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This dissertation asks why the system of time measurement set up towards the end of the nineteenth century took the form that it did. The answer is partially dependant on the advent of new technologies such as railways, steamships, and telegraphs. However, instead of focusing on a teleological story of technological progress, this dissertation derives its answer by examining the social, political, and cultural context of the individuals involved. The dissertation uses the 1884 International Meridian Conference as a case study to suggest that time reform was driven by professional context more than by technological imperatives or national interest. Astronomers and engineers came to the conference with very different visions for modern timekeeping. Using a constructivist lens, this dissertation examines the decision-laden process by which temporal knowledge was constructed. Questions about the very nature of accurate time was at the heart of the debate: was time a public good, a commodity, or a specialized tool? The answers to these questions depended heavily on one’s profession, and as a result the conference, directed by astronomers who preferred time as a specialized tool, rejected standard time as a broad reformation of civil timekeeping for the public. The process of construction continued after the conference as well, as the universality of standard time became wrapped up with the heightened accuracy required by specialized astronomical time. Entrepreneurs latched on to this, selling accurate time as a desirable symbol of modernity, while at the same time large numbers of people continued to use older timekeeping methods that were more convenient. New timekeeping methods did not sweep aside the old, leaving timekeeping a more complex, rather than a simplified, process. The standard time system which emerged from this complexity was far from inevitable, and in fact remained largely incomplete. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation asks why the system of time measurement set up towards the end of the nineteenth century took the form that it did. While partially dependent on new technologies such as railways and telegraphs, timekeeping was shaped more directly by the cultural context of the individuals involved. The dissertation uses the 1884 International Meridian Conference as a case study to suggest that time reform was driven by professional norms more than by national interest or changes in technology. Astronomers and engineers came to the conference with very different visions for modern timekeeping. Indeed, questions about the very nature of accurate time was at the heart of the debate: was time a public good, a commodity, or a specialized tool? The answers to these questions depended heavily on one’s profession, and as a result the standard time system that emerged was far from inevitable, and in fact remained incomplete.

The master's thesis consists of three parts: technological, design and research. In the technological part, the improvement of the technological process for the manufacture of basic parts in modern conditions using automated production is considered. In the design part, the development of a mechanized mounting and clamping device for a vertically milling operation and a control and measuring device for a control operation are carried out. In the research part, optimization of cutting conditions for milling a flat surface of the body with milling cutters of various diameters of domestic and foreign manufacturers is given. This part contains a comparison of the milling resistance, determination of the number of workpieces and a comparison of the cost of cutting tools of two manufacturers. The necessary set of design and technological documentation has been formed. / Магистерская диссертация состоит из трех частей: технологической, конструкторской и научно-исследовательской. В технологической части рассматривается совершенствование технологического процесса на изготовление корпусной детали в современных условиях с использованием автоматизированного производства. В конструкторской части производится разработка механизированного установочно-зажимного приспособления на вертикально-фрезерную операцию и контрольно-измерительного приспособления на контрольную операцию. В научно-исследовательской части приведена оптимизация режимов резания для фрезерования плоской поверхности корпуса фрезами различного диаметра отечественного и зарубежного производителей. Данная часть содержит сравнение стойкости фрез, определение количества обрабатываемых деталей и сравнение стоимости режущих инструментов двух производителей. Сформирован необходимый комплект конструкторской и технологической документации.

The diploma thesis deals with construction and technological preparation of apartment buildings in „Nad Městěm“ locality in Nové Město na Moravě. The buildings have four above-ground floors and one underground floor with garages. This work contains a technical report of a construction project, a coordination situation with broader transport routes, a time and financial plan, a study of the implementation of the main technological stages, a project of the building site, the design of the main building machines and mechanisms, the cross building budget, the technological regulations, the control and test plans and specialized assignment of the noise study.

The master’s thesis is planning selected parts of preparation and realization of the extension of production hall with warehouses in Petrovice u Karviné. The thesis contains technical reports, solution of wider traffic relations, study of main technological stages, design of building site, design of construction machinery, the technology solutions for installation of roofing including HSF and CTP, design of anchors for roofing, time and financial planning of construction.