Process intensification tools, such as the capillary reactor, offer several benefits to the chemical process industries due to the well-defined high specific interfacial area available for heat and mass transfer, which increases the transfer rates, and due to low inventories, they also enhance the safety of the process. This has provided motivation to investigate three such tools, namely the capillary microreactor, spinning disc and rotating tube reactors, in this study. / The gas-liquid slug flow capillary microreactor intensifies reactor performance through internal circulation caused by the shear between the continuous phase/wall surface and the slug axis, which enhances the diffusivity and consequently increases the reaction rates. However, integrating the complex hydrodynamics of this reactor with its chemical kinetics is a mathematically challenging task. Therefore, in this study, a simple-to-complex approach, using a set of state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamic tools, has been used. Firstly, simulations were performed without any chemical reaction to ascertain the extent of slug flow regime. The model also clearly captured the slug flow generation mechanism which can be used to structurally optimize the angle of entry in these reactors. Finally, the hydrodynamic model was also capable of estimating the pressure drop and slug lengths. After successfully simulating the hydrodynamics of the system, a reaction model was incorporated to study the chemical reaction kinetics. The results were compared with the published experimental work and were found to be in good agreement. / The spinning disc reactor utilizes the centrifugal and shear forces to generate thin liquid films characterized with intense interfering waves. This enables a very high heat transfer coefficients to be realized between the disc and liquid, as well as very high mass transfer between the liquid and the bulk gas phase. The waves formed also produce an intense local mixing with very little back mixing. This makes a spinning disc reactor an ideal contactor for multiphase processes. The focus of this study has been to elucidate the hydrodynamic behaviour of the liquid film flow over the horizontal spinning disc. Investigations were also performed to elaborate the local and overall hydrodynamic characteristics of a fully developed spinning disc reactor. Simulation results showed a continuous linear liquid film on the horizontal spinning disc and intense mixing performance in the annulus of the reactor around the disc surface. Finally, the film thickness data from the simulations were compared with the limited amount of data available for this novel process. / Rotating tube reactor also uses centrifugal forces to generate the liquid film and a high degree of mixing along with an improved control over the reactant retention times. In this work we have conducted a CFD analysis to understand the hydrodynamics of this new technology for future developments.

Magistro darbe atlikta birių medžiagų barstymo proceso mokslinių darbų analizė. Apžvelgta Lietuvos kelius, žiemos metu, prižiūrinčių įmonių struktūra ir gamybinės sąlygos, įvertinant cheminių medžiagų barstymo proceso etapus, eiliškumą ir apimtis. Sudarytas barstytuvų technologinio proceso matematinis modelis, atliktas smėlio – druskos barstytuvų technologinio proceso kokybės tyrimas. Pasiūlyta eksperimentinė įranga ir eksperimento atlikimo metodika barstytuvų technologinio proceso kokybei įvertinti. / In this master work was reviewed analysis of spreading process. Reviewed the structure and industrial conditions of companie’s what during winter time are maintaining Lithuanian roads including the stages, priority and size of spreading process. Created mathematical model of spreading process and investigated the research of sand and salt spreader technological process. Suggested the experimental equipment and method to measure the quality of salt and sand spreading technological process.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alandiaroman_ra_me_jabo.pdf: 1589169 bytes, checksum: ec84315ef69508575519f6e0e74d4440 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se avaliar a características do tamanho de gota, a distribuição volumétrica, cobertura e deposição por bicos de energia centrífuga e hidráulica, assim como o controle do bicudo-do-algodoeiro e produtividade da cultura do algodão. No Laboratório de Análises do Tamanho de Partículas, com utilização de um medidor de gotas por difração a luz laser, foram realizadas todas as avaliações referentes ao tamanho de gota de todos os experimentos. Na primeira avaliação referente ao tamanho de gotas foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado com as seguintes variáveis: três dosadores (0,068; 0,129 e 0,181 L.min-1) três rotações (1780, 2760 e 3610 rpm) e duas caldas (água e água com adição de éster metílico) formando um arranjo fatorial 3x3x2 com três repetições. Os mesmos tratamentos foram utilizados para a realização do estudo da distribuição volumétrica. O segundo experimento realizado no laboratório foi com esquema fatorial 3x4+1, sendo três modelos de bicos (TT11001, XR11001 e ECOS), quatro caldas (endosulfan, endosulfan + óleo vegetal, endosulfan + óleo mineral e endosulfan + nonilfenol) com três repetições. Para o terceiro experimento foi utilizado o esquema fatorial 2x2+2, sendo dois modelos de bicos rotativos (Turbotrator e ECOS), duas caldas (endosulfan e endosulfan + óleo vegetal) e duas testemunhas (Com e sem aplicação). Os tratamentos utilizados no segundo e terceiro experimento foram aplicados a campo na UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, nas safras 2008/2009 e 2009/2010. Foi avaliada a cobertura pelas gotas aspergidas com utilização de papéis hidrossensíveis; a deposição por meio da extração do marcador manganês em espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica; o controle do bicudo-do-algodoeiro e a produtividade da cultura do algodão. De acordo com os resultados pode-se concluir que