This thesis sets out to question many of the presently held views of the Addison Hoasing Act and to set" the Act in its true perspective. It is a~gued that the importance of the Great War on state intervention in housing has been greatly exaggerated. The need for such intervention had already been acknowledged by all political parties by 1914 as were the main principles upon which the 1919 Act was based. As for why so few houses were built during the Addison Act the great difficulties, previously overlooked, faced by local authorities in purchasing suitable building sites are shown. Also stressed are the delays that local authorities found in dealing with the administrative structure set up by the Ministry of Health to oversee the Act. Though implemented to safeguard the Treasury who were committed to foot an unknown bill it became one of the main reasons for the failure of the Addison Act to produce 'homes for heroes' quickly enough to satisfy public demand. The administrative structure is also blamed for the way in which council housing evolved as the instantly recognisable, sou~less estates of the interwar years copied on a grander scale after the Second World. War. The clash of interests generated within the local government/ central government partnership is also shown as a major factor in the delays that dogged building under the Act. The difficulties met by local authorities in finding adequate labour, building materials and finance, stressed by some historians, are re-assessed in the light of this clash. Local authorities are defended against criticism of the way they adapted to the role of bUilder and landlord. They are shown as carrying out a difficult task with vigour, professionalism and a growing sense of civic responsibility and commitment. This commitment is reflected in the little known role they played in the drafting of the following Chamberlain Housing Act. Finally the Addison Act is viewed as an example in the growth of a local government/central government partnership in social welfare provision that began in the mid 19th century.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Medicaid covers 21% of Americans which includes over 65 million children and adults, making it the largest single source of health insurance for Americans. As a public program jointly administered between the federal and state governments, states exhibit substantial control over the structure of their programs, with the intention of modifying programs to fit the needs of the state and population. Medicaid has experienced numerous changes at both the state and federal levels in recent years which have created novel ways of modifying their structures, many of which may have implications for administrative expenditures. As publicly funded programs and given the state autonomy over such, it is important to consider the relationships and effects of such decisions on the performance of these programs. The purpose of this dissertation is to consider numerous variations in state Medicaid programs and the state contexts in which they operate, and the relationship to administrative spending. This dissertation focuses on three studies including 1) a panel analysis of the trends and correlates of state Medicaid administrative expenditures, 2) a quasi-experimental study of the effects of Medicaid expansion on administrative expenditures, and finally 3) a quasi-experimental study of the effects of the use of Express Lane Eligibility on administrative expenditures. Overall, this dissertation provides a better understanding of the variations, correlates, and drivers of Medicaid administrative expenditures.

The thesis examines the role of the state in the agriculture sector with particular emphasis on policy formation and it's effects on rural Wales. Sociological theories of the state are examined and an 'institutional' approach is adopted which focusses attention on the institutional actors in the policy process. Policy is made by these actors albeit under certain external constraints. A brief analysis of state intervention in the UK is provided. This is treated historically and traces the-changing pattern of state involvement in the industry. Likewise, the UK policy process is briefly examined and the main institutional actors are identified. At the Welsh level, the effects of state intervention on the structure of Welsh agriculture are documented. This is also treated historically. Attention is then directed to the Welsh institutional actors and their role in the agricultural policy process. In particular, the role of the Farmers' Unions is examined, looking closely at their relationships with state agencies. The activities of non-agricultural state agencies operating in rural Wales are also examined. The question is asked whether the traditional dominance of agricultural policy in the Welsh rural areas is about to come to an end. While some evidence is put forward to support this, the situation is by no means clear and no definitive answer can be provided. In conclusion, it is argued that the effects of past agricultural policies on the communities of rural Wales have been extremely damaging, and some reorientation of policy is clearly needed. However, the institutional. analysis indicates that such a reorientation will be extremely difficult to achieve.

No description available.

Influences on Foster Care Reentry Rate looked at demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in each state within the United States. Those characteristics were then studied to see how they related to foster care reentry rates. Then, a case study analysis was conducted on three states, Minnesota, North Carolina, and Tennessee, because of their similarity in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and divergence in foster care reentry rates. The case analysis was an in depth pursuit of differences in each of the state's policies that may be a driving force of higher reentry rates.

