It is impossible to improve the quality of the machines, to increase their reliability and lifetime if the working conditions and the properties of the material are not analyzed. We must know the type of the material (hardening, softening or cyclically stabile), what is chosen for the constructions in low cycle loading, because strain and stress change during the exploitation and depend on this type. If we know the type of the material, we can determine the possibility of its application in concrete exploitation conditions. Real working conditions of the most constructions are close to loading with limited strain (hard straining), because elastic and plastic deformation is met in the zones of crack and stress concentration, that are surrounded with elastically deformed material. The low cycle loading curves parameters A, and are used for the computation of elastic plastic strain curves. These parameters are obtained from the soft low cycle loading results in many cases. The other possible ways for the determination of parameters A, and are shown in this work. The most investigated materials had the initial instability in the interval . For more objective evaluation of stress strain curves parameters A, and , all values of width of hysteresis loop up to semicycle were rejected as insignificant in comparison with the rest lifetime in cycles range . The parameter for the evaluation of hardening (softening) intensity was determined, when the values of... [to full text]

This master thesis was performed in order to investigate arsenic stabilization in step-wise amended soil. Object of the work - soil which taken from the former wood impregnation industrial site in Forsmo, Sweden. It is contaminated with chromate-zinc-arsenate (CZA). Method of the work - three different amendments were used: zerovalent iron (Fe), fly-ash (FA) and peat (P). The test was performed in three weeks. During the first week, four mixtures (with each single additive and with all together) and blank soil was observed. During the second and third weeks test was performed step-wise adding amendments to soil+Fe mixture. Moisture was kept constant all the time. After each week extractions were made and later investigated by doing electrical conductivity, redox potential and pH tests. For elemental composition ICP-OES analysis was performed. The results of the work - the best result to stabilize arsenic were achieved by adding single iron. Stabilisation using iron, fly-ashes and peat elevated As leaching compared to non-amended soil. Step-wise amendment did not have a significant difference from single amelioration neither to arsenic, nor to other heavy metals investigated. / Darbo tikslas - įvertinti pakopinės stabilizacijos poveikį arseno bei kitų sunkiųjų metalų (SM) judrumui užterštame dirvožemyje. Darbo objektas - chromuotu cinko arsenatu užterštas dirvožemis, paimtas iš buvusios medienos apdirbimo aikštelės Forsmo vietovėje, Švedijoje. Darbo metodika - tyrimui buvo naudoti trejopi priedai: geležis (0), lakieji pelenai ir durpės. Tyrimas atliktas per tris savaites. Pirmosios savaitės metu buvo stebimi keturi dirvožemio ir jo priedų mišiniai bei kontrolinis dirvožemio mėginys. Vėliau dirvožemio ir geležies mišinys buvo pakopiniu būdu papildomas lakiaisiais pelenaisi ir durpėmis. Iš visų mišinių padarytos ištraukos ir jose matuojamas elektrinis laidumas, oksidacijos-redukcijos potencialas, pH; atlikta elementinė analizė. Darbo rezultatai - efektyviausiai arseną stabilizuoja geležis. Stabilizacija, naudojant lakiuosius pelenus ir durpes, padidino arseno išsiplovimą iš dirvožemio, lyginant su kontroliniu dirvožemio mėginiu. Pakopinė stabilizacija nebuvo efektyvesnė už vienkartinę stabilizaciją nei arseno, nei kitų tirtų sunkiųjų metalų atžvilgiu.

<p>U radu je ispitana distribucija metala u sistemu sediment/voda na najugroženijim vodotocima u<br />AP Vojvodini. Na osnovu dobivenih podataka urađena je procena rizika na osnovu analize<br />porne vode, kiselog volatilnog sulfida i simultano ekstrahovanih metala i sekvencijalne<br />ekstrakcione procedure. Procena mobilnosti metala u sistemu sediment/voda određena je<br />promenom fizičko-hemijskih uslova u realnom sistemu (vodotok) i u laboratorijskim uslovima.<br />Ispitana je efikasnost in-situ (aeracijom sistema sediment/voda) i ex-situ remedijacije<br />sedimenta metodama termičkog tretmana i solidifikacije/stabilizacije.<br />Rezultati su ukazali da u svakom vodotoku i za&scaron;tićenoj zoni postoji lokacija u kojoj je sediment<br />barem po jednom metalu klasifikovan (holandski sistem klasifikacije sedimenata) kao zagađen<br />(klasa 3) ili izuzetno zagađen sediment (klasa 4). Generalno, kvalitet sedimenta manjih<br />vodotoka (Krivaja, Nadela, Kudo&scaron;, Veliki Bački kanal i Begej) je lo&scaron;iji u odnosu na ostale<br />ispitivane vodotoke.<br />Procena dostupnosti metala u sedimentu Velikog Bačkog kanala ukazala je da na svakom<br />ispitivanom profilu postoji minimum jedan metal i jedna metoda koja defini&scaron;e sediment kao<br />visoko rizičan. Takođe je zaključeno da je sediment na delu od 2+000 do 4+900 km zagađeniji,<br />jer postoji veći broj metala i metoda koji ga defini&scaron;u kao visoko rizičnim. Ovako dobijeni<br />rezultati ukazuju da nije dovoljan jednostavan i samo jedan pristup u oceni kvaliteta sedimenta<br />i proceni rizika koji metali mogu da ispolje u akvatičnom ekosistemu.<br />Ukazano je da pomeranje sedimenta (npr. otvaranja ustave), dovodi do promene fizičkohemijskih<br />uslova u sistemu sediment/voda, resuspenzije i transporta sedimenta. Usled ovih<br />promena povećava se dostupnost metala i dolazi do povećanja njihove koncentracije u vodenoj<br />fazi čime se znatno povećava rizik i mogućnost ispoljavanja negativnih efekata na akvatični<br />ekosistem.<br />U slučaju resuspenzije sedimenta u sistemu sediment/voda pronađena je zavisnost između<br />koncentracije metala u suspendovanim materijama i vodi od sadržaja određenih frakcija u<br />suspendovanim materijama (sadržaj organskih materija i frakcije do 63 &mu;m).<br />Remedijacione tehnike često su ekonomski neprihvatljive zbog velike zapremine zagađenog<br />sedimenta. Ukazano je da primena in-situ aeracije, omogućava smanjenje količine sedimenta<br />(čime se smanjuju tro&scaron;kovi eventualno naknadnog tretmana sedimenta), a da je tretman<br />solidifikacije/stabilizacije sedimenta sa glinom i termičke remedijacije zadovoljavjući sa<br />aspekta izluživanja metala. Dobijeni rezultati izvedenih testova izluživanja ukazali su na<br />moguću primenu ovih tretmana u pogledu re&scaron;avanja problema sedimenta koji je zagađen<br />metalima, bilo u pogledu sigurnog odlaganja na deponiju ili u smislu njegove upotrebe kao<br />dodatka pri proizvodnji građevinskog materijala (opeke), osnove za puteve, uređenje obale<br />(nasipa) itd. Na taj način mogu se znatno umanjiti tro&scaron;kovi izmuljivanja i manipulacije<br />kontaminiranog sedimenta, a sama remedijacija učiniti mnogo prihvatljivijom</p> / <p> This work investigates the distribution of metals in the sediment / water systems of the most<br /> endangered rivers in Vojvodina. Utilizing the data obtained, risk assessments are carried out<br /> based on analysis of pore water, acidic volatile sulphides and simultaneously extracted metals<br /> and sequential extraction procedure. The assessment of metal mobility in the sediment / water<br /> system is determined by the changing physical and chemical conditions in real systems<br /> (waterways) and under laboratory conditions. The effectiveness of in-situ (aeration of sediment<br /> / water) and ex-situ remediation of sediment by thermal treatment methods and solidification /<br /> stabilization are investigated.<br /> The results show that in each waterbody and protected area, certain locations have sediment<br /> which for at least one metal, is classified (by the Dutch system of sediment classification ) as<br /> polluted (class 3) or highly polluted (class 4). In general, the quality of sediment in smaller<br /> rivers (Krivaja, Nadela, Kudo&scaron;, Veliki Bački canal and Begej) is inferior to the other rivers<br /> studied.<br /> Assessment of the metals availability in the sediments of the Veliki Bački canal indicates that<br /> in each profile examined, at least one metal and one method defines the sediment as very<br /> hazardous. It is also shown that the sediment at the section from 2 +000 to 4 +900 km is the<br /> most polluted, with a number of metals and methods that define it as a high risk. The results<br /> indicate that it is inadequate to have a simple singular approach to sediment quality assessment<br /> and the assessment of the risks posed by metals detected in aquatic ecosystems.<br /> This work shows that sediment movement (e.g. from opening a sluice gate) leads to changes in<br /> the physical-chemical conditions of the sediment / water system, with resuspension and<br /> sediment transport. These changes increase metals availability and increase their<br /> concentrations in the aqueous phase, significantly increasing the posed risk and the possibility<br /> of adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems.<br /> In the case of sediment resuspension in the sediment / water system, a relationship was found<br /> between the concentration of metals in suspended matter and the concentration in the water for<br /> certain fractions of suspended matter (organic matter content and the fraction up to 63 &mu;m).<br /> Remediation techniques are often not economically viable due to the large volume of<br /> contaminated sediments involved. It is shown that the implementation of in-situ aeration<br /> reduces the amount of sediment (which reduces the costs of subsequent sediment treatment),<br /> and that solidification / stabilization treatment with clay and thermal remediation results in<br /> satisfactory remediation with respect to metals leaching. Leaching test results show the<br /> potential of these treatments to solve the problem of sediments which are contaminated with<br /> metals, either in terms of safe disposal in landfill or in terms of its use as a supplement in the<br /> production of building materials (brick), as road foundation, or for river bank reinforcement<br /> (dams), etc.. Thus, the costs of dredging and manipulating contaminated sediments can be<br /> significantly reduced, making remediation itself much more applicable.</p>

<p>Predmet izučavanja ove disertacije je ispitivanje mogućnosti imobilizacije&nbsp;toksičnih metala u sedimentu primenom imobilizacione tehnike&nbsp;solidifikacije/stabilizacije portland cementom, kalcijum-oksidom, prirodnim zeolitom,&nbsp;letećim pepelom, kaolinitom, montmorilonitom, i različitim sme&scaron;ama ovih agenasa&nbsp;kao i određivanje njihove efikasnosti u zavisnosti od brojnih faktora. Efikasnost&nbsp;imobilizacionih postupaka praćena je kori&scaron;ćenjem tzv. testova izluživanja, odnosno&nbsp;određivanjem koncentracije metala koji su u toku određenog vremena iz imobilisane&nbsp;faze pre&scaron;li u mobilnu fazu gde se smatraju potencijalno opasnim i biodostupnim.&nbsp;Krajnji cilj svakog testa izluživanja je mogućnost procene adekvatnosti primene&nbsp;određene imobilizacione, odnosno remedijacione tehnike. Efikasnost imobilizacionih&nbsp;postupaka zavisi i od određenih osobina: pH rastvora, dodatka imobilizacionog agensa&nbsp;&scaron;to je istraživanjem ispitano. Na osnovu ovog testa, odnosno &nbsp; odnosa kumulativne&nbsp;frakcije metala koja je oslobođena iz imobilizacione sme&scaron;e u mobilnu fazu i vremena&nbsp;određen je tip mehanizma koji omogućava transport metala &nbsp;(spiranje, difuzija,&nbsp;rastvaranje). Takođe su određeni i i parametri (koeficijenti difuzije, indeksi&nbsp;izlužljivosti) koji&nbsp; će poslužiti za ocenu efikasnosti prethodno primenjenih&nbsp;imobilizacionih tehnika. Primenjeni su i modifikovani testovi izluživanja sa ciljem &scaron;to&nbsp;bolje simulacije realnih uslova. U modifikovanim testovima izluživanja kori&scaron;ćen je&nbsp;rastvor sa pH 3,25 da bi se simulirali uslovi koji opona&scaron;aju kisele ki&scaron;e, odnosno uslovi&nbsp;u realnom sistemu. Takođe je kor&scaron;ćen i rastvor huminskih materija sa ciljem&nbsp;simulacije uslova velikog organskog opterećenja do kojeg bi moglo doći u slučaju&nbsp;akcidentnih situacija (na primer poplava) i generalno uslova koji se stvaraju u &nbsp;prirodi&nbsp;pri raspadanju organskog materijala (li&scaron;će, trava, itd.). Rezultati dobijeni simulacijom&nbsp;ovih uslova će dalje omogućiti modelovanje pona&scaron;anja metala u smislu dugoročnog&nbsp;&quot;izluživanja&quot; iz tretiranog sedimenta kao i procenu najefikasnijih agenasa &nbsp; za&nbsp;imobilizaciju različitih metala u sedimentu. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, zaključeno&nbsp;je da su optimalni agensi za imobilizaciju metala u sedimentu sme&scaron;a cementa i kreča&nbsp;(5% cementa i 10% kreča), sme&scaron;a montmorilonita i kreča (30% montmorilonita i 10%&nbsp;kreča), leteći pepeo (30%) i zeolit (30%). U ovim sme&scaron;ama dominantan mehanizam&nbsp;izluživanja je difuzija, a ove sme&scaron;e se mogu smatrati inertnim otpadom po svim&nbsp;ispitivanim kriterijumima. Ovi rezultati se mogu upotrebiti za projektovanje i&nbsp;izgradnju pilot postrojenja na kome bi se ispitala efikasnost ovih agenasa za&nbsp;remedijaciju sedimenta u realnim uslovima. Dobijeni podaci su neprocenjivi sa&nbsp;aspekta ekonomski i ekolo&scaron;ki prihvatljivog upravljanja sedimentom.</p> / <p>This work is concerned with exploring the possibilities of immobilization of toxic&nbsp;metals in sediments using solidification/stabilization as imobilization technique and&nbsp;using Portland cement, calcium oxide, natural zeolite, flying ash, kaolinite, montmorilonite, and various mixtures of these agents and determine their&nbsp;effectiveness depending on many factors. Performance of imobilization procedures&nbsp;was followed by the use of so-called leaching tests and determination of the metals&nbsp;concentration that are within a specified interval of time leached from the immobile phase and as such can be considered potentially hazardous and bioavailable. The ultimate goal of every leaching test is to assess the adequacy of the possibility of applying certain imobilization or remediation technique. Performance of imobilizaction procedures depends on certain characteristics: pH of solution, additon of imobilization agent, etc. Based on this test, ie relation between the cumulative fraction of metal leached from imobilization mixture and time, the type of leaching mechanism that allows the transport of metals (wash-off, diffusion, dissolution) was determined. Other parameters which will serve for evaluating the efficiency of the previously applied imobilization techniques (diffusion coefficients, leaching indices) were also determined. Modified leaching tests were applied with the aim of better simulation of real conditions on the field. In the modified leaching tests the solution with pH 3.25 was used to simulate conditions that mimic acid rain and conditions in the real system. The humic acid solution was also used with the aim to simulate high organic loads which could occur in the case accident situation (eg floods) and the general conditions that are created in naturewhen decaying organic material (leaves, grass, etc.). The results obtained by simulating these conditions will enable the modeling of behavior of metals in terms of long-term leaching period from the treated sediment and assess the most effective agents for the immobilization of various metals in the sediments. Based on these results, it was concluded that the optimal agents for immobilization of metals in the sediment mixture of cement and lime (5% cement and 10% lime), a mixture montmorilonite and&nbsp; lime (30% montmorilonite and 10% lime), fly ash (30%) and zeolite (30%). In these mixtures dominant leaching mechanism is diffusion, and these mixtures can be considered as inert waste by all tested criteria. These results can be used to design and builda pilot plant in which order to evaluate the effectiveness of these agents for remediation of sediment in real &nbsp;terms. The obtained data are invaluable from the aspect of economic and ecologically acceptable management of sediment.</p>

<p>Predmet istraživanja ove disertacije je mogućnost kori&scaron;ćenja nano nula<br />valentnog gvožđa stabilizovanog sa bentonitom, kaolinitom i karboksimetil<br />celulozom za imobilizaciju te&scaron;kih metala, kao i pona&scaron;anje i sudbina metala u<br />sedimentu. Istraživanja je usmero u dva pravca: prvi deo istraživanja ima za cilj,<br />pre svega da defini&scaron;e bolje razumevanje pona&scaron;anja metala u sedimentu i<br />određivanje njihove potencijalne mobilnost, biodostupnost i potencijalne<br />toksičnost na osnovu metoda sekvencijalne ekstrakcione procedure, kiselo<br />volatilnog sulfida i simultano ekstrahovanih metalau netretiranim i tretiranim<br />uzorcima sedimenta. Takođe, određena je efikasnosti kori&scaron;ćenja nanomaterijala<br />za imobilizaciju metala u sedimentu iz tretiranih sme&scaron;a kori&scaron;ćenjem tzv. testova<br />&bdquo;izluživanja&ldquo; kao i definisanje dominantnog mehanizma izluživanja koji<br />omogućava transport metala. Drugi deo istraživanja&nbsp; ima za cilj ispitivanje<br />mogućnosti primene nano nula valentnog gvožđa obloženog sa bentonitom,<br />kaolinitom i karboksimetilcelulozom za tretman zagađenog sedimenta na lokaciji<br />(in-situ), uz određivanje potencijalnog rizika po okolinu na osnovu rezultata<br />sekvencijlane ekstrakcione procedure i ekstrakcija&nbsp; u jednom koraku nakon<br />tretmana. Primenjeni su i modifikovani testovi izluživanja sa ciljem &scaron;to bolje<br />simulacije realnih uslova. Rezultati dobijeni simulacijom ovih uslova i daljom<br />karakterizacijom sme&scaron;a, kako sa nanomaterijalom tako i sme&scaron;a sa glinom,<br />omogućuju izradu modela pona&scaron;anja metala u smislu dugoročnog &quot;izluživanja&quot; iz<br />tretiranog (stabilizovanog) sedimenta kao i procenukoji materijali su efikasniji<br />za imobilizaciju toksičnih metala u sedimentu.