os bicos de energia centrífuga... / The aim of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of the droplet size, distribution volume, coverage and deposition by centrifugal and hydraulic energy nozzles as well as control of the boll weevil and productivity of cotton. In the Laboratory of Particle Size Analysis, using a meter drops by laser light diffraction were carried out all assessments relating to the droplet size for all experiments. In the first evaluation regarding the droplet size was used a randomized design with the following variables: three feeders (0.068, 0.129 and 0.181 L.min-1) three rotations (1780, 2760 and 3610 rpm) and two spay liquids (water and water with addition of methyl ester) to form a 3x3x2 factorial design with three replications. The same treatments were used for the study of the distribution volume. The second experiment was conducted in the laboratory with 3x4 +1, three types of nozzles (TT11001, XR11001 and ECOS), four spray liquids (endosulfan, endosulfan + vegetable oil, endosulfan + mineral oil and endosulfan + nonylphenol) with three replications. For the third experiment we used a factorial 2x2+2, two models of spinning disc atomizerss (Turbotrator and ECOS), two spray liquids (endosulfan + endosulfan and vegetable oil) and two controls (With and without spray). The treatments in the second and third experiment were applied to field level at UNESP in Jaboticabal-SP, harvests in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. Were evaluated the coverage by droplets sprayed with use of hidrossensitive papers; vi deposition by extracting the marker manganese in atomic absorption spectrophotometer; the control of the boll weevil and productivity of cotton. According to the results we can conclude that the centrifugal energy nozzles are more uniform droplet spectrum consequently less risk of drift when compared to hydraulic energy nozzles. Factors such as speed, flow and addition of adjuvant to interfere ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Marcelo da Costa Ferreira / Banca: Otavio Jorge Grigoli Abi Saab / Banca: Julio Cesar Galli / Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a características do tamanho de gota, a distribuição volumétrica, cobertura e deposição por bicos de energia centrífuga e hidráulica, assim como o controle do bicudo-do-algodoeiro e produtividade da cultura do algodão. No Laboratório de Análises do Tamanho de Partículas, com utilização de um medidor de gotas por difração a luz laser, foram realizadas todas as avaliações referentes ao tamanho de gota de todos os experimentos. Na primeira avaliação referente ao tamanho de gotas foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado com as seguintes variáveis: três dosadores (0,068; 0,129 e 0,181 L.min-1) três rotações (1780, 2760 e 3610 rpm) e duas caldas (água e água com adição de éster metílico) formando um arranjo fatorial 3x3x2 com três repetições. Os mesmos tratamentos foram utilizados para a realização do estudo da distribuição volumétrica. O segundo experimento realizado no laboratório foi com esquema fatorial 3x4+1, sendo três modelos de bicos (TT11001, XR11001 e ECOS), quatro caldas (endosulfan, endosulfan + óleo vegetal, endosulfan + óleo mineral e endosulfan + nonilfenol) com três repetições. Para o terceiro experimento foi utilizado o esquema fatorial 2x2+2, sendo dois modelos de bicos rotativos (Turbotrator e ECOS), duas caldas (endosulfan e endosulfan + óleo vegetal) e duas testemunhas (Com e sem aplicação). Os tratamentos utilizados no segundo e terceiro experimento foram aplicados a campo na UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, nas safras 2008/2009 e 2009/2010. Foi avaliada a cobertura pelas gotas aspergidas com utilização de papéis hidrossensíveis; a deposição por meio da extração do marcador manganês em espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica; o controle do bicudo-do-algodoeiro e a produtividade da cultura do algodão. De acordo com os resultados pode-se concluir que os bicos de energia centrífuga ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of the droplet size, distribution volume, coverage and deposition by centrifugal and hydraulic energy nozzles as well as control of the boll weevil and productivity of cotton. In the Laboratory of Particle Size Analysis, using a meter drops by laser light diffraction were carried out all assessments relating to the droplet size for all experiments. In the first evaluation regarding the droplet size was used a randomized design with the following variables: three feeders (0.068, 0.129 and 0.181 L.min-1) three rotations (1780, 2760 and 3610 rpm) and two spay liquids (water and water with addition of methyl ester) to form a 3x3x2 factorial design with three replications. The same treatments were used for the study of the distribution volume. The second experiment was conducted in the laboratory with 3x4 +1, three types of nozzles (TT11001, XR11001 and ECOS), four spray liquids (endosulfan, endosulfan + vegetable oil, endosulfan + mineral oil and endosulfan + nonylphenol) with three replications. For the third experiment we used a factorial 2x2+2, two models of spinning disc atomizerss (Turbotrator and ECOS), two spray liquids (endosulfan + endosulfan and vegetable oil) and two controls (With and without spray). The treatments in the second and third experiment were applied to field level at UNESP in Jaboticabal-SP, harvests in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. Were evaluated the coverage by droplets sprayed with use of hidrossensitive papers; vi deposition by extracting the marker manganese in atomic absorption spectrophotometer; the control of the boll weevil and productivity of cotton. According to the results we can conclude that the centrifugal energy nozzles are more uniform droplet spectrum consequently less risk of drift when compared to hydraulic energy nozzles. Factors such as speed, flow and addition of adjuvant to interfere ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre