Magistro darbe išanalizuotos duomenų, informacijos ir žinių sąvokos, nusakant šių informacijos brandos lygmenų sąveiką, aptartos aeropalinologinės informacijos pritaikomumo skirtingoms informacijos sklaidos priemonėms galimybės, išanalizuoti informacijos vadybos procesai teoriniu ir praktiniu aspektais, apžvelgta aeropalinologinės informacijos sklaidos patirtis Europoje ir Lietuvoje. Atskleistas vartotojų poreikis aeropalinologinei informacijai ir įvardinti labiausiai vartotojams priimtini šios informacijos sklaidos būdai. Patvirtinta pirma autorės suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad patogiausias būdas vartotojams gauti aeropalinologinę informaciją yra specializuotas puslapis internete. Nepatvirtinta antra autorės suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad alergiški žmonės, turėdami savalaikę informaciją apie žiedadulkių koncentracijos prognozes, gali apriboti žiedadulkių sukeliamą neigiamą poveikį ir sumažinti išlaidas sveikatos apsaugai. 2007 m. gruodį autorės straipsnis „Analysis of diurnal variation of airborne pollen in the atmosphere“ publikuotas leidinyje „Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis. Cross–Border Cooperation in Researches of Biological Diversity“ (ISI Master Journal List). 2008 m. rugpjūčio 12 d. – 16 d. Suomijoje vykusioje „The 4th European Symposium on Aerobiology“ konferencijoje pristatytas parengtas pranešimas tema „Spread of aerobiological information in Lithuania: what we offer and what they expect?“. 2009 m. balandžio 2 d. autorė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this master work the concept of data, information and knowledge, describing the interaction of the information maturity levels, were analysed, applications of the aeropalynological information for different information spreading tools were discussed, theoretical and practical aspects of information management processes were analysed, the experience of aeropalynological information spread in Europe and Lithuania was overlooked. Users' requirement for the aeropalynological information was disclosed and most acceptable ways of receiving this information were identified. The first hypothesis of this master work, the most convenient way to obtain aeropalynological information is a specialized web site, was approved. The second hypothesis, allergic people, who has timely information about forecast of pollen concentration and are able to limit the negative impact caused by pollen and reduce the costs of health care, was not approved. Author's article „Analysis of diurnal variation of airborne pollen in the atmosphere“ was published in „Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis. Cross–Border Cooperation in Researches of Biological Diversity” (ISI Master Journal List) in December, 2007. „The 4th European Symposium on Aerobiology“ took place in Finland on 12–16 of August, 2008. Report „Spread of aerobiological information in Lithuania: what we offer and what they expect?“ was presented. Author participated in the 12th Conference of Young Scientists „Science – future of Lithuania“... [to full text]

Humboldt-Univ., Diss--Berlin, 2000. / Literaturverz. S. [273] - 287.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grazziani Barreto Colombo.pdf: 2156642 bytes, checksum: 0f096db6f6275455f5fdc82868f3edf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-03 / This research has as object social networks, specifically Facebook, including participations and interactions on the network. The aim is to investigate the phenomenon of the spread of information under the following approach: to participate is to exist. To that end, variables of influence, communication and reputation involved in the spread and in the forms of participation, which qualify the existence of individuals in the network were studied. The issue involved is that user's forms of participation on social networks are in a transitional movement that changes his perception of existence in the digital environment. There is no stability among the types of interactions that generate the spread of information. These forms are linked to the current structures of social networks: if they change, the forms of participation are also changed, and therefore, the feedback from peers and their perception of existence on the network. The spread also depends on the network algorithm, which defines the rules and content distribution thresholds. Thus, for the diffusion to happen, two decision thresholds will be needed: the user's and the algorithm's. The hypothesis is that user participation qualifies its existence on online social networks. To participate is to exist. Through Granovetter's studies - on the forces between the connections of users and decision thresholds in collective participation, Gladwell and Christakis - about the influences of network connections - the project presents theoretical grounds to advance in the understanding of the dissemination of information on social networks. Users' strong ties are crucial cogs to the scope of the two thresholds within the network. The analyzed case is the "Ice Bucket Challenge", a movement in favor of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Association (ALSA). It worked as follows: a person would pour a bucket of water with ice on his head and challenge three others to do the same within 24 hours or donate $ 100 to the association. The message reached tens of millions of people and led the