</p> / <p>This thesis explores the possibility of using nano&nbsp; zero valent iron stabilized with<br />bentonite, kaolinite, and carboxymethyl cellulose for the immobilization of heavy<br />metals, as well as the behaviour and fate of metalsin sediments. Research is focused<br />in two directions: the first part of the study aimsto find a better understanding of the<br />behaviour of metals in sediments and to determine their potential mobility,<br />bioavailability and potential toxicity based on sequential extraction procedures and<br />acid volatile sulphides and simultaneously extracted metals methods, in untreated and<br />treated sediment samples. The efficacy of using nanomaterials for the immobilization<br />of metals in sediments is also determined, by applying &quot;leaching&quot; tests to the treated<br />mixtures and defining the dominant leaching mechanism that enables the transport of<br />metals. The second part of the study aims to examine the possibilities of applying<br />nano zero valent iron coated with bentonite, kaolinite and carboxymethyl cellulose for<br />the treatment of contaminated sediment in-situ, to&nbsp; determine the potential risk posed<br />to the environment after treatment, based on the results of sequential extraction<br />procedures and a single step extraction. Modified leaching tests were applied in order<br />to achieve better simulation of real conditions. The results of simulating these<br />conditions and further characterization of mixtureswith both nanomaterials and clay,<br />provide a long term &quot;leaching&quot; model for the behaviour of metals in the treated<br />(stabilized) sediments, as well as assessing which&nbsp; materials are most effective for the<br />immobilization of toxic metals in sediments.</p>

<p>Predmet&nbsp; izučavanja&nbsp; ove&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; bio&nbsp; je&nbsp; ispitivanje&nbsp; mogućnosti&nbsp; kori&scaron;ćenja&nbsp; piritne&nbsp;izgoretine&nbsp; u&nbsp; tretmanu&nbsp; otpadnih&nbsp; voda&nbsp; tekstilne&nbsp; industrije&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; dalji&nbsp; tretman&nbsp; mulja&nbsp; nastalog&nbsp;nakon ovog procesa. Naime, nakon iskori&scaron;ćenja ovog otpada &nbsp;u Fenton procesima, iskori&scaron;ćena&nbsp;piritna izgoretina u najvećem procentu čini mulj koji zaostaje nakon tretmana. Kako se piritna&nbsp;ruda jo&scaron; u procesu proizvodnje sumporne kiseline&nbsp; koristi nepreči&scaron;ćena, zaostali&nbsp; mulj koji je&nbsp;potencijalno&nbsp; toksičan&nbsp; i&nbsp; ne&nbsp; može&nbsp; se&nbsp; direktno&nbsp; odlagati&nbsp; bez&nbsp; prethodnog&nbsp; tretmana.&nbsp; Stoga,&nbsp;primenjena&nbsp; je&nbsp; tehnika&nbsp; stabilizacija&nbsp; i&nbsp; solidifikacija&nbsp; (S/S)&nbsp; uz&nbsp; kori&scaron;ćenje&nbsp; portland&nbsp; cementa,&nbsp;kalcijum-oksida, prirodnog zeolita, letećeg pepela, kaolinita,&nbsp; bentonita i&nbsp; autohtone&nbsp; gline &nbsp;za&nbsp;imobilizaciju metala. Istraživanja u ovoj disertaciji vr&scaron;ena su u dve faze. Prva faza imala je za&nbsp;cilj&nbsp; optimizaciju&nbsp; operativnih&nbsp; uslova&nbsp; Fenton&nbsp; tretmana&nbsp; pri&nbsp; kojima&nbsp; se&nbsp; postiže&nbsp; najvi&scaron;i&nbsp; stepen&nbsp;obezbojavanja&nbsp; i&nbsp; mineralizacije&nbsp; ispitivanih&nbsp; efluenata.&nbsp; Takođe&nbsp; ispitivanje&nbsp; je&nbsp; uključilo&nbsp; i&nbsp;karakterizaciju nastalih efluenata kako bi se procenila efikasnost primenjenog, i mogućnost&nbsp;daljeg&nbsp; tretmana.&nbsp; Druga&nbsp; faza&nbsp; uključivala&nbsp; je&nbsp; karakterizaciju&nbsp; nastalog&nbsp; mulja&nbsp; nakon&nbsp; tretmana&nbsp;obojenih&nbsp; efluenata&nbsp; i&nbsp; njegov&nbsp; tretman&nbsp; solidifikacijom&nbsp; i&nbsp; stabilizacijom.&nbsp; Vr&scaron;eno&nbsp; je&nbsp; određivanje&nbsp;efikasnosti&nbsp; primenjenih&nbsp; imobilizacionih&nbsp; agenasa&nbsp; u&nbsp; S/S tretmanu&nbsp; i&nbsp; dominantnog&nbsp; mehanizma&nbsp;<br />izluživanja&nbsp; metala&nbsp; koji&nbsp; opisuju&nbsp; njihov&nbsp; transport&nbsp; iz&nbsp; dobijenih&nbsp; solidifikata.&nbsp; Primenjeni&nbsp; su&nbsp; i&nbsp;modifikovani&nbsp; testovi&nbsp; izluživanja&nbsp; sa&nbsp; ciljem&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; bolje&nbsp; simulacije&nbsp; realnih&nbsp; uslova.&nbsp; Rezultati&nbsp;dobijeni&nbsp; simulacijom&nbsp; uslova&nbsp; će&nbsp; dalje&nbsp; omogućiti&nbsp; modelovanje&nbsp; pona&scaron;anja&nbsp; metala&nbsp; u&nbsp; smislu&nbsp;dugoročnog&nbsp; &quot;izluživanja&quot;&nbsp; iz&nbsp; tretiranog&nbsp; otpada&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; procenu&nbsp; najefikasnijih&nbsp; agenasa&nbsp; za&nbsp;imobilizaciju različitih metala u ovom tipu otpada. TakoĎe primenjeni su testovi izluživanja&nbsp;sa jednom ekstrakcijom kako bi se osiguralo&nbsp; slaganje rezultata sa maksimalno dozvoljenim&nbsp;koncentracijama&nbsp; aktuelnih&nbsp; pravilnika.&nbsp; Na&nbsp; osnovu&nbsp; dobijenih&nbsp; rezultata&nbsp; zaključeno&nbsp; je&nbsp; da&nbsp; se&nbsp;piritna izgoretina može uspe&scaron;no koristiti kao izvor katalitičkog gvožđa u Fenton tretmanima&nbsp;obojenih&nbsp; efluenata&nbsp; i&nbsp; može&nbsp; se&nbsp; smatrati&nbsp; efektivnom&nbsp; metodom &nbsp; predtretmana&nbsp; za&nbsp;nebiodegradabilne&nbsp; otpadne&nbsp; vode,&nbsp; čineći&nbsp; ih&nbsp; pogodnijim&nbsp; za&nbsp; konvencionalni&nbsp; biolo&scaron;ki&nbsp; tretman.