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This is a study of the relationship between music and spirit possession among the Yorùbá of the South-Western part of Nigeria. Through the ages, philosophers and scholars have been interested in the relationship between music and trance possession, especially the question of whether music triggers, influences or sustains trance or spirit possession, and if so, how. This thesis seeks to focus on the relationship between the music used in worship practices where possessions take place, and how the music might initiate and drive the possession states. Spirit possession is a phenomenon which springs from and is associated with the social and belief systems of different people. However, the Aládurà church (an Independent African Church - AIC) worshippers dissociate themselves from the possession practices that are experienced among the Yorùbá indigenous traditional worshippers, while the traditionalists claim that the spirit possession practised in the Aládurà churches originated and has its roots in the traditional practices. This suggests an inherent difference in the two belief systems even though the possession experiences among them are characterised by similar presentations. Following the theory that spirit possession practices are culturally determined, this research seeks to identify the specific cultural elements in the music used in Yorùbá worship traditions where possessions take place, not as a cause and effect, but how music affects the possession process. My study, therefore, sets out to investigate what could be a common factor between the two structurally and contextually different types of music used by the two sects of worshippers with the aim of identifying the common factors in the music, which seem to be the link between the two worship groups. Key words: Music, Spirit Possession, culture, worship.

Abstract This thesis proposes to scrutinize and analyze the contrasts that abound in Sarah Fielding¡¦s novel, The Adventures of David Simple. Contrasts pervade the novel because they exist in the themes, between the paired protagonists, and between part one and part two. The hero, David Simple, is characterized by his extreme benevolence that rarely exists among us. He seems uncommon by prioritizing friendship over anything else. He is an extremist in point of godliness, innocence, spirituality, sentimentality, and benevolence. With like-minded friends, David sets up a utopian community that grows from four to eleven members, but at last only two female members survive. The annihilation of David¡¦s secluded utopia brings about the enigma that good seems to go unrewarded. This thesis attempts to draw on feudalism and capitalism to explain the decline of David¡¦s utopia by analyzing the patron-client relationship that evolves between David Simple and Mr. Orgueil. Chapter one gives an overview of this novel, mentions the novel¡¦s reception by major critics, and introduces each chapter that follows. Chapter two delineates the thematic structure of the novel. Major themes are Christian spirit, friendship, and envy. Sub-themes are composed of thematic contrasts between innocence and sophistication, spirituality and materialism, sentimentality and rationality, and benevolence and malevolence. Chapter three analyzes parallels in the contrasts between Cynthia and Mrs. Orgueil in order to prove my hypothesis that Cynthia equals Mrs. Orgueil in temperament, in intelligence, and in persistence. Chapter four explores the contrasting notions of happiness between David and Mr. Orgueil. These contrasts are those between godliness and worldliness, innocence and sophistication, spirituality and materialism, sentimentality and rationality, and benevolence and malevolence. This analysis of contrasting notions of happiness will lead me to conclude that both David and Mr. Orgueil attain transient and earthly happiness when they are alive, but only David attains eternal and heavenly happiness at the end of the novel. To sum up, the threshold of heavenly happiness is death. The prerequisite for an approach to that threshold of permanent happiness is benevolence, which avails to transcend sublunary happiness.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Problem: Once a business is running, simultaneously the treat of loosing the entrepreneurial</p><p>spirit is occurring. The team is not as passionate and people do not seem as enthousiastic,</p><p>and what was once a mission is now seemingly nothing more than a job for you and for</p><p>them. Many factors cause the damage; however, the structure and the human resource</p><p>management are two particularly factors involved in that damage.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the structure and the human resource</p><p>management serve as rescuers to force and keep the entrepreneurial spirit. The authors</p><p>findings will help them give suggestions on how these two basic fields help in stabilizing</p><p>the entrepreneurship.</p><p>Method: The data collection is based on theories related to findings from the real life business</p><p>world. To assemble qualitative and reliable research, the authors conducted seven oral</p><p>interviews with professionals working in different positions. In addition, the interviewees</p><p>were selected from four different companies and different industries.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The structure in growing firms needs regular adjustment to hold a clear communication</p><p>and clear definition of responsibilities which are crucial for the survival of the firm. Firms</p><p>relying on innovativeness need to find the balance between openness of communication,</p><p>flexibility and the degree of bureaucratization. In addition, firms based on innovation</p><p>should be aware of tolerance of failure. Trust between management and employees also</p><p>tend to influence the overall performance of the firm.</p><p>As the business develops, HRM practices also follow a certain change and update. An established</p><p>firm needs to have clear competences of what is needed in the organization. Besides</p><p>that, the firms need to emphasize training and development. In addition to keep people</p><p>motivated and sustain the entrepreneurial spirit, firms need to be aware of rewarding.</p><p>Eventually the authors also discovered a need to include internationalization in their thesis</p><p>and how it is related to sustain the entrepreneurial spirit in growing firms.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education in association with Greenwich School of Theology, U.K., 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 388-397).

Thesis (MTh)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Abstract Problem: Once a business is running, simultaneously the treat of loosing the entrepreneurial spirit is occurring. The team is not as passionate and people do not seem as enthousiastic, and what was once a mission is now seemingly nothing more than a job for you and for them. Many factors cause the damage; however, the structure and the human resource management are two particularly factors involved in that damage. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the structure and the human resource management serve as rescuers to force and keep the entrepreneurial spirit. The authors findings will help them give suggestions on how these two basic fields help in stabilizing the entrepreneurship. Method: The data collection is based on theories related to findings from the real life business world. To assemble qualitative and reliable research, the authors conducted seven oral interviews with professionals working in different positions. In addition, the interviewees were selected from four different companies and different industries. Conclusion The structure in growing firms needs regular adjustment to hold a clear communication and clear definition of responsibilities which are crucial for the survival of the firm. Firms relying on innovativeness need to find the balance between openness of communication, flexibility and the degree of bureaucratization. In addition, firms based on innovation should be aware of tolerance of failure. Trust between management and employees also tend to influence the overall performance of the firm. As the business develops, HRM practices also follow a certain change and update. An established firm needs to have clear competences of what is needed in the organization. Besides that, the firms need to emphasize training and development. In addition to keep people motivated and sustain the entrepreneurial spirit, firms need to be aware of rewarding. Eventually the authors also discovered a need to include internationalization in their thesis and how it is related to sustain the entrepreneurial spirit in growing firms.

Thesis (M.A.)--Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1990. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-87).

Thesis (M. Div.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-41).

Thesis (M. Div.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 104).