The goal of this project was to study some unexplored optical and magneto-optical properties of the newest member of III-V ferromagnetic structures, InMnSb, as well as InSb films and InSb/AlInSb quantum wells. The emphasis was on dynamical aspects such as charge and spin dynamics in order to address several important issues of the spin-related phenomena. The objectives in this project were to: 1) understand charge/spin dynamics in NGS with different confinement potentials, 2) study phenomena such as interband photo-galvanic effects, in order to generate spin polarized current, 3) probe the effect of magnetic impurities on the spin/charge dynamics. This thesis describes three experiments: detection and measurement of spin polarized photocurrents in InSb films and quantum wells arising from the circular photogalvanic effect, and measurements of the carrier and spin relaxation in InSb and InMnSb structures by magneto-optical Kerr effect and differential transmission. The samples for our studies have been provided by Prof. Heremans at Virginia Tech, Prof. Santos at the University of Oklahoma, and Prof. Furdyna at the University of Notre Dame. / Ph. D.

Nesta dissertação, fazemos a primeira investigação sobre flutuações em corrente e corrente média dependentes de spin em potenciais duplo e simples da estrutura Zn1-xMnxSe. Consideramos efeitos de campos magnético e elétrico externos à temperatura nula. Na presença de um campo magnético, a interação dos íons de Mn com elétrons de condução e valência (interação de troca sp-d) origina potenciais dependentes de spin para o transporte em Zn1-xMnxSe. Aqui, flutuações em corrente (\"shot noise\") e a corrente média são calculados usando o modelo quântico de transporte através do potencial dependente de spin é descrito por uma matriz s de espalhamento. Os elementos da matriz de espalhamento, i.e., as amplitudes de transmissão e reflexão, são determinados pelo método da matriz transferência. Nossos resultados indicam que estruturas de potenciais simples e duplos Zn1-xMnxSe agem como se fossem \"filtros de spin\" para corrente. Em determinadas faixas de parâmetros do sistema, \"shot noise\" pode complementar informações obtidas da corrente média / In this dissertation we investigation for the first time spin dependent-current and its fluctuations in double and single barrier potentials of the Zn1-xMn xSe structure sandwiched between ZnSe layers. We consider effects of external magnetic field, the interaction of the Mn ions with thew conduction and valence electrons (sp-d exchange interation) give rises to spin-dependent potentials for transport across the Zn1-xMn xSe layer. Here, the average current and its fluctuations are calculated using the quantum transport model in which transport across the spin-dependent potential is described via scattering matrix s. The elements of the scattering matrix, i.e., the transmission and reflection amplitudes, are determined through the transfer-matrix method. Our results indicate date single and double potentials of the Zn1-xMn xSe structure act as \"spin filters\" for the current. Within some system parameter range, shot noise can supplement the information contained in the average current

Nesta dissertação, fazemos a primeira investigação sobre flutuações em corrente e corrente média dependentes de spin em potenciais duplo e simples da estrutura Zn1-xMnxSe. Consideramos efeitos de campos magnético e elétrico externos à temperatura nula. Na presença de um campo magnético, a interação dos íons de Mn com elétrons de condução e valência (interação de troca sp-d) origina potenciais dependentes de spin para o transporte em Zn1-xMnxSe. Aqui, flutuações em corrente (\"shot noise\") e a corrente média são calculados usando o modelo quântico de transporte através do potencial dependente de spin é descrito por uma matriz s de espalhamento. Os elementos da matriz de espalhamento, i.e., as amplitudes de transmissão e reflexão, são determinados pelo método da matriz transferência. Nossos resultados indicam que estruturas de potenciais simples e duplos Zn1-xMnxSe agem como se fossem \"filtros de spin\" para corrente. Em determinadas faixas de parâmetros do sistema, \"shot noise\" pode complementar informações obtidas da corrente média / In this dissertation we investigation for the first time spin dependent-current and its fluctuations in double and single barrier potentials of the Zn1-xMn xSe structure sandwiched between ZnSe layers. We consider effects of external magnetic field, the interaction of the Mn ions with thew conduction and valence electrons (sp-d exchange interation) give rises to spin-dependent potentials for transport across the Zn1-xMn xSe layer. Here, the average current and its fluctuations are calculated using the quantum transport model in which transport across the spin-dependent potential is described via scattering matrix s. The elements of the scattering matrix, i.e., the transmission and reflection amplitudes, are determined through the transfer-matrix method. Our results indicate date single and double potentials of the Zn1-xMn xSe structure act as \"spin filters\" for the current. Within some system parameter range, shot noise can supplement the information contained in the average current