&nbsp;Takođe&nbsp; u&nbsp; drugoj&nbsp; fazi&nbsp; istraživanja,&nbsp; na&nbsp; osnovu&nbsp; dobijenih&nbsp; rezultata,&nbsp; zaključeno&nbsp; je&nbsp; da&nbsp; je&nbsp; mulj&nbsp;tertian&nbsp; sa&nbsp; navedenim&nbsp; imobilizacionim&nbsp; agensima&nbsp; uspe&scaron;no&nbsp; solidifikovan&nbsp; i&nbsp; stabilizovan&nbsp;materijal.&nbsp; Optimalane&nbsp; su&nbsp; sme&scaron;e&nbsp; koje&nbsp; kao&nbsp; jedan&nbsp; od&nbsp; imobilizacionih&nbsp; agenasa&nbsp; sadrže&nbsp; leteći&nbsp;<br />pepeo, prevashodno u kombinaciji sa cementom i krečom. Dobijeni podaci su &nbsp;neprocenjivi sa&nbsp;aspekta ekonomski i ekolo&scaron;ki prihvatljivog upravljanja opasnim industrijskim otpadom.&nbsp;</p> / <p>This work is concerned with exploring the possibility of using pyrite cinders in the treatment&nbsp;of&nbsp; textile&nbsp; industry&nbsp; effluents&nbsp; and&nbsp; further&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; of&nbsp; sludge&nbsp; generated&nbsp; after&nbsp; this&nbsp; process.&nbsp;Namely,&nbsp; after&nbsp; the&nbsp; utilization&nbsp; of&nbsp; this&nbsp; waste&nbsp; in&nbsp; Fenton&nbsp; processes&nbsp; slag&nbsp; that&nbsp; remains&nbsp; after&nbsp;treatment is mostly composed of used pyrite cinder. As the pyrite ore, in the production of&nbsp;sulfuric&nbsp; acid,&nbsp; is&nbsp; used&nbsp; untreated,&nbsp; sludge&nbsp; that&nbsp; remains&nbsp; is&nbsp; potentially&nbsp; toxic&nbsp; and&nbsp; cannot&nbsp; be&nbsp;disposed&nbsp; directly&nbsp; without&nbsp; treatment.&nbsp; Therefore,&nbsp; the&nbsp; stabilization&nbsp; and&nbsp; solidification&nbsp; (S/S)&nbsp;technique&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; usage&nbsp; of&nbsp; portland&nbsp; cement,&nbsp; calcium&nbsp; oxide,&nbsp; zeolite,&nbsp; fly&nbsp; ash,&nbsp; kaolinite,&nbsp;bentonite and native clay was used for metal immobilization. The research in this dissertation&nbsp;was carried out in two phases. The first phase aimed to optimize the operational conditions of&nbsp;Fenton&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; in&nbsp; which&nbsp; the&nbsp; highest&nbsp; degree&nbsp; of&nbsp; decolourization&nbsp; and&nbsp; mineralization&nbsp; was&nbsp;achieved in tested effluents. Also the research has included the characterization of generated&nbsp;effluents in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment applied, and the possibility of&nbsp;further&nbsp; treatment.&nbsp; The&nbsp; second&nbsp; phase&nbsp; involved&nbsp; the&nbsp; characterization&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; generated&nbsp; sludge&nbsp;after the treatment of effluents that contained dyes and its treatment with solidification and&nbsp;stabilization technique.&nbsp; The determination of used immobilization agents effectiveness was&nbsp;Conducted&nbsp; to&nbsp; determine&nbsp; the&nbsp; efficacy&nbsp; of&nbsp; immobilization&nbsp; agents&nbsp; in&nbsp; S&nbsp; /&nbsp; S&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp;dominant&nbsp; mechanism&nbsp; of&nbsp; leaching&nbsp; of&nbsp; metals&nbsp; that&nbsp; describe&nbsp; their&nbsp; transport&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; received&nbsp;solidificate . Were applied and modified leaching tests with the aim of better simulation of&nbsp;real&nbsp; conditions.&nbsp; The&nbsp; results&nbsp; obtained&nbsp; by&nbsp; condition&nbsp; simulation&nbsp; will&nbsp; enable&nbsp; the&nbsp; modeling&nbsp; of&nbsp;behavior of metals in terms of long-term leaching period from the treated sludge and assess&nbsp;the most effective agents for the immobilization of various metals in this type of waste. Also,&nbsp;single-extraction leaching tests were applied to ensure the accordance of obtained results &nbsp;with&nbsp;the maximum permissible concentrations of current regulations. Based on these results, it was&nbsp;concluded&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; pyrite&nbsp; cinders&nbsp; can&nbsp; be&nbsp; successfully&nbsp; used&nbsp; as&nbsp; a&nbsp; source&nbsp; of&nbsp; catalytic&nbsp; iron&nbsp; in&nbsp;Fenton&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; of&nbsp; effluents&nbsp; containing&nbsp; dyes,&nbsp; and&nbsp; can&nbsp; be&nbsp; considered&nbsp; an&nbsp; effective&nbsp;pretreatment&nbsp; method&nbsp; for&nbsp; non-biodegradable&nbsp; waste&nbsp; waters,&nbsp; making&nbsp; them&nbsp; amenable&nbsp; to&nbsp;conventional biological treatment. Also in the second phase, based on the results obtained, it&nbsp;was concluded that the sludge treated with&nbsp; aforementioned&nbsp; immobilization agents represents&nbsp;a successfully solidified and stabilized material. The optimal mixtures are those that contain&nbsp;fly ash as one of the used immobilization agents, primarily in combination with cement and&nbsp;lime.&nbsp; The&nbsp; obtained&nbsp; data&nbsp; are&nbsp; invaluable&nbsp; in&nbsp; terms&nbsp; of&nbsp; economic&nbsp; and&nbsp; environmentally&nbsp; sound&nbsp;management of hazardous industrial waste.</p>

<p>Predmet izučavanja ove disertacije obuhvatio je ispitivanje uticaja starenja stabilizovanog/solidifikovanog&nbsp; (S/S)&nbsp; sedimenta&nbsp; zagađenog te&scaron;kim metalima i arsenom, i efikasnost primenjenih imobilizacionih agenasa (Portland cement, kreč, leteći pepeo, zeolit, montmorilonit i kaolinit) nakon dugogodi&scaron;njeg starenja S/S sme&scaron;a. Shodno tome ispitana je dugoročna stabilnost i postojanost dobijenih S/S sme&scaron;a sa aspekta izluživanja pomenutih metala, promene u minerolo&scaron;kim i strukturnim karakteristikama, kao i uticaj su&scaron;enja i zrenja materijala na pomenute parametre. Istraživanja u disertaciji obuhvatila su dve faze. Prva faza imala je za cilj procenu rizika i&nbsp; početnu karakterizaciju netretiranog sedimenta primenom analize pseudo-ukupnog sadržaja metala kojom je utvrđen sadržaj metala u početnom uzorku sedimenta. Druga faza uključivala je primenu tretmana stabilizacije i solidifikacije na kontaminirani sediment dodavanjem različitih imobilizacionih agenasa. Analize su se vr&scaron;ile nakon 7 i 28 dana od primenjenog S/S tretmana, kao i nakon 