Orientador: José Renato Zanini / Banca: Alexandre Barcellos Dalri / Banca: Sergio Nascimento Duarte / Resumo: Atualmente há grande preocupação com o desperdício de água. Utilizando equipamentos e sistemas que possuem maior uniformidade de distribuição de água, obtém-se melhor aproveitamento da água aplicada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho do aspersor modelo FR Super 10 com compensador de pressão, sob diferentes pressões de trabalho, espaçamentos e alturas de instalação. Os testes foram realizados em laboratório, controlando-se a pressão com dois manômetros previamente calibrados com coluna de mercúrio e a uniformidade de distribuição avaliada utilizando-se o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) e o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição (CUD). Foram utilizados quatro bocais do aspersor Super 10, duas alturas (0,6 e 1,2 m), seis pressões (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 e 50 m.c.a.) e seis espaçamentos (9x9, 9x10, 10x10, 9x12, 10x12 e 12x12 m). Os bocais azul, amarelo e vermelho apresentaram características autocompensantes e o bocal verde não foi totalmente autocompensante, os coeficientes de variação de fabricação (CVF) foram maiores nos bocais com menor abertura (azul e amarelo) comparados com os bocais de maior abertura. Aumentando-se da altura de instalação do aspersor, de 0,6 para 1,2 m, proporciona melhoria da uniformidade e do perfil radial de distribuição, diminuindo a intensidade de aplicação próximo do aspersor. Como este aspersor possui compensador de pressão a variação de pressão não influenciou no raio de alcance do aspersor / Abstract: Actually, there is great concern about the waste of water. When using equipment and systems that have more uniform water distribution, it will have better utilization of the applied water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the model FR Super 10 sprinkler with pressure compensator under different pressures, spacing and installation heights. The tests were performed in the laboratory, controlling the pressure with two gauges calibrated with mercury column and the distribution uniformity measured using the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC) and the distribution uniformity coefficient (CUD). Four spray nozzles were utilized in the Super 10 sprinkler, two heights (0.6 and 1.2 m), six pressures (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 m H2O) and six spacing (9x9, 9x10, 10x10, 9x12, 10x12 and 12x12 m). The blue, yellow and red nozzles presented self-compensating features and green nozzle was not fully self- compensating, the coefficients manufacturing variations (CVF) were lower in the nozzles with smaller aperture (blue and yellow) compared to the higher nozzle opening. Increasing the sprinkler height provides better water uniformity distribution and of the radial distribution profile, lowering the application rate near the sprinkler. As this sprinkler has compensator pressure change the pressure did not influence the sprinkler range / Mestre

Master of Science / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Danny H. Rogers / Center pivot irrigation systems are used in crop production across the state of Kansas. The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) standard on uniformity testing of a center pivot system calls for collectors to be used to measure the water depth emitted by the irrigation system. The standard was designed without specially considering the low pressure sprinklers now commonly used on center pivot systems; the recommended collectors may not accurately measure the applied depth from these sprinklers. The collector size effect on measured water depth and measured depth variability was studied for spinning plate, fixed plate, and wobbling plate sprinkler systems. Five different collector sizes (C2 (5.5 cm), C4 (10.0 cm), C6 (14.8 cm), C8 (20.0 cm), and C10 (27.4 cm)) were studied using four 5x5 Latin squares. Each collector’s water depth was measured and statistically analyzed. Two analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests of the collector size effect were reported. Past experimental results were compared to this experiment’s results. The ANOVA for the measured water depth reported no collector size effect for the spinning plate and wobbling plate systems. The ANOVA of the variability of measured depths showed significant differences between collector sizes for the spinning plate system but not for the wobbling plate system. Previous studies of spinning plate and wobbling plate systems reported acceptable variability for all collector sizes. Although some collector sizes measured significantly different mean depths, the numerical difference in mean depths was small. Any studied collector size could be used to measure the water depth of wobbling plate systems, but the C4 collector is ideal. C4 and C6 collectors are ideal for measuring spinning plate systems. Significant differences between measured depths were reported for the fixed plate system. The C10 measured significantly lower water depths than all other collectors, and the C4 collector measured lower depths than the C2 and C8 collectors. The variability of mean depths was similar and high for all collector sizes. Previous experiments also indicated that different collector sizes measured different depths and had high variability of depth measurements for the fixed plate sprinkler systems. The distinct stream pattern provides a challenge for accurately measuring the water depth with these collector sizes; other methods of measuring uniformity should be considered for fixed plate sprinklers.