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-22T12:37:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 josielcarlosdesouzagomes.pdf: 11267373 bytes, checksum: 393a01f57f4f5afaaf46890b84f4a7ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-22T12:42:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 josielcarlosdesouzagomes.pdf: 11267373 bytes, checksum: 393a01f57f4f5afaaf46890b84f4a7ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T12:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josielcarlosdesouzagomes.pdf: 11267373 bytes, checksum: 393a01f57f4f5afaaf46890b84f4a7ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A nanotecnologia é uma área de estudo promissora e que nos mostra resultados bastante surpreendentes. Amostras magnéticas (Cobalto e liga de Permalloy (Ni81Fe19), por exemplo) em escala nanométrica, têm como aplicabilidade importante a gravação magnética devido à crescente demanda por meios de gravação cada vez mais rápidos e de alta capacidade de armazenamento. Para determinados tamanhos de nanofios, observa-se a presença de domínios magnéticos e paredes de domínios do tipo vórtice ou transversal que podem ser transportadas para diferentes regiões sem deformação. Pode-se usar tais paredes como bit de informação mas, para isso, precisa-se conhecer com detalhes o comportamento dessas paredes em diversas situações. Neste presente trabalho utilizamos simulações numéricas para estudar o comportamento da magnetização em nanofios retangulares (nanofitas) de Permalloy-79, que apresentam parede de domínio transversal entre domínios “head-to-head”. Utilizamos nestas simulações um modelo no qual os momentos magnéticos interagem através da interação de troca e a interação dipolar. Embora a maioria dos trabalhos encontrados utilizem campo magnético para mover a parede, optamos por aplicar corrente de spin-polarizado na direção do nanofio devido ao fato de ser mais prático de ser produzido. A dinâmica do sistema é regida pelas equações de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert e a atuação da corrente é introduzida nessas equações. Fizemos uma abordagem teórica na qual pode-se mostrar como esta equação de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert para aplicação de corrente foi obtida. A integração da equação de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert é feita utilizando o método de Runge-Kutta e de Predição-Correção. Baseado nessas teorias, escrevemos um programa na linguagem Fortran-90 para realizar as simulações. Em nossos resultados observamos o comportamento da velocidade da parede de domínio em função do tempo e da densidade de corrente. Comparamos estes resultados com a bibliografia. / Nanotechnology is a promising field of study and show us pretty amazing results. Magnetic samples (Cobalt and alloy Permalloy (81NiFe19), for example) at the nanometer scale, have as important applicability the magnetic recording due to the growing demand for recording media ever faster and high storage capacity. For certain sizes of nanowires, it is observed the presence of magnetic domains and vortex domain walls or transverse domain wall which can be transported to different regions without deformation. It can use such walls as bit of information, but for that it is necessary to know in detail the behavior of these walls in various situations. In this work we used numerical simulations to study the behavior of the magnetization in rectangular nanowires (nanostrip) of Permalloy-79, which have transverse domain wall between domains "head-to-head."We used in these simulations a model in which the magnetic moments interact through the exchange interaction and the dipolar interaction. Although most studies found use magnetic field to move the wall, we decided to apply spin-polarized current toward the nanowire due the fact that it is more practical to be produced. The dynamics of the system is governed by the equations of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert and the current performance is introduced in these equations. We made a theoretical approach in which you can show how this equation of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert for applying current was obtained. The integration of the equation of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert is done using the Runge-Kutta and Prediction-Correction methods. Based on these theories, we wrote a program in Fortran-90 language to perform the simulations. In our results we observed the behavior of the domain wall velocity as a function of time and current density. We compare these results with the literature.