Lois Upham is the Editor of this column: The Standards Connection and the Asociation for Library and Information Science Education representative to the National Information Standards Organization (NISO). This column is based on the October 1995 issue of Information Standards Quarterly, which was received in January 1996; Upham reviews articles from this issue and summarizes the standards work of NISO for the past year. She also notes that the Association for Library and Information Science Education was withdrawing from subsequent NISO membership.

This dissertation defined employee performance and the challenges experienced by each individual employee during the operation setting. All the factors such as the conditions, tools used and understanding the setting are being researched. Despite this, the clear multidisciplinary approach, the field of performance management has developed from diverse origins. Different measurement and management techniques and approaches have developed independently. Personnel (or HR) have been concerned with managing the performance of people. Performance management from these disparate disciplines has begun to converge and recognize the need for integration into a multidisciplinary approach to managing performance. The management discipline which most often associates itself with the term is in Human Resources. Performance management is often associated with the management of the performance of people. However, in the HR field the best practice emphasizes the contribution of people to the achievement of organizational performance. From the HR field Armstrong and Baron highlight the importance of performance management being strategic, integrated (vertical, functional, HR integration and integration of individual needs), concerned with performance improvement and concerned with development. Performance management should be integrated horizontally across the organization; The performance being managed should reflect the requirements, wants and needs of all of the key stakeholders of the organization and not just reflect a limited set. Performance management should be integrated vertically linking the strategies and objectives of the organization to the execution of activities which will enable their achievement. Explicit understanding of linkages across the vertical and horizontal integration (e.g. through success maps) enables consideration of conflicting priorities and trade-offs that need to be made in order to achieve overall objectives. The performance monitoring, review and action planning process should be structured around the strategic performance objectives of the organization. / Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2013

This study was a descriptive analysis of the relationship between the number of years of school counseling experience of a convenient sample of school counselors and their frequency of consultation, used style of consultation, and preferred style of consultation with teachers, administrators, parents, and counselors in community agencies as measured by the School Counselor Consultation Survey (SCCS). Results indicated that for the participants in this sample group, there is no significant relationship between years of experience and frequency of consultation or between years of experience and the style of consultation employed with any of the four named consultee groups. Although this study found no significant relationship between years of experience and the frequency, style, and any general preferred style of consultation employed by school counselors, the profile of consultation practice as described by this sample population revealed some important information which warrants further investigation. The majority of respondents reported consulting with all consultee groups, although least frequently with counselors in community agencies. Participating school counselors also reported a desire to increase the number of times they consult with all consultee populations studied, with the highest percentage of respondents indicating that they would like to increase their frequency of consultation with counselors in community agencies. More respondents reported using a collaborative style with teachers, administrators, and community counselors than with parents, although the collaborative style of consultation was the preference of most respondents. Additional consultation training and supervision of pre-service and in-service school counselors, collaborative consultation networking between school and community counselors, and further action research about consultation practices in schools is recommended. / School of Education / Counselor Education and Supervision (ExCES) / EdD / Dissertation

Text in Chinese. English abstract translated from Chinese. / The 1980s was a milestone decade in the history of libraries in Taiwan: computer technology began to be widely employed in libraries; collections began to be digitized; manual library operations were automated; in particular, the development of Chinese classification schemes, subject headings, and cataloging rules made tremendous progress. This paper highlights the achievements in Chinese cataloging rules made in Taiwan libraries since 1980. It describes the construction, features and applications of the Chinese cataloging rules in Taiwan, and discusses future challenges that Chinese cataloging faces and possible development strategies.

Eco-labelling schemes can be classified according to the ownership of the programme. This thesis compares government-controlled, private and half government-controlled, half privatised eco-labelling schemes from Europe, America, Germany and Canada. The criteria for the comparison are divided in three sections. The first section is based on the awarding process, focusing on the determination of product categories, the setting of standards and the awarding of the label. The second section focuses on environmental policy and regulation, examining impact on trade, transparency of the programme, accountability and credibility and whether the programme is a stand-alone instrument. Section three contains the context and background of the study, discussing the programme's effectiveness in providing information, knowledge about the label and the effect of the label on manufacturers. These criteria are applied to each of the four eco-labelling programmes. Three areas were found to be most problematic during this comparison. The first one was found concerning the possible incompatibility of eco-labelling programmes with GATT law and therefore their negative impact on international trade. The second one was found regarding the accountability of the programmes, showing the difficulty in holding the eco-labelling authority accountable. The third problem was the amounts of funding necessary to advertise the programmes so that consumers will become fully aware of them - funding that is not available. After the actual comparison, the results were then drawn together in a final analysis. During this analysis, a look was also taken at eco-labelling in general. Several intrinsic problems were determined, such as the still unreliable scientific method of life-cycle analysis (LCA), the "lock in" to inferior technologies and the unwillingness of consumers to pay higher prices for environmentally friendly products. Since the result of the comparison is that eco-labelling contains too many intrisinc problems to be able to ever function as it should be, a look was taken at possible alternatives, such as international harmonisation of standards, the ISO 14000 series, the Eco-Profile, mutual recognition under the Global Eco-labelling Network and mandatory product standards.