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: program; testing; modeling; blow down; discharge; dry chemical. Includes bibliographical references (p. 364-375).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:50:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_sm_me_jabo.pdf: 826939 bytes, checksum: 12486251850f6277cc1ecb8ca4a94a65 (MD5) / Dentre outras características, para que a irrigação seja eficiente tecnicamente e economicamente, é imperativo que os sistemas apresentem ampla durabilidade e elevada uniformidade de aplicação da água. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o desempenho hidráulico de microaspersores autocompensantes da marca Netafim modelo SuperNet LR com vazão nominal de 35 L h-1, novos e usados com 4.265 horas de funcionamento decorrentes de 9 anos de instalação, submetidos a pressões de 170, 250, 350 e 450 kPa. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” da Universidade Estadual Paulista. Para a implantação e interpretação do experimento, utilizou-se a norma da ABNT 04:015.08-015 de janeiro de 2004. Foram avaliados a uniformidade de vazão, os coeficientes de variação de fabricação e vazão (CVF e CVQ), as curvas de distribuição média de água, os diâmetros de cobertura, os padrões de molhamento, os coeficientes de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD) e os coeficientes de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) com sobreposição de 100% do raio de alcance. Para a interpretação do ensaio de vazão e intervalo de compensação de pressão, foi efetuado uma disposição experimental do tipo fatorial 2 x 4 com 10 repetições e aplicado o teste de Tukey a 5% probabilidade. Os microaspersores novos e usados não diferiram em relação ao coeficiente de variação de fabricação e de vazão, sendo classificados como excelentes. Os diâmetros de cobertura dos emissores novos e usados foram de 6 m, sendo igual ao apresentado no catálogo do fabricante. Nos microaspersores novos e usados as maiores... / Among other features, so that irrigation is effective technically and economically, it is imperative that the systems have ample durability and high uniformity of water application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the self-compensating microsprinklers Netafim model SuperNet LR with nominal flow rate of 35 L h-1, new and used with 4,265 hours of operation and to 9 years of installation, subjected to pressures 170, 250, 350 and 450 kPa. The work was performed in the hydraulics laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – São Paulo State University. For the implementation and interpretation of the experiment, it was used ABNT 04:015.08-015 January 2004. It was evaluated the uniformity of flow, the coefficients of manufacturing and flow (CVF and CVQ), the curves of average distribution of water, the diameters of coverage, patterns of wetness, the coefficients of distribution uniformity (CUD) and the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC) with overlapping 100% of range. For the interpretation of the test flow range and pressure compensation, a provision was made experimental type 2 x 4 factorial with 10 replications and applied the Tukey test at 5% probability. The microsprinklers new and used did not differ with respect to the coefficient of variation of manufacturing and flow, being classified as excellent. The diameters of coverage of new and used emitters were 6 m, being the same as in the manufacturer's catalog. In the new and used microsprinklers the highest levels of application were found at 0,25 m distance from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: José Renato Zanini / Banca: Roberto Rezende / Banca: Rogério Teixeira de Faria / Resumo: Dentre outras características, para que a irrigação seja eficiente tecnicamente e economicamente, é imperativo que os sistemas apresentem ampla durabilidade e elevada uniformidade de aplicação da água. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o desempenho hidráulico de microaspersores autocompensantes da marca Netafim modelo SuperNet LR com vazão nominal de 35 L h-1, novos e usados com 4.265 horas de funcionamento decorrentes de 9 anos de instalação, submetidos a pressões de 170, 250, 350 e 450 kPa. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" da Universidade Estadual Paulista. Para a implantação e interpretação do experimento, utilizou-se a norma da ABNT 04:015.08-015 de janeiro de 2004. Foram avaliados a uniformidade de vazão, os coeficientes de variação de fabricação e vazão (CVF e CVQ), as curvas de distribuição média de água, os diâmetros de cobertura, os padrões de molhamento, os coeficientes de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD) e os coeficientes de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) com sobreposição de 100% do raio de alcance. Para a interpretação do ensaio de vazão e intervalo de compensação de pressão, foi efetuado uma disposição experimental do tipo fatorial 2 x 4 com 10 repetições e aplicado o teste de Tukey a 5% probabilidade. Os microaspersores novos e usados não diferiram em relação ao coeficiente de variação de fabricação e de vazão, sendo classificados como excelentes. Os diâmetros de cobertura dos emissores novos e usados foram de 6 m, sendo igual ao apresentado no catálogo do fabricante. Nos microaspersores novos e usados as maiores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Among other features, so that irrigation is effective technically and economically, it is imperative that the systems have ample durability and high