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-10T13:25:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonliradesalessantos.pdf: 15105576 bytes, checksum: 64b0938ed4211d7b4d1f253445ad7b79 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Favor verificar se Araújo não tem acento: Membro da banca: Araujo, Clodoaldo Irineu Levartoski de on 2018-01-23T11:47:06Z (GMT) / Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-23T13:11:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonliradesalessantos.pdf: 15105576 bytes, checksum: 64b0938ed4211d7b4d1f253445ad7b79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-01-23T13:15:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonliradesalessantos.pdf: 15105576 bytes, checksum: 64b0938ed4211d7b4d1f253445ad7b79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T13:15:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonliradesalessantos.pdf: 15105576 bytes, checksum: 64b0938ed4211d7b4d1f253445ad7b79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O estudo da dinâmica das paredes de domínio em uma nanofita magnética tem atraído um grande interesse por conta das suas importantes aplicações tecnológicas em mídias magnéticas e memória RAM (Random Access Memory). Para determinadas geometrias e tamanhos, a nanofita magnética apresenta paredes de domínio magnético tipo transversal ou vórtice, que com a aplicação de uma força externa podem ser transportadas para diferentes regiões da nanofita sem perder suas propriedades magnéticas. Neste trabalho, estudamos a influência de uma fita de impureza magnética sobre a dinâmica de uma parede de domínio transversal (PDT) em uma nanofita magnética de Permalloy-79 (Ni79Fe21), via simulação computacional. A PDT émovida com a aplicação de uma corrente de spin polarizada na direção do eixo da nanofita. Nas nossas simulações, as nanofitas são modeladas por uma hamiltoniana que leva em consideração a interação de curto (troca) e longo (dipolar) alcance dos momentos magnéticos. A dinâmica do sistema éregida pela equação de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert com o termo da corrente de spin. Nós calculamos a energia de interação entre a PDT e a fita de impureza, e variando a intensidade da corrente de spin, determinamos o valor mínimo da corrente necessária para “arrancar”a PDT da fita de impureza. Mostramos que este valor mínimo depende, principalmente, da largura da nanofita e da constante de troca J' entre o material da nanofita e o da impureza. Este estudo tem grande importância para aplicações tecnológicas que utilizam o movimento da parede de domínio. / The study of the dynamics of domain wall in magnetic nanowires have attracted a vast interest because of their important technological applications in magnetic media and MRAM’s (Random Access Memory). For certain geometries and sizes, magnetic nanowires present transverse domain walls or vortex domain walls, which with the application of an ex-ternal field can be transported to different regions of the nanowire without losing its magnetic properties. In this work, we have studied the influence of a cluster of magnetic impurities on the transverse domain wall (TDW) dynamics in a magnetic nanowires of Permalloy-79 (Ni79Fe21) using numerical simulations. The TDW is driven by the application of a spin polarized current in the direction of the nanowires axes. In our simulations, the nanowires are modeled by a Hamiltonian that takes into account the short (exchange) and long (dipolar) range interactions of magnetic moments. The dynamics of the system is governed by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations with spin current term. We have studied the interaction potential between the TDW and the cluster, and by varying the applied spin current, we can determine the minimum value of the current necessary to depin the domain wall of the cluster. We have shown that this minimum value depends on the width of the nanowire and the exchange constant J' between the material of the nanowire and the impurity. The present study is of the great significance for technological applications that use movement of domain walls.