In this phenomenological study I concentrate primarily on three component features of melancholia, namely:  temporality, suffering and how both these features as a result of our condition as embodied subject’s as already engaged in the world.  In undertaking this I will use the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty as developed in his book the ‘Phenomenology of Perception’ (1962).  The conceptual framework used in this study is developed upon the premise that the correct subject of psychopathology is the ‘person’ characterised as an active agent within a world-context.  By adopting the perspective of an embodied subject (body-subject) in the world, derived from Merleau-Ponty’s concept of the embodied subject, one can eliminate some of the intellectual confusion relating to certain philosophical distinctions, generally, and, of more relevance for this study, to psychiatric diagnostic categories specifically. The argument is that the body, in terms of anatomy and physiology, is always intertwined with both the subject’s intentionality, that same subject’s bodily intentionality and the world.  The physical structure of the embodied subject lays the foundation for our way of being-in-the-world.  Being-in-the-world is characterised as relational and dialectic in that one’s relationship with the world changes both the world and the embodied subject in ways which either promote or hinder health, illness and/or suffering. An important part of my argument is that human suffering occurs as a result of agency and/or illness and that suffering is inseparable from one’s personal perspective and the world-context that influences one’s personal perspective. The concept of suffering, developed in this study, challenges an ideological tenet of the traditional medical model:  namely, that there is objective knowledge, knowable apart from subjective experience.  The concept of suffering, developed herein, places tension on this tenet, and if this tenet is preserved as inviolable then it follows that the prevailing reductionist medical model has little to say about suffering.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 31).

published_or_final_version / Business / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Zugl.: Passau, Universiẗat, Diss., 2004.

M.Cur. / Caring is a natural capacity. This simply means that human beings care because they are human. It is a reciprocal process. It never takes place in a vacuum as the one caring must do it out of love, and respect for another human being and it must be done with the utmost gentleness, tolerance and consideration. In the nursing profession it is done to people who are in most instances vulnerable and in need of care. This therefore, dictates that the one caring must have appropriate values and act them out consistently. In the case of nurses, a set of appropriate professional values is needed to serve as a framework from which they can base their decisions and actions. These professional values must be such that they should facilitate caring in the product of the nursing education system. Scholars are in support of one another that as much as caring is a natural phenomenon, this must be taught and nurtured. Much has been said about the decaying moral fibre of the South African society. The nursing profession also does not escape this scourge. The Department Education recommended that a working group be formed to look at and work on 'values education to teach new values to the generation to come'. The ANC through its Ethical Transformation called for a moral renewal of the society. The nursing education system called for a caring campaign. The aim of this study was to describe guidelines to facilitate internalisation of professional values in student nurses to make them caring professionals. To realise this goal, the researcher undertook a quantitative and qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual approach. The design was conducted in four (4) phases. Data was collected from the nurse educators through focus group interviews and from the student nurses by means of naive sketches. In phase 1 of the design, the groups were separately asked to describe their perceptions about which professional values they regarded as important for nursing. They were further more asked to describe how these professional values should be taught to student nurses in order to make them caring practitioners. Conceptualisation was undertaken in phase 2. Phase 3 focussed on document analysis to evaluate if the identified professional values and teaching strategies were reflected in the college curriculum. Guidelines were described in the last phase. These was to be used by the nurse educators and student nurses to facilitate caring in the practitioners of nursing The results of the study indicated that the groups identified appropriate professional values as well as teaching strategies to be used to facilitate caring. The documents that have been evaluated indicated and supported this. Some of the professional values as well as teaching strategies were indeed reflected in the college curriculum. The only problem that was noted was that the evaluation done in the college did not seem to support if these professional values are taught, or if the teaching strategies were indeed used. The tests and examination papers evaluated seem not support this. It also became clear that nurse educators needed to be moral agents or become role models to their students in this regard. From the guidelines it was highlighted that the values identified must form part of the college curriculum and be displayed on the college walls to be seen by all. The following guidelines were spelled out. Educators must periodically receive in service training on those teaching strategies that facilitate caring. It came out clearly that the quality assurance team must place values education high on their list of priorities. A concerted effort must be engaged in by all the stakeholders to ensure that both the formative and summative evaluations conducted in the nursing college reflect inclusion of identified professional values. Emphasis must be placed on the affective domain as it has been noted that teaching and evaluation in this domain are difficult to implement. The recommendations that emanated from the study are based on the findings that although values and teaching strategies were reflected in the college curriculum they did not seem to be appropriately taught and evaluated. It was, therefore, recommended that the guidelines described in the study be implemented. The researcher further recommended that the caring attitudes of nurse educators be explored, as they are the primary socialising agents.