uniformity of water application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the self-compensating microsprinklers Netafim model SuperNet LR with nominal flow rate of 35 L h-1, new and used with 4,265 hours of operation and to 9 years of installation, subjected to pressures 170, 250, 350 and 450 kPa. The work was performed in the hydraulics laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - São Paulo State University. For the implementation and interpretation of the experiment, it was used ABNT 04:015.08-015 January 2004. It was evaluated the uniformity of flow, the coefficients of manufacturing and flow (CVF and CVQ), the curves of average distribution of water, the diameters of coverage, patterns of wetness, the coefficients of distribution uniformity (CUD) and the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC) with overlapping 100% of range. For the interpretation of the test flow range and pressure compensation, a provision was made experimental type 2 x 4 factorial with 10 replications and applied the Tukey test at 5% probability. The microsprinklers new and used did not differ with respect to the coefficient of variation of manufacturing and flow, being classified as excellent. The diameters of coverage of new and used emitters were 6 m, being the same as in the manufacturer's catalog. In the new and used microsprinklers the highest levels of application were found at 0,25 m distance from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: José Renato Zanini / Banca: José Carlos Barbosa / Banca: Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez / Resumo: O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil radial e a uniformidade de distribuição de água do aspersor fabricado pela empresa NaanDanJain, modelo 427 1/2"M e bocal de 2,8 mm de diâmetro interno, operando com pressões de 150, 200, 300 e 400 kPa em cinco posições do defletor de ajuste (0, 20, 50, 80 e 100%). Para a determinação dos parâmetros avaliados utilizou-se o método da malha, e com o auxílio do aplicativo computacional CATCH 3D calculou-se a sobreposição das lâminas de água com dez espaçamentos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o defletor de ajuste influencia o raio de molhamento, o perfil de distribuição e a uniformidade de aplicação de água e mostrou-se como um mecanismo importante, pois permite comportamento diferenciado para o aspersor, garantindo ampla faixa de utilização do equipamento / Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the radial profile and the uniformity of water distribution of sprinkler manufactured by the company NaanDanJain, model 427 1/2"M and nozzle with 2.8 mm of internal diameter, operating at pressures of 150, 200, 300 and 400 kPa and five positions of the deflector (0, 20, 50, 80 and 100%). For the determination of the parameters rated, we used the method of the grid, and with the aid of computer application CATCH 3D, it was calculated overlapping layers of water with ten spacing. The results show that the deflector adjustment influences the radius of wetness, the distribution profile and the uniformity of water application and showed itself as an important mechanism, since it gave different behavior for the sprinkler, ensuring wide track usage of the equipment / Mestre

Master of Science / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Gary A. Clark / This report presents the methods to determine the minimum number of collectors to accurately measure the coefficient of uniformity and the average depth of applied water from fixed plate and moving plate center pivot sprinkler irrigation systems. This research conducted an uniformity analysis and an average depth analysis. In the uniformity analysis, catch can collected data from center pivot system tests were divided into base sets of 60 data points. Each base set was further divided into subsets of 30 data points each. T-tests were used to compare the CU values from the base data sets with CU values from each of the subsets. In the average depth analysis, center pivot system catch can data were divided into base sets with 20 data points. Each base data set was divided into 19 subsets. The 1st subset was generated by removing an exterior data point from the base set which was identified by number 1. The 2nd subset was generated by removing other exterior data point (identified by number 20) from the previously generated subset (1st subset). In this manner, a total of 19 subsets for each base set were generated by removing an exterior point from each previous subset. The percent difference (change) in average depth of each subset from the value of the average depth of the base set was calculated. The percent difference in average depth was then plotted against the associated number of collectors. Both analyses documented that a decrease in the number of collectors from the original density of collectors is acceptable to determine the uniformity and averaged depth of applied water from center pivot spans. Results from the uniformity analysis demonstrated that 20 collectors were as effective as 60 collectors to quantify the uniformity of a system. The depth analysis showed that 9 to 12 collectors may be needed to measure the average depth of a system (or a portion of a system) to within 5% to 7.5% of the true value.

Thesis (M. App. Sc.)--Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 322-325). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: suppression; drop size; high flash point pool fire. Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-218).

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