Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 305-317).

Thesis (M.C.E.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Dov Leshchinsky, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1987. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-120). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: John L. Carlsten. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D)(Mining Engineering)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-186). Also available via the Internet.

Master of Science / Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources / Charles J. Barden / Sedimentation of Federal reservoirs in Kansas has been identified as a critical issue affecting municipal and industrial water supplies, flood control, recreation, and aquatic life. Eroding streambanks are major sources of sediment. Many streambank stabilization projects have been installed over the past 20 years, but there has been very little follow-up monitoring of the effectiveness of these practices. The project goal is to quantify the environmental benefits of government-sponsored streambank stabilization and restoration projects in northeastern Kansas, with a focus on six sites in which tree ad rock revetments were installed. Several of the sites had stabilized reaches and similar un-stabilized reaches as controls. Macroinvertebrate bioassessments were conducted at two sites, on the Delaware River and Plum Creek on the Kickapoo reservation, to compare eroding and stabilized stream reaches. Biotic Index, Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP), Average Score per Taxon (ASPT), and Elmidae – Plecoptera – Trichoptera (EIPT) were calculated to compare the stabilized sites performance for water quality and aquatic habitat. The biological indices showed habitat quality on stabilized reaches compared to control reaches. Alfa diversity Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices were calculated and improve in habitat quality and macroinvertebrate diversity was shown in stabilized reaches. Two new cedar revetments were established in 2017 on Little Grasshopper and Wolfley creeks. These cedar revetment installations resulted in heavy sediment deposits after high flow events with the revetments retaining 121 and 48 cubic meters, respectively. A novel method of using exposed roots was used successfully to quantify erosion on Axtell-Schmidt Dairy farm creek and Wolfley creek, where we found an average yearly erosion of 3.39 and 10.26 cm respectively. Other sites also showed reduced erosion on stabilized reaches and a development of vegetation cover along the riparian areas near the streams. Cedar revetments are shown to be a cost-effective stabilization method on smaller streams. Also, these practices and evaluation methods are a good opportunity for community and stakeholder involvement because it is possible to train community members in the monitoring practices. It is recommended to continue monitoring these sites to compare them with the designated control in order to document long-term effects.

This dissertation provides three distinct perspectives on state rainy day funds. The first empirical chapter explores the factors that influence a state to access their rainy day fund, and a variety of economic, institutional, and political factors to be important. The influence and effects of these factors, however, are contextual, and vary depending on the economic environment and political control. The most important influences on accessing the rainy day fund, however, are economic indicators that are in line with the purpose of state rainy day funds. The second empirical chapter investigates the influence of state rainy day fund deposit and withdrawal rules on where lawmakers place savings. The findings reveal that when states have strict rule configurations that limit legislative discretion, lawmakers avoid placing savings in the formal rainy day funds and opt for informal savings that allow for easier access. The final empirical chapter examines if states save enough to handle their unique economic environments. This chapter replicates Joyce's (2001) study with longitudinal data to gain a better understanding of state savings behavior and economic environments. Additionally, this chapter posits that informal and formal rainy day fund savings are closely linked, and, therefore, scholars need to consider both accounts when determining if states save enough their unique economic environment. Results indicate that under a broader view of state savings behavior and volatility, states are in a much better position than Joyce originally reported. What is more, when we consider both formal and informal savings, states are in a very good position to handle average volatility.

Nanomateriais, incluindo as nanopartículas e nanotubos, tem sido extensivamente utilizados em diversas aplicações tecnológicas, devido principalmente às suas interessantes propriedades, advindas da alta relação área/volume. Para a efetiva aplicação destes materiais em dispositivos nanotecnológicos, no entanto, é crucial o desenvolvimento de sistemas altamente estáveis, que mantenham suas propriedades por longos períodos. Neste trabalho foi proposta uma rota sintética para a preparação de nanopartículas de ouro na presença de polieletrólitos e tióis numa só fase, juntamente com um estudo sistemático da estabilidade dos sistemas produzidos. Os espectros de UV-vis obtidos demonstraram a formação de nanopartículas de ouro, com banda plasmônica característica. As nanopartículas foram também visualizadas por imagens de microscopia de Transmissão. Análise de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR) mostraram as ligações químicas que ocorrem entre os materiais constituintes dos sistemas híbridos de AuNPs. O estudo de estabilidade das AuNps foi realizado com medidas de espalhamento de luz dinâmico (DLS) bem como por medidas de UV-vis, o que permitiu a obtenção do tipo de solução e condições mais estáveis. Através de análise estatística, por meio da análise de componentes principais (PCA), foi possível verificar quais fatores influenciam de forma significativa a estabilidade das diferentes soluções preparadas. / The use of nanomaterials - including nanoparticles and nanotubes - for technological applications has received tremendous attention in the last few years, mainly due to their unique, size-dependent properties. The proper application of such nanomaterials in technological devices, however, has been limited by parameters such as their physical or chemical stability. In this Master´s dissertation, we introduce a single step synthetic route for preparation of gold nanoparticles in the presence of polyelectrolytes and thiols, with emphasis on the stability of the nanomaterials under different storage conditions. Four different hybrid nanoparticles had been investigated, containing either PAH or PVA as the polymeric phase, in the presence of 3-AMP or 11-AMP thiols, respectively. After synthesis, the formation of the Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) was evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy, upon appearance of a characteristic plasmonic band centered at ca. 510 or 540 nm, depending on the stabilizing agents used. The AuNPs were also investigated via TEM images. FTIR analyses evidenced that electrostatic interactions occurred between the thiols and the polyelectrolytes, within the hybrid nanoparticles structure. The stability of the four different systems was detailed investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and visual analyses. The data pointed to the higher stability presented by the AuNps stabilized with PAH in the presence of 3-AMP (PAH/3-AMP AuNPs). In contrast, the AuNPs stabilized with PVA exhibited the lowest stability. This feature was corroborated by statistical analysis, using principal component analysis (PCA), through which was possible to identify the main factor affecting AuNPs stability.