No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Dallas, 2009. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-213)

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisors: Edgar Jackson, Jr.; Robert Aubrey Kent (co-chairs), Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Sport Management, Recreation Management, and Physical Education. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 14, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 116 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

No description available.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 290-302).

With the increasing involvement of state and local governments in the professional sports industry over the last quarter of a century, the debate has arisen over whether the luring of a professional sports franchise or the construction of a stadium for a professional sports franchise provides any type of significant economic stimulus to a city. There are those who have engaged in this debate who believe the potential impact of these events to be significant and positive for a city. There are others who believe the potential impact of these events to be insignificant and/or negative for a city. The goal of this thesis is to add to the debate by presenting an econometric analysis of whether or not introducing a professional sports franchise and/or constructing a stadium for a professional sports franchise has any effect on a city's employment level. Our research based on taking data for each of the four major professional sports (Basketball, Baseball, Football, and Hockey) for various cities from 1979 to 1999 provides some very interesting results. The results of our econometric analysis suggest that building a new football stadium in a city or luring a basketball or hockey franchise into a city has a negative impact on a city's employment growth rate. However, our results also indicate that building a new basketball or hockey arena in a city for a current franchise or attracting a new football franchise to a city has a positive impact on a city's employment growth rate. Our research concludes that depending on the professional sport and the event involved the impact on employment in a city may be positive, negative, or not significant at all. Results that to a certain degree contradict previous econometric studies on the subject. / Master of Arts

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Background: A trend of constructing new stadiums has emerged in Sweden during the 2000s. Since the turn of the century more than 50 stadiums has been constructed and currently further stadiums are being developed. Several cities invest in a new stadium, with the purpose of creating value for the society and for marketing the city. The investment creates benefits, but the effects are usually hard to measure. However, the annual economical result of a stadium that has been in operation during a time period is clear, which has led to extensive discussions about the economic losses that usually occurs. Problem: The problem of constructing new stadiums is the investment cost, which is expensive and often financed by the taxpayers. The construction cost is high, but another problem is the operating cost that often exceeds the economic calculations. Critics argue that the investments of stadiums are a waste of the taxpayers’ money that could have been used for other public service, for example health care, education and elderly care. Question formulation: The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze the economic profitability for six stadiums in Sweden, for finding common success factors and factors that affects the stadiums economy negative. The intention is to analyze why some stadiums has performed better economical results than others. Method: To investigate the profitability of stadiums a literature study has been performed to describe previous research regarding market conditions, budgeting and overrun costs, ownership and financing options and the stadium’s profitability. Subsequently, a case study has been carried out, including Friends Arena, Gamla Ullevi, Sparbanken Skåne Arena, Saab Arena, Sparbanken Lidköping Arena and Göransson Arena. These stadiums have been selected based on geographical aspects, as they are located in larger cities, medium cities and small cities. Result and conclusion: According to this analysis Saab Arena and Sparbanken Lidköping Arena have reached the most profitable results. The paper concludes three success factors; a stadium should be constructed in an area with low competition regarding events. A project requires careful planning with unbiased and realistic assumptions of the economic calculations. The result gets better with funding from private companies and with sponsors for name rights. Finally, this study indicates that good economical results can be achieved, however it requires responsible decision makers who has great knowledge in the area of constructing stadiums. / Bakgrund: Under 2000-talet har en trend uppstått i Sverige angående arenainvesteringar. Sedan sekelskiftet har fler än 50 arenor konstruerats och för närvarande pågår ytterligare arenaprojekt som både är i planerings- och konstruktionsfasen. Många städer beslutar att investera i en ny arena för att skapa mervärde för samhället och för att marknadsföra staden. Arenor skapar därmed flera fördelar, men effekterna är vanligtvis svåra att mäta. De årliga ekonomiska resultaten för arenor som har varit i drift under en tidsperiod är däremot tydliga, vilket har lett till kritik och omfattande debatter om arenornas ekonomiska förluster. Problematik: Problemet med att upprätta nya arenor är att det är dyra investeringar som många gånger finansieras med skattemedel. Det är inte bara konstruktionskostnaden som anses hög, utan även driftkostnaderna brukar överstiga de ekonomiska kalkylerna. Kritiker menar att arenainvesteringar är ett slöseri med skattmedel som istället kan användas inom annan offentlig verksamhet såsom vård, skola och äldreomsorg. Frågeställning: Syftet med denna masteruppsats är att analysera den ekonomiska lönsamheten för sex utvalda arenor i Sverige, för att finna gemensamma framgångsfaktorer samt faktorer som påverkar arenornas ekonomi negativt. Avsikten är att analysera varför en del arenor når bättre ekonomiska resultat än andra. Metod: För att undersöka arenors lönsamhet har en litteraturstudie genomförts för att beskriva tidigare forskning inom områdena marknadsförutsättningar, budgetering och överskridande kostnader, ägande och finansieringsalternativ samt arenans lönsamhet. Därefter har en fallstudie genomförts som inkluderar Friends Arena, Gamla Ullevi, Sparbanken Skåne Arena, Saab Arena, Sparbanken Lidköping Arena och Göransson Arena. Dessa arenor valdes på grund av geografiska aspekter då de är belägna i storstäder, mellanstora städer och mindre städer. Resultat och slutsats: Enligt denna analys har Saab Arena och Sparbanken Lidköping Arena nått de mest lönsamma resultaten. Slutsatsen med denna studie är tre framgångsfaktorer; En arena ska konstrueras i ett område med låg konkurrens om evenemang. Det krävs en noggrann planering med opartiska och realistiska ekonomiska kalkyler. Bättre ekonomiskt resultat nås genom finansiering från privata bolag och sponsorer för namnrättigheter. Slutligen visar denna studie på att goda ekonomiska resultat kan uppnås, men det kräver ansvarsfulla beslutsfattare med stor kunskap inom området.