bytes, checksum: 6f0ea0da3698193a91ae661b3c8aee8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15 / CAPES / CNPq / FAPERJ / The chemical and biological properties of Jambu, as well as the evaluation of the stability of spilanthol and the procedures of isolation this amide by solvents extraction are described. Were determined the amino acid profile, fatty acids, minerals, and free polyphenols, and total antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) by the processes of drying with cold air and lyophilization. Adsorption isotherms were constructed using the set of experimental data of eight mathematical models. Lyophilized capitula, leaves and stems of Jambu were extracted with methanol at 100 ?C, and 10 MPa, and analyzed by LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The effect of methanol extract, and of fractions obtained by partitions with hexane and dichloromethane of methanol extracts, of the Jambu on the tyrosinase enzyme such as the antimicrobial activity front against of Micrococcus luteus and Lactobacillus casei were evaluated. The activation index of NKCC2 phosphorylation was evaluated by Western blotting. The rate of aquaporin 2 apical expression was analysed by confocal laser microscopy. Jambu dryed by cold air showed higher content of nutrient, except for the mineral content, and antioxidant capacity compared to lyophilized Jambu. At all evaluated temperatures, the model of Peleg presented the best adsorption isotherms of Jambu dryed by cold air. Spilanthol concentrations in capitula, leaves and stems were 16.5, 0.344 and 0.241 mg/g dry weight. The methanol extract from Jambu and the hexane fraction (84.28 % of spilanthol) were able to activate oxidant activity of the tyrosinase enzyme. On the other hand, the dichloromethane fraction (about 100 % spilanthol) showed strong inhibitory effect of tyrosinase enzyme in the first 10 min. There was no antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and hexane fraction about L. casei. But the hexane fraction created inhibition zone on M. luteus. Induced inhibition of cAMP by spilanthol modulates negatively the urine-concentrating mechanisms. It is concluded that Jambu subjected to the drying process with cold air offers better chemical quality and antioxidant capacity. The major component, espilantol, present mainly in inflorescences, does not change with extreme storage conditions. The methanolic extract of Jambu strongly activates the enzyme tyrosinase, whereas the dichloromethane fraction inhibits the tyrosinase. The hexanic fraction inhibits Micrococcus luteus growth and espilantol inhibits the production of cAMP, contributing to its application in drugs with diuretic function. / Esta tese teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades qu?micas e biol?gicas do Jambu, bem como avaliar a estabilidade do espilantol e isolar esta amida por extra??o com solventes. Foram determinados o perfil de amino?cidos, ?cidos graxos, minerais, polifen?is totais e livres e a capacidade antioxidante (DPPH e ABTS) do Jambu pelos processos secagem com ar frio e liofiliza??o. As isotermas de adsor??o foram constru?das usando o conjunto de dados experimentais de 8 modelos matem?ticos. Cap?tulos, folhas e hastes liofilizados de Jambu foram extra?dos com metanol a 100 ?C e press?o de 10 MPa e analisados por CL-EM e RMN. Avaliaram-se os efeitos do extrato metan?lico e de fra??es obtidas com hexano e diclorometano do Jambu sobre a enzima tirosinase e atividade antimicrobiana frente ao Micrococcus luteus e o Lactobacillus casei. A fosforila??o de NKCC2 foi avaliada como ?ndice da sua ativa??o atrav?s de Western blotting. A taxa de express?o apical aquaporina 2 foi analisada por microscopia confocal a laser. O Jambu seco com ar frio apresentou maior teor dos nutrientes avaliados, com exce??o do teor de minerais, e maior capacidade antioxidante em rela??o ao Jambu liofilizado. O modelo de Peleg, em todas as temperaturas avaliadas, apresentou melhores isotermas de adsor??o de umidade do Jambu seco com ar frio. As concentra??es de espilantol nos cap?tulos, folhas e hastes foram de 16,5, 0,344 e 0,241 mg/g do peso seco. O extrato metan?lico de Jambu, bem como a fra??o hex?nica (84,28 % de espilantol) foram capazes de ativar a enzima tirosinase, por outro lado, a fra??o obtida com diclorometano (cerca de 100 % espilantol) mostrou forte efeito de inibi??o da enzima tirosinase nos primeiros 10 min. N?o foi observada a??o antimicrobiana do extrato metan?lico e fra??o hex?nica sobre L. casei, por?m, a fra??o hex?nica criou halo de inibi??o sobre M. luteus. O espilantol inibiu a produ??o de cAMP, modulando negativamente os mecanismos de concentra??o de urina. Conclui-se que o Jambu submetido ao processo de secagem com ar frio ofereceu melhor qualidade qu?mica e capacidade antioxidante. O componente majorit?rio, espilantol, presente sobretudo nas infloresc?ncias, n?o se altera com condi??es extremas de armazenamento. O extrato metan?lico de Jambu ativa fortemente a enzima tirosinase, enquanto que a fra??o diclorometano inibe a tirosinase. J? a fra??o hex?nica inibe o crescimento Micrococcus luteus e o espilantol inibe a produ??o de cAMP, contribuindo para sua aplica??o em f?rmacos com fun??o diur?tica.