Association to raise 45 times more donations than the previous year. The clarification sought about how the spread of information in social networks and its direct relationship with the existence of individuals, makes it possible the raise of new issues and analysis related to algorithms decision thresholds, as well as new definitions of what is to participate of/to belong to a social network / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto as redes sociais, especificamente o Facebook, compreendendo participações e interações na rede. O objetivo é investigar o fenômeno da propagação de informações sob o seguinte ângulo: participar é existir. Para tanto, foram estudadas as variáveis de influência, comunicação e reputação implicadas na propagação e nas formas de participação, as quais qualificam a existência dos indivíduos na rede. A problemática envolvida é que as formas de participação dos usuários nas redes sociais estão em um movimento transitório que altera sua percepção de existência no meio. Não há uma estabilidade entre os tipos de interação que geram a propagação de informação. Essas formas estão ligadas às atuais estruturas das redes sociais: se elas mudam, as formas de participação também se alteram e por consequência o feedback dos pares e a sua percepção de existir na rede. A propagação também depende do algoritmo da rede, que define as regras e os limiares de distribuição de conteúdo. Assim, para que a difusão aconteça, será necessário o alcance de dois limiares de decisão: o do usuário e o do algoritmo. A hipótese é que a participação do usuário qualifica sua existência nas redes sociais on-line. Participar é existir. Através dos estudos de Granovetter sobre as forças entre as conexões dos usuários e dos limiares de decisão em participações coletivas, Gladwell e Christakis sobre as influências das conexões em rede o projeto apresenta bases teóricas para avançar no entendimento da difusão de informações nas redes sociais. Os laços fortes dos usuários são engrenagens fundamentais para o alcance dos dois limiares dentro da rede. O caso analisado é o Desafio do balde de gelo (Ice Bucket Challenge), um movimento em prol da Associação Americana de Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ALSA). A operação funcionava da seguinte forma: uma pessoa derramava um balde de água com gelo sobre a cabeça e desafiava três outras pessoas a fazer o mesmo dentro de 24 horas ou doar US$ 100 para a associação. A propagação atingiu dezenas de milhões de pessoas e fez com que a Associação arrecadasse 45 vezes mais doações que o ano anterior. O esclarecimento que se buscou sobre como a propagação de informações nas redes sociais e sua relação direta com a existência dos indivíduos possibilita levantar novas questões e análises em relação ao limiar de decisão dos algoritmos, bem como as novas definições do que é participar na rede

我國興櫃股票之交易方式係由推薦證券商（即興櫃股票之造市商）之報價主導交易進行，屬於報價驅動（Quote-driven）之交易方式，與我國上櫃股票採取「等價交易」及上市股票採取「競價交易」等均屬委託單驅動（Order-driven）之交易方式迥然不同。 按我國證券交易法第155條第2項準用同條第1項規定之適用結果，「於證券商營業處所買賣有價證券」者，仍應有第1項所揭反市場操縱條款之適用。惟有關興櫃股票交易在成交對象之選擇、成交順序、成交價格決定，乃至於成交後之給付結算作業方式等，均與我國現行上市（櫃）股票之交易及交割方式具有明顯之差異，致應如何適用證券交易法反市場操縱條款之規定，乃成疑義。 本文鑒於興櫃股票市場規模已呈穩定成長之勢，不難想像興櫃股票交易與市場操縱行為之間終將有擦出爭議火花之時，故以比較法學研究之觀點，歸納並分析興櫃股票與上市（櫃）股票交易方式之差異及其癥結所在。另蒐集瀏覽世界各國主要證券市場之交易規制，包括美國OTCBB市場、歐陸Alternext市場及英國AIM市場，分析其他採用報價驅動交易模式之先進市場當中有關造市商義務之規範，以掌握造市商義務之核心意涵。進而以造市商義務範圍及報價驅動市場之交易特徵為基礎，逐一檢測興櫃股票適用我國證券交易法所揭「違約不交割」、「相對委託」、「連續交易」、「沖洗買賣」、「散布流言或不實資料」及「其他直接或間接操縱市場」等各款反市場操縱條款規定可能引發之爭議，並提出本文意見。 / The trading mechanism of Taiwan Emerging Stock is based on quote-driven model, which is very different from the order-driven model of the Taiwan OTC securities market and Taiwan Stock Exchange market. By the Taiwan Securities and Exchange Act Article 155 paragraph 2 permitted that paragraph 1, the anti-market manipulation provisions, shall apply mutatis mutandis to securities transactions conducted on the over-the-counter markets. However, lots of Taiwan Emerging stock trading rules such as allowing the participants to choose their counterparty, the matching sequence rules, the price decision rules, and even the rules of payment and settlement practices after transaction, all have significantly differences between those of Taiwan Emerging stock market and listed stock market. Therefore, how should Taiwan Emerging stock apply to the Securities Exchange Act under the terms of the anti-market manipulation is into doubt. Taiwan Emerging stock market has shown a steady growth trend, hence, it is easy to imagine that Taiwan Emerging stock trading and market manipulation issues will eventually rise to controversy. This thesis is to study from the point of view of comparative law, by means of analyzing the emerging stock markets of the advanced countries, including the U.S. OTCBB market, the European Alternext market and the UK AIM market, to conclude the crux of the difference between the quote-driven and order-driven market models. Then, to understand the characteristics and core obligation of the market maker under quote-driven market model, furthermore, to detect the disputes may lead for adapting the anti-manipulation provisions to Taiwan Emerging stock, including the terms of "breach of contract non-deliverable", "improper matched orders ", "continuous trading", "wash sale", "spreading rumors or false information" and other direct or indirect behavior of manipulation". And this thesis proposed its discovery at the end.