The results generated by this research argue that, in the future, communities should take into account crime and other social costs as they analyze the merits of investing in new sports complexes and that a failure to consider these factors could constitute a serious dereliction on the parts of the public officials who are ultimately responsible for new facility investment decision making. Moreover, both this research and previous studies of the economic effects of new sports facilities, strongly indicate that public entities considering funding new facilities do a more in depth independent study of the likely economic consequences of their prospective investments before moving forward.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Os espaços esportivos dos clubes de futebol são construções marcantes na paisagem, cuja função envolve sentimentos e paixões no público que vivencia o dia-a-dia do esporte mais popular do país, transformando os estádios e campos de futebol em uma espécie de templo de peregrinação, um patrimônio históricocultural representativo do lugar onde está inserido. No Brasil, e mais precisamente no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o papel do futebol ultrapassa os limites do cenário de competição esportiva, e adentra como elemento componente da estrutura cultural da sociedade. Tendo em vista o panorama histórico do desenvolvimento do futebol no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, mais precisamente no município de Porto Alegre, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como ocorreu o processo histórico de desenvolvimento dos espaços esportivos dos clubes que ofereceram a prática do futebol em Porto Alegre na primeira metade do século XX. Para a realização desta pesquisa histórica, utilizaram-se os preceitos metodológicos da história cultural, em uma pesquisa documental através de fontes impressas, tais como a Revista do Globo, os jornais "Correio do Povo" entre outros que circularam na cidade de Porto Alegre na época do estudo, bem como obras que abordem a história do futebol em Porto Alegre. Analisando as fontes, o trabalho apresenta a existência de três diferentes fases pelas quais passaram os espaços esportivos dos clubes de futebol em Porto Alegre: a primeira, entre 1903 e 1909, onde foram formados os primeiros espaços para a prática do futebol, através dos clubes ligados ao associativismo esportivo germânico; a segunda, que compreende os anos 1910, 1920 e 1930 onde se organizaram novos clubes, novos estádios e campeonatos, através de uma abertura do esporte às outras etnias presentes na cidade, saindo dos círculos aristocráticos com o surgimento de campos e estádios em bairros operários e populares; e uma terceira, nos anos 1940 e 1950, adentrando nos anos 1960, onde ocorreram a construção dos grandes estádios da cidade, reflexo da massificação e popularização do futebol e particularmente a preponderância de dois clubes, Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto-Alegrense e Sport Club Internacional. / Sporting spaces of football clubs are proeminent buildings in the landscape, whose function involves feelings and passions in the audience that lives daily the most popular sport in Brazil, turning the stadiums and football grounds in a kind of pilgrimage temple and a representative historic and cultural heritage of the place where it is inserted. In Brazil, and more pricesely in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the role of football goes beyond the limits of sport competition scenario, and becomes part of the cultural structure of the society. Considering the historical background of the development of football in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, more precisely in the city of Porto Alegre, this study aims to understand how was the historical process of development of sports spaces of the clubs that offered the practice of football in Porto Alegre in the first half of the twentieth century. To the realization of this historical research, the methodological principles of cultural history were used, in a documentary research through printed sources such as the "Revista do Globo", the newspaper "Correio do Povo" and others that circulated in Porto Alegre at the time of the study, as well papers that talks about the history of football in Porto Alegre. Analyzing the sources, the work shows the existence of three different phases of the spaces of football clubs in Porto Alegre: The first, between 1903 and 1909, which were formed the first spaces to the practice of football, through the clubs linked to the germanic sports associationalism; the second, comprising the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s, in which new clubs, stadiums and leagues are organized, through an opening of the sport to others ethnic groups present in the city, leaving the aristocratic circles by the appearance of fields and stadiums in working-class and popular neighborhoods; and a third in the 1940s and 1950s, entering in the 1960s, where occurred the construction of the biggest stadiums the city, reflecting the massification and popularization of football and especially the preponderance of two clubs, “Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto-Alegrense” and “Sport Club Internacional.”