Since the 1990s rates of prescription drug abuse and overdose have skyrocketed to unprecedented levels. As a result states have enacted and implemented new drug control policies in hopes of slowing and reversing this health epidemic. The goals of this study were to (a) determine the impact these state-based drug control policies have on prescription drug abuse and overdose and (b) deduce what leads some states to pass stricter policies than others. Results indicated that the prevalence of prescription drug overdose in 2008 largely impacted the future strength of a state’s drug control policy. States with higher rates of drug overdose and abuse in earlier years tended to develop tougher policy by 2013. In addition, states’ Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) were found to be strongly related to the growth rate of prescription drug abuse in states. While not significantly differing from national trends at first, after about five years of PDMP operation, states began to see a slow or decrease in their rates of prescription drug abuse. Though much more can be done to combat prescription drug abuse and overdose, PDMPs that provide unsolicited reports to users and are accessible to law enforcement and are an effective step to begin to curb the problem.

Retail clinics are walk-in clinics designed for convenience and for servicing minor health issues and certain acute conditions. The model began as a way of bringing both convenience and care to areas that have lower levels of access to primary care resources. With the implementation of Affordable Care Act (ACA) in March 2010, populations that were previously uninsured were now required to have access to some level of health insurance. These populations presented a potential new market for retail clinics. This research shows that post implementation of the ACA, retail clinics tend to locate in areas with higher incomes and, generally, greater access to primary care.

A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o impacto dos direitos da propriedade intelectual no desenvolvimento do capitalismo e na construção de um espaço mundial desigual. O trabalho procura demonstrar que os direitos de propriedade intelectual, embora entendidos na seara jurídica como uma formulação natural para a proteção de uma criação do gênio humano, são resultados, na configuração moderna, de uma política deliberada das nações do centro do sistema capitalista e de seus grandes grupos monopolistas transnacionais. Esses direitos visam, na realidade, a manutenção da riqueza e a acumulação do capital através da cobrança de royalties no centro do sistema, gerando, em consequência, uma divisão internacional do trabalho desigual com graves repercussões espaciais. Com base na análise em perspectiva histórica dos países atualmente desenvolvidos, e na análise crítica das legislações internacionais, procura-se demonstrar que para um país progredir, tecnológica e economicamente, se faz necessária a implantação de uma política econômica que contenha o enfrentamento a esses direitos, para conseguir adquirir o conhecimento gerado no centro do sistema, copiando-os e reproduzindo-os com inovação. / The present paper focuses on the impact of intellectual property rights on the development of capitalism and on the construction of an uneven and different space. We search to demonstrate that intellectual property rights, although regarded almost as natural rights, designed to protect the creation of a genius mind, are, on its modern format, the results of public policies of the rich nations and its monopolist groups. These rights aim, in fact, to favor the developed nations, by aiding the maintenance of their wealth within their circles and by helping the accumulation of capital through royalties charging, generating, as a consequence, a more and more unequal world. This paper attempts to demonstrate that technological and economic development can only be achieved through an economic policy that includes the affronting of intellectual property regulation.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1979. / Title from title page screen, viewed Feb. 2, 2005. Dissertation Committee: J.H. McGrath (chair), Ben C. Hubbard, Mary K. Huser, Clinton R. Bunke, Larry Kennedy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-117) and abstract. Also available in print.

xii, 169 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Infant feeding has received insufficient attention in the social sciences. Breastfeeding is an important public health concern because it provides many benefits for infants, mothers, and the community. Breastfeeding rates in the United States increased from their lowest point in the early 1970s, but remain below the federal goals established by the Healthy People 2010 program. This is particularly the case for exclusive breastfeeding. Sociological and feminist theorists have identified several factors that influence breastfeeding, such as social class, race, and state support for lactating women. This research uses the National Immunization Survey, which contains a random sample of nearly 30,000 infant-caretaker pairs in the United States, to examine the affect of these factors on breastfeeding duration and intensiveness. Hierarchical linear modeling is used to analyze individual mothers within U.S. states to determine how class, race, and state-level policies affect breastfeeding rates. The models show that education level and income are strongly associated with both duration and intensity of breastfeeding. African-American and Hispanic women tend to breastfeed less than their white counterparts. State-level variables, particularly the number of lactation consultants employed in a state per 1000 live births, increase the likelihood of breastfeeding. The results of this research are used to suggest policy recommendations that may increase the duration and intensity of breastfeeding. / Advisers: Robert O'Brien, Richard York