Depuis la première observation de désaimantation ultra-rapide dans des films de Ni soumis à une excitation laser pulsée, on a assisté à un grand intérêt de comprendre l'interaction entre les impulsions laser ultra-courtes et l'aimantation. Ces études ont conduit à la découverte de la commutation toute optique de l'aimantation dans un alliage de film ferrimagnétique en utilisant des impulsions laser femtosecondes. La commutation toute optique permet un renversement de l’aimantation d’un matériau magnétique sans champ magnétique externe. La direction de l'aimantation résultante est donnée par la polarisation circulaire droite ou gauche de la lumière. La manipulation de l'aimantation par un faisceau laser a longtemps été limité à un seul type de matériau, mais ce mécanisme s'est avéré être un phénomène plus général qui s’applique à une grande variété de matériaux ferromagnétiques, y compris des alliages, des empilements et des hétérostructures, ainsi que des hétérostructures ferrimagnétiques synthétiques de terres-rares. Récemment, nous avons observé le même phénomène dans des films ferromagnétiques simples, ouvrant ainsi la voie à une intégration de l'écriture toute optique dans les dispositifs spintroniques. De plus, dans des matériaux de type [Co/Pt] ou [Co/Ni] avec une polarisation de spin élevée et une anisotropie magnétique perpendiculaire contrôlable, un mouvement de parois de domaines induit par un courant polarisé peut être observé dans des pistes magnétiques (couple spin-orbite ou couple de transfert de spin), ce qui présente un grand intérêt pour des applications spintroniques basse consommation et de densité élevée, telles que le concept de mémoire racetrack et la logique magnétique. Cependant, la densité de courant requise pour le mouvement des parois de domaines est encore trop élevée pour permettre la réalisation de dispositifs à faible puissance. Dans ce contexte innovant, la recherche effectuée dans le cadre de ma thèse s’est concentrée sur la manipulation de parois de domaines dans les pistes fabriquées à partir de films minces à forte anisotropie magnétique perpendiculaire en combinant à la fois les effets du courant polarisé et ceux de la commutation toute optique. Différents films minces ont été explorés afin d'étudier les effets combinés optiques dépendant de l'hélicité et des couples spin-orbite ou de transfert de spin sur le mouvement des parois de domaines. Nous avons montré que les parois de domaine peuvent rester piégées sous une hélicité circulaire du laser et dépiégées par une hélicité circulaire opposée, et la densité de courant polarisé seuil peut être considérablement réduite en utilisant un laser femtoseconde. Nos résultats sont prometteurs pour le développement de nouveaux dispositifs photoniques-spintroniques de faible puissance. / Since the first observation of ultrafast demagnetization in Ni films arising from a pulsed laser excitation, there has been a strong interest in understanding the interaction between ultrashort laser pulses and magnetization. These studies have led to the discovery of all-optical switching (AOS) of magnetization in a ferrimagnetic film alloy of GdFeCo using femtosecond laser pulses. All-optical switching enables an energy-efficient magnetization reversal of the magnetic material with no external magnetic field, where the direction of the resulting magnetization is given by the right or left circular polarization of the light. The manipulation of magnetization through laser beam has long been restricted to one material, though it turned out to be a more general phenomenon for a variety of ferromagnetic materials, including alloys, multilayers and heterostructures, as well as rare earth free synthetic ferrimagnetic heterostructures. Recently, we have observed the same phenomenon in single ferromagnetic films, thus paving the way for an integration of all-optical writing in spintronic devices. Moreover, in similar materials, like [Co/Pt] or [Co/Ni] with high spin polarization and tunable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), efficient current-induced domain wall (DW) motion can be observed in magnetic wires, where spin-orbit torque (SOT) or spin transfer torque (STT) provides a powerful means of manipulating domain walls, which is of great interest for several spintronic applications, such as high-density racetrack memory and magnetic domain wall logic. However, the current density required for domain wall motion is still too high to realize low power devices. This is within this very innovative context that my Ph.D. research has focused on domain wall manipulation in magnetic wires made out of thin film with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy combining both spin-polarized current and all-optical switching. Different material structures have been explored, in order to investigate the combined effects of helicity-dependent optical effect and spin-orbit torque or spin transfer torque on domain wall motion in magnetic wires based on these structures. We show that domain wall can remain pinned under one laser circular helicity while depinned by the opposite circular helicity, and the threshold current density can be greatly reduced by using femtosecond laser pulses. Our findings provide novel insights towards the development of low power spintronic-photonic devices.