7 godina sa ciljem da se utvrdi uticaj vi&scaron;egodi&scaron;njeg starenja i zrenja monolitnih sme&scaron;a na mobilnost metala i strukturne karakteristike sme&scaron;a. U&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; druge faze istraživanja ispitana je toksičnost S/S sme&scaron;a primenom DIN i TCLP testova izluživanja, dok je test toksičnosti primenom bakterija Vibrio Fischeri&nbsp; doprineo u&nbsp; sagledavanju&nbsp; procene rizika S/S sme&scaron;a po organizme. Nakon 28 dana i 7 godina kori&scaron;ćena je sekvencijalna ekstrakcija za&nbsp; određivanje mobilnost i biodostupnost metala u monolitnim matriksima. U cilju&nbsp; utvrđivanja mikrostukturnih karakteristika sedimenta primenjena je rendgenska difrakciona analiza (XRD) za ispitivanje kristalnih struktura&nbsp; S/S sme&scaron;a i detekciju mineralnog sastava. Pomoću elektronskog mikroskopa i energodisperzivnog detektora&nbsp; sa X-zrakom (SEM/EDS) određena je kvalitativna i kvantitativna distribucija metala i&nbsp; drugih elemenata od interesa, dok se za identifikaciju formiranih funkcionalnih grupa u monolitnim sme&scaron;ama primenio spektrometar sa infracrvenom Furijeovom transformacijom (FTIR). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata zaključeno je da se mobilnost te&scaron;kih metala i arsena značajno smanjila nakon 7 godina za sme&scaron;e tretirane cementom (C5), krečom (L10), letećim pepelom (F30) i kaolinitom&nbsp; (K20), a efekat stabilizacije je pokazan transformacijom metala iz direktne toksične frakcije u&nbsp; stabilnije oblike. Sme&scaron;e C5 i K20 ispoljavaju&nbsp; najmanje toksične efekate od svih sme&scaron;a, jer je procenat inhibicije&nbsp; na&nbsp; bioluminiscentnim&nbsp; bakterijama manji od 13%, dok je u pogledu izdržljivosti monolitna sme&scaron;a C5 pokazala najveću pritisnu čvrstoću od svih sme&scaron;a. Dobijeni podaci su neprocenjivi za dobijanje stvarnog uvida u dugoročnu efikasnost&nbsp; primenjenog&nbsp; tretmana i mogućnost bezbedne upotrebe ili odlaganja dobijenih S/S sme&scaron;a sa aspekta za&scaron;tite životne sredine, kao i ekonomski i ekolo&scaron;ki prihvatljivog upravljanja opasnim otpadom.</p> / <p>The subject of study in this dissertation included to investigate the&nbsp; effect&nbsp; of&nbsp; aging&nbsp; of&nbsp; stabilized/solidified&nbsp; (S/S)&nbsp; sediment&nbsp; contaminated with&nbsp; heavy&nbsp; metals&nbsp; and&nbsp; arsenic,&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; efficacy&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; applied immobilization&nbsp; agent&nbsp; (Portland&nbsp; cement,&nbsp; lime,&nbsp; fly&nbsp; ash,&nbsp; zeolite, montmorillonite and kaolinite) after long-term aging of S/S mixtures. The<br />long&nbsp; -&nbsp; term stability and stability of the obtained S/S mixtures from the aspect of leaching of the mentioned metals, changes in mineralogical and structural characteristics,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; influence&nbsp; of&nbsp; drying&nbsp; and maturation of the material on the mentioned parameters were examined. The&nbsp; research&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; dissertation&nbsp; included&nbsp; two&nbsp; phases.&nbsp; The&nbsp; first&nbsp; phase aimed&nbsp; at&nbsp; risk&nbsp; assessment&nbsp; and&nbsp; initial characterization&nbsp; of&nbsp; untreated sediment using pseudo-total metal content analysis which determined the<br />metal content in the initial sediment sample.&nbsp; The second phase involved applying&nbsp; stabilization&nbsp; and&nbsp; solidification&nbsp; treatments&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; contaminated sediment&nbsp; by&nbsp; adding&nbsp; various&nbsp; immobilizing&nbsp; agents.&nbsp; The&nbsp; analyzes&nbsp; were performed after 7 and 28&nbsp; days from the applied S/S treatment, as well as after 7 years in order to determine the influence of perennial aging and maturation&nbsp; of&nbsp; monolithic&nbsp; mixtures&nbsp; on&nbsp; metal&nbsp; mobility&nbsp; and&nbsp; structural characteristics&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; mixtures.&nbsp; In&nbsp; the&nbsp; second&nbsp; phase&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; study,&nbsp; the toxicity&nbsp; of&nbsp; S/S&nbsp; mixtures&nbsp; using&nbsp; DIN&nbsp; and&nbsp; TCLP&nbsp; leaching&nbsp; tests&nbsp; was examined, while&nbsp; the&nbsp; toxicity&nbsp; test&nbsp; using&nbsp; bacteria&nbsp; Vibrio&nbsp; Fischeri contributed&nbsp; to&nbsp; the assessment&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; risk&nbsp; of&nbsp; S/S&nbsp; mixtures&nbsp; to&nbsp; organisms. After&nbsp; 28 days&nbsp; and&nbsp; 7 years,&nbsp; sequential extraction was&nbsp; used to&nbsp; determine the mobility and bioavailability of metals in monolithic matrices. In order to&nbsp; determine&nbsp; the&nbsp; microstructural&nbsp; characteristics&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; sediment,&nbsp; x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to examine the crystal structures of&nbsp; S/S mixtures and&nbsp; to detect the mineral composition.&nbsp; The qualitative and quantitative&nbsp; distribution&nbsp; of&nbsp; metals&nbsp; and&nbsp; other&nbsp; elements&nbsp; of&nbsp; interest&nbsp; was determined using an electron microscope and an energy-dispersive X-ray detector&nbsp; (SEM&nbsp; /&nbsp; EDS),&nbsp; while&nbsp; an&nbsp; infrared&nbsp; Fourier&nbsp; transform spectrometer(FTIR) was used to identify the formed functional groups in monolithic mixtures. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the mobility of heavy metals and arsenic decreased significantly after 7 years&nbsp; for&nbsp; mixtures&nbsp; treated&nbsp; with&nbsp; cement&nbsp; (C5),&nbsp; lime&nbsp; (L10),&nbsp; fly ash&nbsp; (F30) and&nbsp; kaolinite&nbsp; (K20),&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; stabilization&nbsp; effect&nbsp; was&nbsp; shown&nbsp; by transformation&nbsp; of&nbsp; metals&nbsp; from&nbsp; direct&nbsp; toxic&nbsp; fractions&nbsp; into&nbsp; more&nbsp; stable forms. Mixtures&nbsp; C5&nbsp; and&nbsp; K20&nbsp; exhibit&nbsp; the&nbsp; least&nbsp; toxic&nbsp; effects&nbsp; of&nbsp; all mixtures, because the percentage of inhibition on bioluminescent bacteria is less than 13%, while in terms of durability, the monolithic mixture C5 showed&nbsp; the&nbsp; highest&nbsp; compressive&nbsp; strength&nbsp; of&nbsp; all&nbsp; mixtures.&nbsp; The&nbsp; obtained data are invaluable for gaining real insight into the long-term efficiency of the applied treatment and the possibility of safe use&nbsp; or disposal of the obtained&nbsp; S/S&nbsp; mixtures&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; aspect&nbsp; of&nbsp; environmental&nbsp; protection,&nbsp; as well&nbsp; as&nbsp; economically&nbsp; and&nbsp; ecologically&nbsp; acceptable&nbsp; hazardous&nbsp; waste management.</p>

<p>U disertaciji su prikazani rezultati sopstvenog eksperimentalnog istraživanja<br />izvr&scaron;enog na uzorcima pripremljenim sa različitim uče&scaron;ćem struganog asfalta (RAP)<br />i dodatnog - &quot;novog&quot; drobljenog kamenog agregata. Variranjem uče&scaron;ća struganog<br />asfalta i dodatnog drobljenog kamenog agregata i variranjem uče&scaron;ća oba veziva<br />omogućeno je praćenje uticaja sastava na mehaničke karakteristike me&scaron;avine.<br />Uticaj vrste i količine upotrebljenog veziva na mehaničke karakteristike nosećeg<br />sloja kolovoza sagledano je kroz variranje sadržaja cementa i bitumenske emulzije.<br />Predmet istraživanja je definisanje međusobne zavisnosti odnosno korelacije,<br />određenih mehaničkih karakteristika me&scaron;avine u funkciji vrste i količine<br />komponentnih materijala i veziva i ocena njihovih fundamentalnih mehaničkih<br />karakteristika.</p> / <p>In dissertation are resented results of own experimental research on<br />samples that have been prepared with different amount of reclaimed<br />asphalt (RAP) and the additional - &quot;new&quot; crushed stone aggregate. By<br />varying participation of reclaimed asphalt and additional crushed stone<br />and varying participation of both binders monitoring of the impact of the<br />composition on the mechanical properties of the mixture was enabled.<br />The influence of type and amount of binder on the mechanical properties<br />of the pavement base layer is seen through variation in the content of<br />cement and bitumen emulsion. The subject of the research is to define the<br />mutual dependence and correlation of certain mechanical characteristics<br />of the mixture as a function of the types and quantities of component<br />materials and binders and evaluation of their fundamental mechanical<br />properties.</p>

<p>Predmet doktorske disertacije je uklanjanje neorganskih i organskih polutanata iz efluenata ofset tehnike štampe (otpadnog razvijača i otpadnog sredstva za vlaženje) u cilju minimiziranja njihovog štetnog uticaja na životnu sredinu. Uklanjanje polutanata sprovedeno je primenom elektrokoagulaciono/ flotacionog (EKF) tetmana, adsorpcionog (AD) tretmana i kombinacijom navedenih tretmana. Izvodljivost i efikasnost tretmana analizirana je ispitivanjem uticaja karakterističnih operativnih promenljivih u okviru procesa na smanjivanje količine polutanata. Mehanizmi EKF i AD tretmana definisani su na osnovu teorijskih matematičko kinetičkih modela. Za rešavanje problema odlaganja mulja nastalog nakon EKF tretmana primenjen je solidifikaciono/stabiliza-cioni tretman sa odgovarajućim imobilizacionim agensima. Razvijen je efikasan model kombinacije tretmana efluenata grafičkih procesa ofset štampe kojim je omogućena konverzija efluenata u proizvode kompatibilne sa principima i normativima životne sredine.</p> / <p>The topic of this doctoral dissertation is the removal of inorganic and organic pollutants from the offset printing effluents (waste developer and waste fountain solution) in order to minimize their damaging influence onto the environment. The removal of the pollutants has been performed by electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) treatment, adsorption (AD) treatment and the combination of the two said treatments. Feasibility and efficacy of the treatments has been analyzed by investigating the effect of characteristic operational variables within the process on the decrease in the quantity of pollutants. The mechanisms of ECF and AD treatments have been defined on the basis of theoretical mathematical-kinetic models. For the solution of the problem of sludge disposal, originating from the ECF treatment, a solidification/stabilization treatment with immobilization agents has been applied. An efficient model that combines the offset printing effluent treatments has been developed, the one which enables the conversion of effluents into products compatible with environmental principles and norms.</p>

<p>Predmet izučavanja ove disertacije je ispitivanje mogućnosti&nbsp; primene stabilisanog nano Fe(0)&nbsp; i &bdquo;zelenom&ldquo; sintezom produkovanog nano&nbsp; Fe(0)&nbsp; u uklanjanju Cr(VI), Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) i As(III)&nbsp; iz vode.&nbsp; Sinteza nano Fe(0) za stabilizaciju izvr&scaron;ena je konvencionalnom metodom&nbsp; redukcije gvožđa sa natrijum borhidridom&nbsp; u prisustvu materijala za stabilizaciju: kaolinita,&nbsp; bentonita i karboksimetil celuloze. Za &bdquo;zelenu&rdquo; sintezu nano Fe(0) kori&scaron;ćeno je li&scaron;će drveća: hrasta, duda i vi&scaron;nje.&nbsp; Karakterizacija&nbsp; dobijenih nanomaterijala izvr&scaron;ena je transmisionom i skenirajućom elektronskom mikroskopijom. Rezultati karakterizacije su pokazali da se tokom sinteze nano Fe(0) natrijum borhidridom i stabilizacije kaolinitom, bentonitom i karboksimetil celulozom, formiraju nano čestice Fe(0) veličine 20 do 90 nm, dok su veličine čestica nano Fe(0) sintetisanih &bdquo;zelenom&ldquo; metodom iznosile 10-30 nm i okarakterisane su kao nano čestice sfernog oblika, različitih veličina bez značajane aglomeracije.