Os espaços esportivos dos clubes de futebol são construções marcantes na paisagem, cuja função envolve sentimentos e paixões no público que vivencia o dia-a-dia do esporte mais popular do país, transformando os estádios e campos de futebol em uma espécie de templo de peregrinação, um patrimônio históricocultural representativo do lugar onde está inserido. No Brasil, e mais precisamente no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o papel do futebol ultrapassa os limites do cenário de competição esportiva, e adentra como elemento componente da estrutura cultural da sociedade. Tendo em vista o panorama histórico do desenvolvimento do futebol no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, mais precisamente no município de Porto Alegre, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como ocorreu o processo histórico de desenvolvimento dos espaços esportivos dos clubes que ofereceram a prática do futebol em Porto Alegre na primeira metade do século XX. Para a realização desta pesquisa histórica, utilizaram-se os preceitos metodológicos da história cultural, em uma pesquisa documental através de fontes impressas, tais como a Revista do Globo, os jornais "Correio do Povo" entre outros que circularam na cidade de Porto Alegre na época do estudo, bem como obras que abordem a história do futebol em Porto Alegre. Analisando as fontes, o trabalho apresenta a existência de três diferentes fases pelas quais passaram os espaços esportivos dos clubes de futebol em Porto Alegre: a primeira, entre 1903 e 1909, onde foram formados os primeiros espaços para a prática do futebol, através dos clubes ligados ao associativismo esportivo germânico; a segunda, que compreende os anos 1910, 1920 e 1930 onde se organizaram novos clubes, novos estádios e campeonatos, através de uma abertura do esporte às outras etnias presentes na cidade, saindo dos círculos aristocráticos com o surgimento de campos e estádios em bairros operários e populares; e uma terceira, nos anos 1940 e 1950, adentrando nos anos 1960, onde ocorreram a construção dos grandes estádios da cidade, reflexo da massificação e popularização do futebol e particularmente a preponderância de dois clubes, Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto-Alegrense e Sport Club Internacional. / Sporting spaces of football clubs are proeminent buildings in the landscape, whose function involves feelings and passions in the audience that lives daily the most popular sport in Brazil, turning the stadiums and football grounds in a kind of pilgrimage temple and a representative historic and cultural heritage of the place where it is inserted. In Brazil, and more pricesely in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the role of football goes beyond the limits of sport competition scenario, and becomes part of the cultural structure of the society. Considering the historical background of the development of football in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, more precisely in the city of Porto Alegre, this study aims to understand how was the historical process of development of sports spaces of the clubs that offered the practice of football in Porto Alegre in the first half of the twentieth century. To the realization of this historical research, the methodological principles of cultural history were used, in a documentary research through printed sources such as the "Revista do Globo", the newspaper "Correio do Povo" and others that circulated in Porto Alegre at the time of the study, as well papers that talks about the history of football in Porto Alegre. Analyzing the sources, the work shows the existence of three different phases of the spaces of football clubs in Porto Alegre: The first, between 1903 and 1909, which were formed the first spaces to the practice of football, through the clubs linked to the germanic sports associationalism; the second, comprising the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s, in which new clubs, stadiums and leagues are organized, through an opening of the sport to others ethnic groups present in the city, leaving the aristocratic circles by the appearance of fields and stadiums in working-class and popular neighborhoods; and a third in the 1940s and 1950s, entering in the 1960s, where occurred the construction of the biggest stadiums the city, reflecting the massification and popularization of football and especially the preponderance of two clubs, “Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto-Alegrense” and “Sport Club Internacional.”

No description available.

Stadiums are being built over the country and the discussion is whether it is profitable for the municipalities or not. The municipalities are namely owners or part owners or have in some way contributed to the financing by subvention or grants. A purpose with the project is to show different aspects to why different operators want to own/finance stadiums when they are not profitable. That means that we are examining municipalities’ incentives to invest in these stadiums. The purpose is therefor to examine how you can see on added value created by stadiums. The project is limited to investigate stadiums with an audience capacity of 10 000 people, because we want to focus on multi-stadiums that has a bigger ability to affect the society it is built in. Politicians who have been elected from the citizens in the municipality govern municipalities. It is the city council that takes the decisions. The municipality’s largest source of income is the local taxes, it stands for about 70 per cent of the municipality’s incomes. We have chosen to do an explorative examination by a quantitative collection of information to seek answers to our questions. We are assuming after our examination that municipalities consider it important with stadiums to promote a municipality’s reputation and also to promote the sporting activities and try to increase the interest for sports among young people. Even if it is not economically profitable it is contributing to community benefits and therefor they are willing to contribute / Arenor byggs runt om i landet och det diskuteras om det är lönsamt för kommunerna. Kommunerna är nämligen i de flesta fall ägare, delägare eller har på annat vis hjälpt till med finansiering genom subvention eller bidrag. Ett syfte med arbetet är att visa på olika aspekter varför olika aktörer vill äga/finansiera arenor även om de inte är lönsamma. Det innebär att vi undersöker vad kommuner kan ha för incitament att investera i dessa arenor. Syftet är därför också att undersöka hur man ser på mervärden skapade av arenor. Arbetet avgränsas till att undersöka arenor med en publikkapacitet på minst 10 000 personer, då vi framförallt riktar oss mot multiarenor som har större möjlighet att påverka samhället de byggs i. Kommuner styrs av politiker som blivit valda direkt av medborgarna i kommunen. Det görs av så kallade kommunfullmäktige. Kommunens största inkomstkälla är kommunalskatten, den står för ungefär 70 procent av kommunens inkomster. Vi har valt att genom kvantitativ insamling av information göra en explorativ undersökning för att söka svar på våra frågor angående svenska arenor. Efter gjord undersökning antar vi att kommuner anser att det är viktigt med arenor för att främja en kommuns anseende och även för att främja idrottsverksamheten och för att försöka få ett intresse för sport bland unga. Även om det inte är ekonomiskt lönsamt bidrar det till samhällsnytta och då är man villig att bidra ekonomiskt till det.

Not available / text

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Eighty-three Texas high school football stadiums have opened since 2008. Both pro stadiums and amateur stadiums have found their way into the ire of economists, who decry such expensive projects as lavish and foolhardy. Sociologists meanwhile point to ambition and pride as contributing to the growth of professional and amateur stadiums. / text