Thesis (M.E.F.E.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). "Fire engineering research report." "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-208). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Field problem. Includes bibliographical references.

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (Especialização em Construções). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009

University of Macau / Faculty of Science and Technology / Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Installation of exposed fire sprinklers may cause inconvenience in areas where architectural and interior presentation is significant. In order to overcome this inconvenience, recessed and concealed sprinklers were created and are applied widely. Response Time Index (RTI) and C-factor are the thermal sensitivity (intrinsic parameters) used to characterise a sprinkler. They are also used as input parameters in computer fire models to simulate sprinkler response time. However, the RTI and C-factor are not published by the manufactures. Therefore the RTI and C-factor of the recessed and concealed sprinklers have been analysed and determined in this research. In order to obtain the RTI of the recessed and concealed sprinklers, four of the most commonly used sprinkler models (two recessed and two concealed) in New Zealand have been investigated in plunge test experiment by using a wind tunnel in this research. The UC3 wind tunnel used to conduct the plunge test has been fabricated in this research. This work has demonstrated that the UC3 wind tunnel could provide a very stable and uniform temperature profile in the test section. However, the velocity uniformity of the tunnel needs to be improved in the future. The "apparent" RTI for different recessed and concealed sprinkler models (two recessed and two concealed) have been determined in the plunge test experiment. It should be noted that the "final calculated RTI" for each tested recessed and concealed sprinklers has been denoted as "apparent RTI" in this study. BRANZFIRE computer model has been used to model the fire scenarios in the full scale fire tests conducted by Bill and Heskestad (1995). The best input fire object location, the best input sprinkler distance below the ceiling and the input "apparent C-factor" in BRANZFIRE for the flush, recessed, concealed and the recessed sidewall sprinklers have been determined in this research. This work has generally improved the guidance available to fire safety engineers for the RTI and C-factor of the recessed and concealed sprinklers.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1962 W77

In formulating conclusions for this study it is emphasized that, in some instances, only tendencies are indicated and that further investigation on certain phases of the problem is necessary to make definite statements of facts. This study, however, warrants the following conclusions: 1. For conditions similar to those at Blacksburg, Virginia, the results of this study indicate that maximum yields of corn are obtained when the available moisture percentage is maintained by irrigation at some value between 25 percent and zero. 2 . The amount and distribution of rainfall at Blacksburg, Virginia in 1950 were such that irrigation was not profitable and even detrimental. Decreased yields of corn under irrigation showed that water was not a limiting factor in corn production and indicated a lack of oxygen for root respiration. 3. The rate of depletion of soil moisture was greater for alfalfa than for corn, wheat or burley tobacco; therefore the peak use frequency was less for alfalfa than for the other crops. 4. Burley tobacco appeared to be more sensitive to excess water than either wheat or alfalfa. / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 A28 / Master of Science

The purpose of this research is to identify how uncertainty in fire safety system effectiveness should be considered in a new risk-informed design fire tool, B-RISK. Specific objectives were to collect the available data on fire safety system effectiveness from the literature, investigate methods to improve fire safety system effectiveness data collection, develop the risk-informed design fire tool to propagate the uncertainties, and recommend methods to rank the sources of uncertainty for fire safety system effectiveness for appropriate model selection. The scope of the research is limited to the effects of systems on fire development and smoke spread and does not include the effects of the fire on systems (such as loss of structural integrity) or interactions with occupants. Sprinkler effectiveness data from recent New Zealand Fire Service data is included with a discussion of the uncertainty in this type of data and recommendations for improving data collection. The ability of the model to predict multiple sprinkler activations is developed in conjunction with a hydraulic submodel in B-RISK to include water supply pressure effects on sprinkler effectiveness. A new method of collecting reliability data on passive fire protection elements such as doors was developed. Data collected on the probability for doors in shared means of escape to be open and the time doors are open during occupant evacuation using this method is presented. Available data on smoke management system effectiveness is listed, along with a discussion of why there is more uncertainty associated with these systems compared with sprinkler systems. The capabilities of B-RISK for considering fire safety system effectiveness are demonstrated using Australasian case studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:21:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:25:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858334.pdf: 1056888 bytes, checksum: b759f3c115a7f3291dad0e35566e57fa (MD5) / Atualmente há grande preocupação com o desperdício de água. Utilizando equipamentos e sistemas que possuem maior uniformidade de distribuição de água, obtém-se melhor aproveitamento da água aplicada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho do aspersor modelo FR Super 10 com compensador de pressão, sob diferentes pressões de trabalho, espaçamentos e alturas de instalação. Os testes foram realizados em laboratório, controlando-se a pressão com dois manômetros previamente calibrados com coluna de mercúrio e a uniformidade de distribuição avaliada utilizando-se o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) e o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição (CUD). Foram utilizados quatro bocais do aspersor Super 10, duas alturas (0,6 e 1,2 m), seis pressões (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 e 50 m.c.a.) e seis espaçamentos (9x9, 9x10, 10x10, 9x12, 10x12 e 12x12 m). Os bocais azul, amarelo e vermelho apresentaram características autocompensantes e o bocal verde não foi totalmente autocompensante, os coeficientes de variação de fabricação (CVF) foram maiores nos bocais com menor abertura (azul e amarelo) comparados com os bocais de maior abertura. Aumentando-se da altura de instalação do aspersor, de 0,6 para 1,2 m, proporciona melhoria da uniformidade e do perfil radial de distribuição, diminuindo a intensidade de aplicação próximo do aspersor. Como este aspersor possui compensador de pressão a variação de pressão não influenciou no raio de alcance do aspersor / Actually, there is great concern about the waste of water. When using equipment and systems that have more uniform water distribution, it will have better utilization of the applied water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the model FR Super 10 sprinkler with pressure compensator under different pressures, spacing and installation heights. The tests were performed in the laboratory, controlling the pressure with two gauges calibrated with mercury column and the distribution uniformity measured using the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC) and the distribution uniformity coefficient (CUD). Four spray nozzles were utilized in the Super 10 sprinkler, two heights (0.6 and 1.2 m), six pressures (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 m H2O) and six spacing (9x9, 9x10, 10x10, 9x12, 10x12 and 12x12 m). The blue, yellow and red nozzles presented self-compensating features and green nozzle was not fully self- compensating, the coefficients manufacturing variations (CVF) were lower in the nozzles with smaller aperture (blue and yellow) compared to the higher nozzle opening. Increasing the sprinkler height provides better water uniformity distribution and of the radial distribution profile, lowering the application rate near the sprinkler. As this sprinkler has compensator pressure change the pressure did not influence the sprinkler range