&nbsp; Primena nano&nbsp;Fe(0) na efikasnost&nbsp; uklanjanja metala iz vode ispitivana je pri različitim uslovima:&nbsp; uticaju doze nanomaterijala, početne koncentracije&nbsp; metala, pH vrednosti rastvora i kontaktnog vremena.&nbsp; Dobijeni rezultati prilikom ispitivanja uticaja&nbsp; doze nanomaterijala&nbsp; na efikasnosti uklanjanja odabranih metala iz vode primenom stabilisanih i &bdquo;zelenih&ldquo; nanomaterijala&nbsp; pokazali&nbsp; su&nbsp; da se povećanjem doze nanomaterijala&nbsp; povećava efikasnost uklanjanja.&nbsp; Prilikom primene stabilisanih nanomaterijala, koncentracije 14.00 gFe(0)/l,&nbsp; postignute&nbsp; su visoke efikasnosti uklanjanja, već pri dozama od&nbsp; 2 ml, dok je efikasnost uklanjanja primenom&nbsp; &bdquo;zelenih&ldquo; nanomaterijala koncentracije 1,395 gFe(0)/l bila niža. Prilikom ispitivanja uticaja pH vrednosti na uklanjanje metala iz vode primenom ispitivanih nanomaterijala, određeni &nbsp;su optimalni opsezi pH vrednosti pri kojima se postiže najveća adsorpcija metala&nbsp; na ispitivanim nanomaterijalima.&nbsp; Veza između metala&nbsp; i&nbsp; ispitivanih nanomaterijala obja&scaron;njena je modelovanjem Langmuir-ove i Freunlich-ove&nbsp; adsorpcione izoterme. Veće adsorpcione kapacitete prilikom adsorpcije svih ispitivanih metala pokazali su nanomaterijali produkovani &bdquo;zelenom&ldquo; sintezom u odnosu na stabilisane nanomaterijale, &scaron;to je povezano sa veličinom čestica, tj. manje nanočestice nanomaterijala produkovanih &bdquo;zelenom&rdquo; sintezom imaju veću&nbsp; specifičnu povr&scaron;inu i samim tim mogu&nbsp; ponuditi&nbsp; vi&scaron;e reaktivnih mesta, veću reaktivnost i bolju disperziju. Ispitivanje kinetike adsorcije&nbsp; Cr(VI), Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) i As(III) na ispitivanim stabilisanim i &bdquo;zelenom&ldquo; sintezom produkovanim nanomaterijalima pokazalo je veoma brzu reakciju adsorpcije metala na ispitivanim&nbsp;nanomaterijalima i&nbsp; bolje slaganje eksperimentalno dobijenih podataka sa pseudo-drugim kinetičkim modelom.&nbsp; Rezultati dobijeni u ovom&nbsp; istraživanju omogućiće procenu&nbsp; primene nano Fe(0) za uklanjanje metala iz vode, posebno adsorpciju metala iz vode kao i odabir najefikasnijeg i najekonomičnijeg adsorbensa za uklanjanje različitih metala iz vode.</p> / <p>This work is concerned with exploring the possibility&nbsp; of&nbsp; application of&nbsp; stabilized nano Fe(0)&nbsp; and nano Fe (0) produced by &ldquo;green&rdquo; synthesis&nbsp; in the&nbsp; removal&nbsp; of Cr(VI), Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II)&nbsp; and&nbsp; As(III)&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; water.&nbsp; Synthesis of nano Fe(0) for the stabilization is carried out according to conventional method of iron reduction with sodium borohydride in the presence of a material for stabilization: kaolinite, bentonite and carboxymethyl cellulose. Leaves of oak, mulberry and cherry trees used for&nbsp; &ldquo;green&rdquo;&nbsp; synthesis of nano Fe(0). Characterization of nanomaterials&nbsp; was performed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy.&nbsp; The&nbsp; characterization&nbsp; results&nbsp; have shown that during the synthesis and stabilization of nano Fe (0) process formed nanoparticles with size from 20 to 90 nm, while the nano Fe (0) particles synthesized by &quot;green&quot; method were within the&nbsp; size of&nbsp; 10-30 nm and characterized as spherical nanoparticles with&nbsp; various sizes without significant agglomeration.&nbsp; Application of nano Fe (0) on the&nbsp; removal&nbsp; efficiency of&nbsp; metals from water was studied under different conditions: the influence of&nbsp; nanomaterials&nbsp; dose, the initial metal concentrations, pH value of the solution&nbsp; and the contact time. The results obtained during the examination of the impact of nanomaterial&nbsp; dose&nbsp; on the&nbsp; removal&nbsp; efficiency&nbsp; of selected metals from water&nbsp; have shown that increasing&nbsp; of nanomaterial&nbsp; dose increases removal efficiency. High removal efficiency is achieved when used&nbsp; 2 ml of stabilized nanomaterials, concentration of 14.00 gFe(0)/L, while when &quot;green&quot; nanomaterials,&nbsp; concentration&nbsp; of&nbsp; 1,395&nbsp; gFe(0)/L,&nbsp; were&nbsp; used&nbsp; the removal efficiency&nbsp; was&nbsp; lower.&nbsp; The optimal ranges of pH values&nbsp; at which&nbsp; the tested&nbsp; nanomaterials&nbsp; reach the maximum adsorption of metals&nbsp; were obtained, during the examination of&nbsp; the influence of pH value on removal of metals from water by using the tested nanomaterials&nbsp; The&nbsp; relation&nbsp; between&nbsp; the metals&nbsp; and tested&nbsp;&nbsp; nanomaterials is explained by modeling&nbsp; of&nbsp; Langmuir&#39;s and Freunlich&#39;s adsorption isotherm.&nbsp; Nanomaterials&nbsp; produced&nbsp; by&nbsp; &quot;green&quot; synthesis&nbsp; showed higher&nbsp; adsorption capacity&nbsp; than&nbsp; stabilized&nbsp; nanomaterials, which is related&nbsp; with particle size, i.e. the&nbsp; nanoparticles&nbsp; produced by&nbsp; &quot;green&quot; synthesis&nbsp; have&nbsp; less particles, higher specific surface area and therefore can offer more reactive sites, greater reactivity and better dispersion. Kinetics&nbsp; tests&nbsp; showed a very fast adsorption of metal&nbsp; on&nbsp; the tested nanomaterials and better agreement with the experimental data to&nbsp; second&nbsp; pseudo-kinetic model.&nbsp; The results obtained in this study will enable the assessment of the application of nano&nbsp; Fe (0) for the removal of metals from water, especially for the adsorption of metals from water as well as the selection of the most&nbsp; efficient and most economical of the adsorbent for the removal of various metals from water.</p>